WP 4: THE REGIONAL STATE OF THE ART IN EGYPT REGION

Transcription

1 WP 4: THE REGIONAL STATE OF THE ART IN EGYPT REGION WP leader: FUNDITEC June rdversin

2 Index Intrductin A reginal Slar Plicies verview in Egypt: preliminary state f the art and needs identificatin fr the SHAAMS POLICY ACCELERATOR Institutinal rganizatin f the slar sectr in EGYPT The energy/slar strategy in Egypt Egypt and the MED Slar Plan Questinnaire Results SWOT analysis and results Glbal cnclusins fr the plicy acceleratr in Egypt The SHAAMS ENTERPRISE RESEARCH ACCELERATOR in Egypt The R&D fr energy and the slar market in Egypt Ecnmic, market and financial barriers and facilitatrs t the strategy implementatin SWOT Analysis Reginal Cnclusins The SHAAMS SOCIAL ACCELERATOR in Egypt Public awareness n the slar sectr in Egypt Barriers and Facilitatrs fr the scial apprehensin f slar sectr slutins SWOT Analysis Reginal cnclusins SHAAMS cmmn indicatrs fr the sectrs analysis

3 Intrductin Egypt has successfully managed t secure electricity supply t f its ppulatin. The electrical peak demand increased by an average f 7 ver the last decade, it increased by mre than 12 in the year 2007/2008.The peak demand has reached MW in September T meet the increase in demand an average annual expansin in generatin and transmissin as well as distributin f 2000 MW is needed ver the next 20 years. After Egypt's prductin peak f ver 900,000 bbl/d in the 1990's, utput began t increasingly decline as il fields matured. Hwever, n-ging successful explratin has led t new prductin frm smaller fields, and enhanced il recvery (EOR) techniques in existing fields have eased the decline at aging fields. In additin, utput f NGLs and lease cndensate has increased as a result f expanding natural gas prductin and has ffset sme f the ther declines in liquids prductin. One f Egypt's challenges is t satisfy increasing dmestic demand fr il in the midst f falling dmestic prductin. Dmestic il cnsumptin has grwn by ver 30 ver the last decade, frm 550,000 bbl/d in 2000 t 815,000 bbl/d in The Egyptian energy strategy frm 1979 is fcusing n energy efficiency. It des nt impse any cnstrains n energy supply. It integrates with the ecnmic and scial develpment plans f Egypt The ptential f adding mre hydr-generatin is limited. In 2008/2009 installed renewable surces (mainly wind) has reached 430 MW representing nly 2 f the installed capacity and generated energy frm these surces represents nly 1 f the electrical energy generated. Electricity purchased frm self-generatin and cgeneratin units in industry in 2008/2009 represents nly 0.07 f the ttal electrical energy generated. In subsidy f 5.5 Billin LE was ffered mainly t the residential sectr; hwever ne Billin L.E. is recvered due t the crss subsidy plicy leading t a net annual subsidy, nt including the fuel subsidy, at 4.5 Billin L.E. Egypt is ne f the Sunbelt cuntries that enjy ne f the largest ptentials f slar energy. The slar Atlas was issued in 1991, the results the f Atlas shws that the average direct nrmal slar radiatin is kwh/m2/year The sunshine duratin ranges between 9 11 h day frm Nrth t Suth with very few cludy days. Until 2012, renewable energy generatin facilities with cncessinal financing frm dnrs, which include 550 MW f wind pwer plants. Electricity generatin frm slar thermal system is Kuraymat 140 MW Integrated Cmbined Cycle Pwer Plant. The plant is based n CSP technlgy which used parablic trugh technlgy integrated with cmbined cycle pwer plant and uses natural gas as a fuel. The capacity f the prject is 140 MW which includes 20 MW as the slar share. The ttal installed capacity f PV systems in Egypt is arund 10 MW fr lighting, water pumping, wireless cmmunicatins, cling and cmmercial advertisements n highways. Lcal cmpanies fr manufacturing slar water heaters reached 12 cmpanies with installed capacity in Egypt until nw abut 350 thusand slar heaters (700,000M 2 ).

4 1. A reginal Slar Plicies verview in Egypt: preliminary state f the art and needs identificatin fr the SHAAMS POLICY ACCELERATOR The electricity generatin expansin plan fr Egypt includes achieving a ttal slar capacity f 150 MW by Sme f the wrld's best wind pwer resurces are in Egypt, especially in the areas f the Gulf f Suez, where at least 7200 MW culd be ptentially develped by Institutinal rganizatin f the slar sectr in EGYPT The Ministry f Electricity and Energy (MEE) is the principal plicy agency in the electricity and energy sectr, including Egyptian Electricity Hlding Cmpany (EEHC), New and Renewable Energy Authrity (NREA), Rural Electrificatin Authrity, Hydrpwer Prjects Authrity, and Nuclear Energy Agencies. The slar sectr in Egypt is under duty f New and Renewable Energy Authrity (NREA) and NREA is invlved in SHAAMS prject. 1.3 The energy/slar strategy in Egypt The Supreme Cuncil fr Energy, established in The cuncil deals with strategic issues in the energy sectr, including majr plicy initiatives, investment prgrams, and energy pricing. Egypt s energy strategy has t face the challenge t meet the increasing demand fr energy fr Egypt's grwing ecnmy and ppulatin. The strategy which was apprved in February 2008 aims t: Cntributin by renewable energies reaches 20 f the ttal electricity generatin by The share cntributin f the grid cnnected wind pwer will be 12 f the ttal electricity generatin, i.e., reaching mre than 7200 MW gridcnnected wind farms while the remaining will be frm mainly hydr (8) and slar energy (2). In July 2012, an Egyptian Slar Plan has been apprved by the Cabinet which targeting t install abut 3500 MW by 2027 (2800 MW CSP MW PV) with private investment share f 67 including enhancement f relevant lcal industry. The fllwing aspects are cnsidered in the strategy: Diversifying the energy supply resurces by increasing the renewable energy (RE) surces such as slar, wind and bimass. Maximizing the share f (RE) in the energy mix. Gradual reductin f subsidizing energy end-use prices. Raising awareness f end-users n the benefits f renewable energy. Planned future mix f renewable and fssil fuels. Satisfy 20 f the generated electricity by renewable energies by 2020, including 12 frm wind energy, i.e., reaching mre than 7200 MW grid-cnnected wind farms (abut 600 MW wind farms annually). Increasing the cntributin f renewable energy in the electric energy mix t meet the grwing demand. Saving the fssil fuels fr exprt and fr future generatins needs. Exprting clean energy generated frm Wind and Slar t Eurpe via reginal intercnnectin links

5 Trading the emissin reductins. Enhancing the lcal industrial capabilities thrugh technlgy transfer. Creating natinal and reginal market fr RE equipment Creating new jb pprtunities. 1.4 Egypt and the MED Slar Plan The Mediterranean Slar Plan (MSP) was launched by the Heads f State and Gvernments f the 27 EU Member States and 16 Suthern and Eastern Mediterranean Cuntries (SEMC) as ne f the pririty prjects f the Unin fr the Mediterranean (UfM) at the Funding Summit f July The MSP is mainly cncerned with perspectives fr electricity prductin frm renewable surces (RES-E) as well as with a decrease f energy intensity via an increase f energy efficiency (EE); perspectives fr heat prductin frm renewable surces (RES -H) as well as fr fuel prductin frm renewable surces (RES -F) shall at this stage play nly a minr rle, as t the frmer, and n rle, as t the latter. Three main ptins are currently cnsidered: nshre wind pwer; phtvltaic pwer (PV, incl. CPV); and cncentrating slar pwer (CSP). Slar thermal heat will be subsumed under energy efficiency. The main gals f the Mediterranean Slar Plan are t facilitate develp 20 GW f new renewable generatin capacity n the suthern and eastern shre f the Mediterranean by 2020, alng with the necessary electricity transmissin capacity; supply the lcal market with mst f the additinal electricity prduced while exprting part f it t ther cuntries, in the regin and beynd; imprve energy efficiency and ratinalize energy cnsumptin in the Mediterranean; create new green jbs and industrial capacities in SEMC; fster reginal energy market integratin and reginal integratin mre generally. Egypt RES Natinal Targets: It is envisaged that 20 f ttal electricity generated shall be frm RES in Egypt by These targets were apprved, supprted and mandated by the Supreme Energy Cuncil f Egypt (SEC) In July 2012, the Egyptian Slar Plan has been apprved by the Cabinet, which targeting t install abut 3500 MMW by 2027 f cmbined capacity (2800 MW CSP MW PV) with private investment share f 67 including enhancement f relevant lcal industry. Specific targets have been established fr slar and wind. In this respect the fllwing electricity generatin targets are envisaged: 12 f ttal generatin frm wind farms while the remaining will be frm mainly hydr (8) and slar energy (2). Specific Supprt Schemes fr slar and wind prjects are carried ut: The wind and slar atlases were prepared fr the electricity and are made at a lw price fr (100 US $each) Eligibility fr CDM financing. Third Party Access cde was prepared by the regulatry agency, subject t apprval if its bard f directrs A grid cde is being develped t include the integratin f large wind energy parks t the system. An extra high Vltage (500 kv) 280 km duble circuits transmissin line t accmmdate the large wind parks which are abut t be develped.

6 It is being prpsed by the electric regulatry agency t exempt RE prjects frm wheeling charges. RES Tariff Supprt Schemes (e.g.) Feed in Tariffs and/r Premiums): FITs are presently envisaged fr RES installatins with a maximum f up t 50MW, hwever, presently they have nt yet be adpted as fllwing a perid f thrugh analysis and cnsultatin by ERA; Egyptian Regulatry Agency- a plitical decisin t adpt them is presently still pending. Premiums are nt freseen. It is envisaged that they will be applied in parallel with the first 250 MW BOO cmpetitive bidding prject taking its tariff as a guidance. The first 250 MW BOO prject is expected t be finalized arund 2013/2014. A master study plan fr renewable energy in Egypt that is prepared and it cvers till 2025 and cncentrates in the first phase n wind and slar energy nly. The secnd phase cvers the remaining RES resurces (Bimass Bifuels Gethermal energy). The scpe f this study plan includes the fllwing: Assessment f ecnmic pssibilities fr wind & slar energy and the mst imprtant challenges that face the deplyment f renewable energy n a large scale (technical, financial, and legislative challenges etc ) The integratin f slar and wind frms with natinal grid. Plicies and prcedures f technlgy transfer in rder t supprt the lcal manufacturing f renewable energy equipment (the private sectr rle in technlgy transfer setting sme targets & trying t achieve it). Supprt f institutinal framewrk fr wind & slar energy. Egypt Ministry f Electricity submitted 3 prjects prpsals t the secretariat f the Mediterranean Unin t be implemented thrugh the plan, as fllws:- 1) Cntributin in the financing f pwer plant prject with capacity abut 220 MW in Km Omb ((Km Omb PV1). 2) Financing a feasibility study fr 200 MW wind pwer plant in West Nile (West Nile Wind Farm II) 3) Finance a feasibility study fr 500 MW slar thermal pwer plants in Km Omb ((Km Omb CSP2).

7 1.5 Questinnaire Results T which f these gegraphical areas des yur Administratin belng? MED AREA 67 ENPI CBC MED 33 What is yur rle within the Administratin? Plitical and institutinal area 33 Prfessinal areas (fficers, directrs, technicians, etc.) 67 D yu think that the infrmatin n renewable energy is adequately cnveyed in yur cuntry? Yes 33 N 67 T what stakehlders is yur Administratin s strategy fr sustainable energy develpment addressed? Nn-prfit rganizatins Lcal enterprises 44 Assciatins and prfessinal bdies Citizens Is yur Administratin already engaged in the develpment f specific actins fr the supprt and prmtin f sustainable energy? N Yes; it has recently started wrking n this field 44 Yes; hwever the results are still nt sufficient 56 Yes, it has reached a satisfactry level and it prgresses apprpriately Yur Administratin s strategy n sustainable energy is mainly linked/crdinated by: (max. tw answers) State/prvincial gvernment Natinal gvernment/federal gvernment 89

8 Supranatinal institutin 11 In yur cuntry, are there ecnmic incentives fr the installatin f slar energy systems? N Yes, nly fr phtvltaic systems 56 Yes, nly fr slar thermal systems 22 Yes, bth fr phtvltaic and slar thermal systems 22 If yes, please prvide a list f the thse incentives In yur cuntry, are there rules r general requirements in the building regulatins cncerned with renewable energy? N, there are n rules r general requirements 22 Yes, there are rules addressing energy efficiency 78 Yes, there are rules n the use and disseminatin f renewable energy surces (particularly slar energy) 78 Building regulatins and territrial planning include bligatins aimed at accelerating energy saving and/r the develpment f renewable surces? N Yes 100 Have slar cling systems been installed by yur Administratin? (each air-cnditining system cling that uses slar energy) Yes N 100 Has yur Administratin ever (r sub-cntracted the installatin) installed phtvltaic systems n public buildings? N Yes 100 (indicate hw many kw) abut 1000 Has yur Administratin ever (r sub-cntracted the installatin) installed slar thermal systems n public buildings?

9 N 100 Yes (indicate hw many mq) There exist in yur Administratin the figure f Energy Manager? (prfessinal agent whse jb is t analyze and ptimize the energy cnsumptins f the cmpanies, bth public and private) Yes 67 N 33 On which kind f energy surces will yur cuntry mainly fcus in the next five years? (max tw answers) Hydrelectric Gethermal Wind energy 78 Slar energy 11 Nuclear energy 11 Fssil fuels What is yur pinin regarding the feasibility f in the territry cvered by yur Administratin t switch t slar energy in: (max tw answers) Bureaucratically difficult 16 Technically cmplex 28 Ecnmically wasteful 56 Envirnmentally cnvenient Ecnmically cnvenient Which are the main barriers t prmte slar energy in the territry cvered by yur Administratin: (max tw answers) Lack f the technical staff 11 Funding t implement actins 67 Decisin-making pwer 22 Establish a dialgue with the natinal gvernment Administrative prcedures

10 1.6 SWOT analysis and results HELPFUL (T achieving the bjective) STRENGHTS HARMFUL (T achieving the bjective) WEAKNESSES INTERNAL ORIGIN The slar atlas is prepared fr the electricity and are made at a lw price fr (100 US $each) Eligibility fr CDM financing. Third Party Access cde was prepared by the regulatry agency, subject t apprval if its bard f directrs It is being prpsed by the electric regulatry agency t exempt RE prjects frm wheeling charges In 2020, nly slar energy cntributin t the 20 RE is It means abut 2.32 f the ttal pwer generated. N clear statement fr slar cling systems are planned t be runs by Lack f funding OPPORTUNITIES THREATS EXTERNAL ORIGIN Diversifying the energy supply resurces by increasing the renewable energy (RE) surces such as slar, wind and bimass. Maximizing the share f (RE) in the energy mix. Gradual reductin f subsidizing energy end-use prices. Raising awareness f end-users n the benefits f renewable energy. Planned future mix f renewable and fssil fuels. Satisfy 20 f the generated electricity by renewable energies by 2020, including 12 frm wind energy, i.e., reaching mre than 7200 MW grid-cnnected wind farms (abut 600 MW wind farms annually). Increasing the cntributin f renewable energy in the electric energy mix t meet the grwing demand. Saving the fssil fuels fr exprt and fr future generatins needs. Exprting clean energy generated frm Wind and Slar t Eurpe via reginal intercnnectin links Trading the emissin reductins. The wind energy has the highest pririty fr 2020 as the resurces are exists in Egypt. Instead f Egypt is ne f the sunbelt cuntries that enjys ne f the largest ptentials f slar energy applicatins the slar energy utilizatin is ranked number 2 in the natinal pririty f RE utilizatin. 1.7 Glbal cnclusins fr the plicy acceleratr in Egypt. Frm the SOWA analysis the slar sectr pint in Egypt strengths are: The slar atlas is prepared fr the electricity and are made, Eligibility fr CDM financing. Third Party Access cde was prepared by the regulatry agency, subject t apprval if its bard f directrs. It is being prpsed by the electric regulatry agency t exempt RE prjects frm wheeling charges. The citizens are NREA main stakehlders, feed-in Tariffs are under preparatin, n internal tax benefits are prvided t RE prjects and Land fr large-scale slar prjects is allcated fr private develpment. While the Weaknesses are: In 2020, nly slar energy cntributin t the 20 RE is It means abut 2.32 f the ttal pwer generated. N clear statement fr slar cling systems are planned t be runs by 2020.

11 2. The SHAAMS ENTERPRISE RESEARCH ACCELERATOR in Egypt 2.1 The R&D fr energy and the slar market in Egypt In Egypt there are Many Natinal Research Labs wrking with R&D fr slar energy utilizatin sectr. There are many expertise and specialist n the field f R&D fr slar energy systems. Als, R&D Organizatin defined the technlgy needs t wrk under Egypt cnditins. The cmmn slar energy equipment in Egypt market is the Slar Thermal Water Heaters. The ttal installed area in Egypt is abut 750 thusand m 2. There are abut 20 Egyptian cmpanies wrking in the field f manufacturing, imprting, distributin and installatin f slar water heaters. Currently, there is a trend fr cperatin with the turism sectr t explre the pssibility f spreading the use f Renewable Energy applicatins in turist cities, including increase the use f slar heaters in Htels and Turist Villages. Disseminating Slar Water Heaters Prject in Htels lcated in Red Sea and Suth Sinai Gvernrates. The prject is implemented in c-peratin between Egyptian Gvernment, Italian Gvernment and the United Natins Envirnment Prgram (UNEP). The prject aims t implement a mechanism that supprt financing the disseminatin f slar water heaters in htels & resrts in Red Sea and Sinai Gvernrates with ttal cst f 500,000 US Dllar. 2.2 Ecnmic, market and financial barriers and facilitatrs t the strategy implementatin Due t shrtage in energy generated frm fssil fuels (the demand higher the prductin), therefre, fr large scale slar energy utilizatin prjects, sme prvide sectrs shw there interest in investments in slar pwer generatin, hwever, the prduced pwer until nw cannt be cnnected t the natinal grid. While, fr public market still the Capital cst is high cmpared by Cst Efficiency, therefre there are limited markets fr manufacturing. Als, Egypt Ministry f Husing issued new regulatin cncerning mandatry f utilizatin f DWH systems in new buildings. 2.3 Questinnaire Results 1- Are yu aware f yur cuntry s plicy/legislatin n slar energy systems? a. Yes 30 b. N What type f slar energy systems yu knw abut Phtvltaic 42 Passive heat 16 Slar thermal What type f slar energy subjects yu are interested in? a. R&D in slar energy 46 b. Prmtin f slar energy 31 c. Trading slar energy systems D yu have links t slar energy Labs? a. Yes

12 i. In-huse 46 ii. Outsurced 15 b. N Have yu adpted r used slar energy systems in yur rganizatin? a. Yes 31 b. N Have yu implemented r been part f a slar energy subsidized/grant prgram? (internatinal dnrs r gvernment) a. Yes 23 b. N D yu have the intentin t invest in a slar energy prject/prgram/system r upgrade an already existing ne? a. Yes 15 b. N Please define the tw main difficulties in implementing slar energy system in yur rganizatin a. Legislatin b. Lack f Capital 30 c. Cst Efficiency 26 d. Lack staff expertise 26 e. Availability f Labs equipment 18 f. Lack f Technlgy g. Lack f knwledge 9- D yu wrk with experts r specialists utside yur rganizatin n Slar system? a. Yes 31 b. N Hw many amng yur rganizatin s staff are specialized n slar systems? 11- What is yur initial amunt yu invested t implement slar energy system in yur rganizatin? a. Yes b. N What is the surce f funding f yur rganizatin s slar energy system? a. Capital b. Lan c. Grant 39 d. Natinal supprt scheme 53 e. Other Des yur rganizatin have any link r cperatin with public institutins r gvernmental agencies n the subject f slar energy? a. Yes 31 b. N 69

13 14- Is there any natinal r EU based supprt institutins n slar energy subject? a. Yes 46 b. N D yu have any future plans n implementing slar energy slutins? a. Yes 31 b. N What kind f private/public initiative d yu think can be relevant t cver yur rganisatin needs? 1) Technlgy transfer event 31 2) Scuting f technlgy 31 3) Be t be event 4) Training initiatives 23 5) Market place Hw des the rganisatin rganize the cmmercializatin prcess with respect t: a) Licensing: b) Start-up r spin-ff: c) There is nt a cmmercializatin prcess identified 100 Is there in yur rganisatin an ffice/persn actively invlved in facilitating technical, entrepreneurial and financial supprt? a) yes 31 b) n SWOT Analysis HELPFUL (T achieving the bjective) HARMFUL (T achieving the bjective) INTERNAL ORIGIN EXTERNAL ORIGIN There are many natinal expertise and specialist n slar energy utilizatin systems R&D Organizatin define the technlgy needs t wrk under Egypt cnditins Many Natinal Research Labs wrking with R&D in slar energy utilizatin sectr Existence f the institute f pririty right and innvatin technlgy Due t shrtage in energy generated frm fssil fuels (the demand higher than the prductin), therefre, fr large scale slar energy utilizatin prjects, sme prvide sectrs shw there willing investments in slar pwer generatin, hwever, the prduced pwer until nw cannt be cnnected t the natinal grid. Egypt Ministry f Husing issued new regulatin cncerning mandatry f utilizatin f DWH systems in new buildings. Lack f funding fr R&D slar system sustainability after the main fund is ver. The slar energy research sectr is nly supprted by the funding authrities in frm f research grant t encurage the develpment f slar energy systems - Fr public market still the Capital cst is high cmpared by Cst Efficiency, therefre there are limited markets fr manufacturing.

14 2.5 Reginal Cnclusins Frm the SOWA analysis fr situatin f the R&D and slar market in Egypt strengths are: There are many natinal expertise and specialist n slar energy systems. R&D Organizatin defined the technlgy needs t wrk under Egypt cnditins. Many Natinal Research Labs wrking with R&D in slar energy utilizatin sectr. Existence f the institute f pririty right and innvatin technlgy While the Weaknesses are: Lack f funding fr R&D slar system sustainability after the main fund is ver. The slar energy research sectr is nly supprted by the funding authrities in frm f research grant t encurage the develpment f slar energy systems. Opprtunities Egypt Ministry f Husing issued new regulatin cncerning mandatry f utilizatin f DWH systems in new buildings. Shrtage in the energy generated frm fssil fuels (the demand higher the prductin) Threats are: Fr public market still the Capital cst is high cmpared by Cst Efficiency, therefre there are limited markets fr manufacturing.

15 3. The SHAAMS SOCIAL ACCELERATOR in Egypt 3.1 Public awareness n the slar sectr in Egypt Cperatin between Ministry f Electricity and Energy and Ministry f Husing is prepared fr develping the regulatin fr the disseminating installatin f slar water heaters in new buildings. Biblitheca f Alexandria launches in the perid frm 17 February t 24 March 2013 series f educatinal seminars under the title "New trends in nuclear and renewable energy, and its applicatins in Egypt." These seminars aim t spread public awareness f the imprtance f finding alternative surces f energy, nt nly fr the purpse f cnfrnting the current energy surces, but als fr the purpse f devising mdern methds nn-plluting. These lectures by elite f Egyptian scientists in the field f new and renewable energy and SHAAMS Egypt prject manager are ne f lecturers in this series. On the demand side, there is a lack f awareness amng the general public cupled with lack f any market incentive prgrams fr ptential cnsumers. This, in additin t the subsidized cnventinal surces f energy, is limiting significantly the cmpetitiveness f slar energy utilizatin equipment in the market. Public awareness abut renewable energy is necessary and the sectr wuld benefit frm an independent energy advisry bard, a fully independent renewable energy authrity and specialized energy study institutes. 3.2 Barriers and Facilitatrs fr the scial apprehensin f slar sectr slutins The facilitatrs fr the scial apprehensin f slar sectr slutins are: The gvernments f Egypt have taken step t reduce energy pverty ver the last year, mainly fcusing n the decrease f subsidies fr liquid petrleum gas LPG and hme electrical cnsumptin. The barriers fr the scial apprehensin f slar sectr slutins are: 1 - Financial and ecnmic barriers One f the biggest barriers is subsidizes t ther energy surces frm fssil fuels including petrleum prducts and natural gas used in electricity generatin as well as the electricity subsidy itself. T illustrate this pint, we will shw, fr example slar water heaters the supprt fr the natural gas have a direct negative impact as mst f the residential units in Egypt majr cities cnnected t natural gas netwrk, which is expanding rapidly. In additin t the fact that the investment cst f renewable energy systems are high cmpared with ther energy systems. This pairing rise at a lw cst fr the perating expenses fr fuel is nt used, but because f lw fuel prices due t fade subsides. Als, at the level f lw-incme cnsumers they prefer t pay lw initial cst f either gas r electric water heaters because f its ffset lw running cst due t subsides rather than the lng term t buy slar water heaters. This prcess is still in the under grwth in Egypt. 2- Technical barriers

16 The standers are nt applied, fr example, traded slar energy systems fr hme use with lw quality and nt prviding after-sales services and regular maintenance services lead t discredit renewable energy systems as a whle. 3- Barriers in the market This type f barriers was appeared in 2006, as befre 2006 there was a cnsistent pattern f lwer prices f slar energy systems in the market, which reduces their investment cst. This was accmpanied by an increase in these systems prductivity, which led t a decrease in the cst f the kilwatt-hur generated frm slar energy surces thrughut their wrking life. In 2006, prices f slar energy equipment started t increase and reached t 60. The reasns behind this increase is nt knwn it's likely that the sudden increase in il prices led t an increase in glbal demand fr slar energy systems fllwed by raising their prices. Hwever, this phenmenn did nt cntinue as the price f slar energy technlgies in a steady decline in the previus perid as well as the increase in their efficiencies. 4- Barriers t awareness and disseminatin f infrmatin The limited awareness prgrams and training prepared by the New and Renewable Energy Agency in Egypt as well as the feasibility studies fr slar energy systems has significant impact t raise awareness and t increase the use f slar energy resurces. This is nt at the wider public level and there is still much rm fr expansin in this effrt t reach a larger number f peple spreading the use f slar energy. Questinnaire Results 1. Regarding the cuntry yu are living in : what d yu think is the actual percentage f renewable energy f the ttal energy prductin Less than Between 10 and Between 40 and 70 0 Between 70 and Regarding the cuntry yu are living in: what d yu think is the actual percentage f slar energy f the ttal renewable energy prductin? Less than Between 10 and Between 40 and Between 70 and When talking abut slar energy we have t distinguish between three main types described belw. Which f these types yu think shuld be given pririty. Please rate frm 1 (nt imprtant) t 3 (very imprtant): Phtvltaic energy (PV): Uses energy frm the sun t create electricity t run appliances and lighting. A phtvltaic system requires nly daylight nt direct sunlight t generate electricity. Passive heat: This is heat which we receive frm the sun naturally. This can be taken int accunt in the design f buildings s that less additinal heating is required. Slar thermal: Uses the sun s heat t prvide ht water fr hmes r swimming pls (als heating systems)

17 4. Regarding the cuntry yu are living in: what kind f energy mix wuld yu like t see in twenty years? 100 renewable energy renewable energy renewable energy renewable energy 8 Less than 25 renewable energy 5. Regarding the situatin in yur cuntry: what wuld yu say are the main barriers which hamper a further develpment f renewable energy slutins? Please rate frm 1 (nt imprtant) t 5 (very imprtant): Lack f infrmatin f civil sciety Lack f pressure frm civil sciety t further develp renewable energies Lack f plitical will f decisin makers Lack f willingness f business sectr Lack f freign investment Lack f sufficient renewable energy surces 6. D yu think that the prductin f renewable energy is in general mre expensive than the prductin f energy based n fssil r nuclear surces? Yes 56 N 28 Dn t knw D yu think that yu have enugh knwledge and infrmatin abut hw t save energy at hme r at yur wrking place? Yes 60 N Climate Change is cnsidered ne f the greatest envirnmental and ecnmic challenges f the 21th century. Regarding yur cuntry, d yu think that this threat is taken seriusly int cnsideratin when decisin makers decide abut the best energy slutins fr the cuntry? Yes 16 N 68 Dn t knw What d yu think yu culd d t influence the discussin and decisin making prcess regarding the future energy plicy in yur cuntry? Yu may chse mre than ne ptin. Participate in public hearings and rundtables n energy issues 40 Participate in campaigns r educatin activities 28 Cllabrate with a plitical party 20 Cllabrate with a NGO 12 Others: Did yu ever heard f Earth Hur r any ther campaign dealing with Climate Change and/r renewable energies Yes, I have heard abut the Earth Hur Campaign 52

18 N, but I have heard abut ther campaigns (please specify if pssible): 0 N SWOT Analysis The barriers and facilitatrs identified in the previus chapter can be simplified in the fllwing SWOT table HELPFUL (T achieving the bjective) HARMFUL (T achieving the bjective) INTERNAL ORIGIN Willing f the public t have higher percentage f RE sharing in pwer prductin. Willing f the public t have higher percentage f slar energy share in RE in pwer prductin. There are very limited awareness prgrams and training amng the general public cupled with lack f any market incentive prgrams fr ptential cnsumers EXTERNAL ORIGIN Feasibility studies annunced fr public fr slar energy systems can have significant impact n raising the awareness and t increase the use f slar energy resurces The capital cst f renewable energy systems are high cmpared with ther energy fssil systems 3.4 Reginal cnclusins Frm the SOWA analysis fr situatin f scial acceleratr in Egypt strengths are: The willing f the public t have higher percentage f RE sharing in pwer prductin, mrever, willing t have higher percentage f slar energy share in RE pwer prductin. While the Weaknesses are: The capital cst f renewable energy systems are high cmpared with ther energy fssil systems Opprtunities: The gvernments f Egypt have taken step t reduce energy pverty ver the last year, mainly fcusing n the decrease f subsidies fr liquid petrleum gas LPG and hme electrical cnsumptin Threats are: Very limited awareness prgrams and training amng the general public cupled with lack f any market incentive prgrams fr ptential cnsumers.

19 4. SHAAMS cmmn indicatrs fr the sectrs analysis. Indicatr Categry Exists by end f 2011 Exists by end f 2012 Regin f reference: Egypt Surce: Slar thermal pwer 1 1 Slar thermal applicatin in 1-Nº f ht water, slar 2 2 space heating, systems in drying, slar Egypt cling Slar PV systems Ttal investments in slar energy in Egypt 3 Ttal slar energy prductin in Egypt Installed pwer per capita Grant schemes t supprt private investments N f slar systems in public buildings Mney invested n raising awareness (training, cmmunicatin) Which technlgy des the state supprt? Ttal energy generated frm the slar energy Nt Nt Nt Nt PV and Slar thermal Nt Nt Nt Nt Nt PV and Slar thermal Nt Exists by end f 2013 Exists by end f 2014 Exists by end f the prject Ntes