Dr. John E. Petersen Director Environmental Studies Program, Oberlin College. Andrew decoriolis Director of Campus Projects, Lucid Design Group

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1 Using Buildings to Teach Environmental Stewardship: Real-time Display of Environmental Performance as a Mechanism for Engaging, Educating, Motivating & Empowering Campus Communities Dr. John E. Petersen Director Environmental Studies Program, Oberlin College Andrew decoriolis Director of Campus Projects, Lucid Design Group

2 Trends in Building Management & Education 1. Green construction, technologies and facilities management 2. Educational initiatives focused on occupants Occupant behavior as critical component of management Educational value financial returns Summer Winter

3 Ecological Impact of Buildings Inputs Outputs Energy Energy Matter Matter U.S. Buildings: 37% total energy Annual student consumption at Oberlin 67% electricity it 8,000 kwh electricity 12% fresh water 3 tons coal for heating 35% CO 2 23,000 cf natural gas 9% global CO 2 18,000 gal water 15 tons CO 2e

4 Buildings & Campus as Ecological Systems Natural Ecosystem Matter Built Environment Matter Matter Energy Energy Energy Ecological design: design of human systems that mimic desirable properties p of natural ecosystems Solar powered Material recycling Developmental trajectories towards increased efficiency Regulation via dynamic feedback Question: How can we use real-time feedback displays of Q p y the environmental performance of buildings to engage, educate, motivate and empower students to be better stewards of the bioregion?

5 Case Studies in Real-Time Display 1. Research at Oberlin a. Lewis Center for Environmental Studies Green buildings b. Campus Resource Monitoring System Brown Buildings c. SEED House Total GHG emissions monitoring d. Great Lakes Project Multiple sources, modes and scales of feedback 2. Building Dashboards on other campuses what s been done/found? 3. Campus Conservation Nationals Between school competitions Bowdoin Matter College Occupants Choices Energy Impacts

6 a) Lewis Center for Environmental Studies Architectural goals: A building that teaches environmental stewardship A building that would cause no ugliness, human or ecological, somewhere else or at some later time (Orr, 1998)

7 Key ecological design features Material recycling Ecological Recycled content Sustainable harvest Low toxicity Products of service Living Machine Integrated landscape Restored native ecosystems Permaculture Energy efficiency Enhanced thermal envelope Ground source heat pump Efficient appliances Smart building controls Solar Natural lighting Passive heating and ventilation 160 kw grid-integrated photovoltaics Material thru-flow cycling Technological recycling

8 Key ecological design features Material recycling Recycled content Sustainable harvest Low toxicity Products of service Living Machine Integrated landscape Restored native ecosystems Permaculture Energy efficiency Enhanced thermal envelope Ground source heat pump Efficient appliances Smart building controls Solar Natural lighting Passive heating and ventilation 160 kw grid-integrated photovoltaics

9 Key ecological design features Material recycling Recycled content Sustainable harvest Low toxicity Products of service Living Machine Integrated landscape Restored native ecosystems Permaculture Energy efficiency Enhanced thermal envelope Ground source heat pump Efficient appliances Smart building controls Solar Natural lighting Passive heating and ventilation 160 kw grid-integrated photovoltaics

10 Key ecological design features Material recycling Recycled content Sustainable harvest Low toxicity Products of service Living Machine Integrated landscape Restored native ecosystems Permaculture Energy efficiency Enhanced thermal envelope Ground source heat pump Efficient appliances Smart building controls Solar Natural lighting Passive heating and ventilation 160 kw grid-integrated photovoltaics Winter Summer

11 Data monitoring and display system: Goals: Render performance of green technologies visible, engaging and easily accessible to a non-technical audience Quantify and improve ecological performance over time Approach: Sensors Data acquisition devices Server Web & Lobby displays

12 Scope of monitoring in the AJLC >170 sensors in building & landscape Weather PV production and end-use consumption Building and HVAC temperatures Water flow Water quality and metabolism Soil moisture & temperature Cistern and pond water storage

13 Real-time display and access Lobby display and touch-screen kiosk Website display Downloadable data

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16 Impact of AJLC data system Display extensively used for education Data have been used for research to improve performance Smart building and academic function limit potential for local behavior to affect performance Automated sensors Server Kiosk & Web AJLC Matter Knowledge, Attitude & Behavior Energy Research x Missing Feedback

17 Prior Research on Residential Feedback ~50% of residential electricity us is discretionary (lifestyle) Addition of feedback ~5-15% electricity savings Premise: Sophisticated, multimodal, socially and environmentally contextualized displays may increase impact Key features of contextualization: Real-time Socially comparative within monitored entities and among groups Empathetically connects decision-making to nature, community and future generations Engaging, Educational, Motivational and Empowering Occupants Choices Impacts

18 b) Campus Resource Monitoring System Goal: Render environmental consequences of behavior choices immediately visible to dormitory residents and situate these in comparative & competitive social context Feedback Concept: 1. Monitor electricity and water use in dormitories 2. Contextualize information 3. Combine real-time feedback with competition Occupants Behavioral Choices Information Conduit Environmental & Economic Costs Monitoring Device

19 Web Interface (

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22 Implementation: Web Interface

23 Published Findings (2007) Feedback + education + incentives reduced electricity use 56% for dorms with real-time 2-wk total savings 70,000 kwh $5, ,000 lbs of CO 2 60% 40% 20% * * FR Reductions in Electricity Use FR UP Feedback actively utilized 0% -20% >4,000 website hits, 46% from dorm rooms Dorms Included in Study UP Survey results suggest active learning Feedback + incentives self-education 52% will continue energy strategies 45% motivated to conserve by real-time data in absence of competition

24 Findings from 3 subsequent competitions No seasonal effect on electricity in dorms Significant reduction in electricity use occurs during competitions (>10%) Reductions are sustained during post competition period Upper class dorms seem to have lower energy use than lower class dorms (but reduce less during the competition) % reduction during competitions positively related to social cohesion and connectedness to nature but not related to energy knowledge Average e whole-dorm electricity (k kw) Before Fall Break After Fall Break Before Spring Break Competition After Competition

25 c) SEED House Display system goals: Feature greenhouse gasses as a unifying display currency Ultra-high resolution feedback on occupant behavior Approach: Separately monitor water, electricity and gas to each side of duplex Separately monitor electricity and temperature in each room Develop web site and orbs that displays total carbon emissions

26 SEED House Blog (

27 d) Great Lakes Protection Project Goals: Provide residential and commercial building occupants in multiple contexts with resource use feedback Employ and assess multiple scales, multiple sources and multiple modes of feedback Develop approach that can be deployed throughout Great Lakes communities Occupants Choices Impacts Project Collaborators:

28 Approach: Multi-Scale feedback 1. Monitor utility use in residences & businesses 2. Monitor impacts on watershed and electrical grid 3. Process and contextualize e information o 4. Provide real-time feedback to consumers Occupants Decisions Environmental Conditions Translation to Environmental & Economic Costs Automated Monitoring Technology

29 Approach: Multi-Mode feedback 1. Consumer Dashboard website 2. Bioregional Dashboard website 3. Social networking websites and competition module 4. Desktop screen gauges ( widgets, gadgets ) 5. notifications 6. Text messages 7. Environmental orbs 8. Public displays

30 Current research: Dorm Energy Orbs Concept: Develop, deploy and assess impacts of ambient feedback Occupants Choices Approach: Impacts 50% Preliminary findings: 100% 200%

31 Empathetic Gauges Goal: Develop real time gauges most effectively engage and connect users with each other, with resource use and with nature Develop characters and objects that animate the story of resource use Findings for user test Most interesting Face>Orb>>Needle Most personally meaningful Face>Orb>> Needle Most motivating Face = Orb >> Needle

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33 Conclusions from Oberlin Research: 1) Real time feedback in green buildings can be used to enhance educational value of technologies incorporated 2) Socially comparative real-time data feedback in brown buildings allows occupants to teach themselves how to be better environmental stewards ( creates smart people in dumb buildings ) 3) Impact can likely be enhanced through use of multiple currencies, multiple modes and multiple scales of feedback Currencies: Water, Gas, Electricity, Energy, $, GHGs Modes: Internet, Orbs, Public Displays Scale: Room Dorm/House/Business Community Occupants Choices Impacts

34 2. Building Dashboards in Higher Education Real-time monitoring as a classroom teaching tool Engaging students in campus organizing and conservation behaviors Involving students in authentic research

35 Real Time Feedback in the Classroom Integrating data and authentic research into the curriculum (and in classes for non majors) Interdisciplinary (being used in physics, earth sciences, math, psychology, building sciences) Context specific data relevant to students Classroom exercises that are more than hypothetical, and lead to students asking additional questions Essay yprompt: p Review the resource consumption in your residence hall. Describe the patterns you are seeing. How much of what your seeing is due to behavior? What patterns are due to the building infrastructure? How do those things relate?

36 Resource Conservation Through Competitions NRG Games Do It In the Dark PowerLESS Compete to Reduce Energy Battle Whatever the name Whatever the name, the impacts go beyond the kwh conserved

37 Campus Organizing Through Competitions Examples from the field - Deerfield: before and after (relevant technology) - CU Boulder: making climate change local l - Bowdoin College: peer-peer education - BC: grouping matter - CFLs, local food dinners, bingo Feedback is Empowering Unlike organizing for other social/environmental causes, these programs allow people to measure and see the results of their work

38 Behavior Change Research Hamilton College Competition Research Student surveys taken after the 2009 Do It In the Dark competition Positive Results: 98% are apt to turning lights off in dorm rooms 32% reported turning off the lights in the hallways/common rooms, bathrooms, and dorm rooms more often than normal during this period 22% reported turning strips off more often Did you learn any new behaviors that you plan to continue to use? YES: 33% Students can engage in tangible authentic research in a context that matters to them Results are similar to other schools.

39 Campus Resource-use Reduction Competitions Many schools host recurring competitions among dorms Electricity reductions range from 5 to >50% relative to baseline A few energy competitions among campuses Increasing number of schools use real-time feedback Andover Carleton Bowdoin CSU Chico Academy College

40 3. National Competitions Between Schools Partners: The Alliance to Save Energy, National Wildlife Federation, Lucid Design Group, The Ohio Board of Regents. Oberlin College

41 National Competition: Concept Schools compete to reduce water and electricity use in residence halls Freely available interface allows schools to join, view status, configure competitions and upload manually collected data Concurrent competitions for multiple scales and groupings Dorms compete within each school Schools compete for best dorms and best average of dorms Rival dorms, schools and organizations compete in self-defined groupings Pilot competition for Ohio and California schools Nov 1-19, 2010

42 National Competition: Goals Engage, Educate, Motivate & Empower Conservation Build communities within and across campuses around resource conservation. Provide a context in which students teach themselves conservation behaviors that they can employ in the home and workplace in the future. Educate students around energy and water conservation and sustainability Achieve measurable resource savings (kwh, gallons, GHGs) Enable students to develop leadership and community organizing skills.

43 Resources Consumed in Campus Buildings Climate Action Plans context

44 Transforming Culture

45 How it works. technology

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47 How it works. technology

48 How it works. technology

49 How it works. technology

50 How it works. technology

51 How it works.

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53 Campus Conservation Nationals Partners

54 Andrew decoriolis Customer Programs Manager Lucid Design Group x22 office Cell John Petersen Dr. John E. Petersen Associate Professor of Environmental Studies and Biology Director Environmental Studies Program Oberlin College edu