User Manual WCR-GN AirStation N Technology Wireless N150 Router, Access Point, & Bridge

Transcription

1 User Manual WCR-GN AirStation N Technology Wireless N150 Router, Access Point, & Bridge ver.04

2 Contents Chapter 1 - Product Overview...5 Features... 5 Air Navigator CD Requirements Mbps High Speed Mode... 6 Package Contents... 7 Hardware Overview... 8 Front Panel LED's... 8 Back Panel Bottom Right Side Chapter 2 - Placing Your AirStation...13 Vertical Placement Horizontal Placement Chapter 3 - Installation...15 Automatic Setup Manual Setup WDS Setup Automatic Setup WDS Setup (Manual) Chapter 4 - Configuration...23 Accessing the Web-based Configuration Interface Configuration Menu (Router Mode) Configuration Menu (Bridge Mode) Setup WCR-GN User Manual 1

3 Internet/LAN (LAN Config) Internet (Router Mode only) PPPoE (Router Mode only) DDNS (Router Mode only) LAN DHCP Lease (Router Mode only) NAT (Router Mode only) Route Wireless Config WPS AOSS Basic Advanced WMM MAC Filter WDS (Bridge Mode only) Security (Router Mode only) Firewall (Router Mode only) IP Filter (Router Mode only) VPN Pass-Through (Router Mode only) LAN Config (Router Mode only) Port Forwarding (Router Mode only) DMZ (Router Mode only) UPnP (Router Mode only) QoS (Router Mode only) Admin Config Name Password Time/Date NTP Access Log Save/Restore Initialize/Restart WCR-GN User Manual 2

4 Update Diagnostic System Info Logs Packet Info Client Monitor Ping Chapter 5 - Connect to a Wireless Network...77 Automatic Secure Setup (AOSS/WPS) Windows 7 or Vista (Client Manager V) Windows XP (Client Manager 3) Other Devices (e.g. Game Consoles) Chapter 6 - Troubleshooting...85 Cannot connect to the Internet over wired connection Cannot access the web-based configuration interface Cannot connect to the network wirelessly You forgot AirStation's SSID, Encryption Key, or Password The link speed is slower than 150 Mbps (Maximum link speed is only 72Mbps) Other Tips Appendix A - Specifications...90 Appendix B - Default Configuration Settings...91 Appendix C - TCP/IP Settings in Windows...96 Windows Windows Vista WCR-GN User Manual 3

5 Windows XP Appendix D - Restoring the Default Configuration Appendix E - Regulatory Compliance Information Appendix F - Environmental Information Appendix G - GPL Information Appendix H - Warranty Information WCR-GN User Manual 4

6 Chapter 1 - Product Overview Features Supports IEEE802.11n and IEEE802.11b/g With support for Wireless-N, Wireless-G, and Wireless-B standards, the AirStation can transfer data to and from all standard 2.4 GHz wireless clients. Supports WDS WDS bridging allows multiple units to operate in a bridged network for extended coverage. Dual speed mode Dual speed mode makes wireless transmission faster by using 2 channels, allowing 150 Mbps data transmission. Support AOSS and WPS Both AOSS (AirStation One-touch Secure System) and WPS (Wi-Fi Protected Setup) are supported. These automatic connection standards make connection with compatable wireless devices easier. Security Features The AirStation is equipped with the following security features: AOSS WPS WPA-PSK (TKIP/AES) WPA2-PSK(TKIP/AES) WPA/WPA2 mixed PSK WEP(128/64 bit) Privacy Separator MAC address access restriction Deny Any Connection/SSID stealth Web configuration interface with password Firewall with easy rules Automatic Channel Selection Monitors wireless interference and automatically assigns the clearest, best channel. WCR-GN User Manual 5

7 Chapter 1 Product Overview Initialization To restore settings back to the factory defaults, hold down the Reset button on the bottom of the unit. Browser Based Administration This unit can be easily configured from a web browser on your computer. Air Navigator CD Requirements The AirStation wireless router and access point works with most wired and wireless devices. The automatic installation program on the CD requires Windows 7, Vista or XP to run. Client Manager software is included for Windows 7, Vista and XP. The use of other operating systems may require that the AirStation be manually configured from a browser window. 150 Mbps High Speed Mode 150 Mbps is the link speed of WCR-GN when using Wireless-N mode. It represents actual wireless data speeds, including overhead. Because the overhead is not available for user data transfer, usable wireless throughput will be substantially slower. WCR-GN User Manual 6

8 Chapter 1 Product Overview Package Contents Following items are included in your AirStation. If any of the items are missing, please contact your vender. Main unit...1 Stand...1 AC adapter...1 LAN cable...1 AirNavigator CD...1 Quick Setup Guide...1 WCR-GN User Manual 7

9 Chapter 1 Product Overview Hardware Overview Front Panel LED's 1 Flexible antenna Adjust the angle for the best signal as needed. Turning the unit so that the antenna points straight up will probably give the strongest signal. 1 2 Power LED (Green) On: The AC adapter is connected Off: The AC adapter is not connected Security LED (Amber) Indicates security status. Off: Encryption is not set On: Encryption has been set Double blink: The unit is waiting for an AOSS or WPS security key Blinking: AOSS/WPS error; failed to exchange security keys Note: When the Security LED is lit, an encryption key has been set. Wireless clients will need the same key to connect. 4 Wireless LED (Green) Indicates wireless LAN status. Blinking: On: Wireless LAN is transmitting Wireless LAN is connected but not active 5 Router LED (Green) On: Router functionality is enabled Off: Router functionality is disabled 6 Diag LED (Red) This indicates the status of the unit depending on the number of blinks per cycle. Note: When the unit is first turned on or restarted, the Diag LED will blink for almost a minute during boot. This is normal. WCR-GN User Manual 8

10 Chapter 1 Product Overview Diag LED status Meaning Status 2 blinks * 1 Flash ROM error Cannot read or write to the flash memory. 3 blinks * 1 Ethernet (wired) LAN error Ethernet LAN controller is malfunctioning. 4 blinks * 1 Wireless LAN error Wireless LAN controller is malfunctioning. 5 blinks IP address setting error Because the network addresses of both the Ineternet port (INTERNET port) and the LAN port are the same, it is not possible to establish communication. Change the LAN side IP address of this unit. Continuously blinking *2 Updating the firmware Saving settings Initializing settings Updating the firmware. Saving the settings. Initializing the settings. *1 Unplug the AC adapter from the wall socket, wait for a few seconds, and then plug it again. If the light still flashes, please contact technical support. *2 Never unplug the AC adapter while the Diag LED is blinking continuously. WCR-GN User Manual 9

11 ADSS Chapter 1 Product Overview Back Panel 7 AOSS Button Hold down this button until the Security LED flashes (about 1 second), while the unit s power is on, initiates AOSS/WPS mode, allowing the unit to exchange security keys with AOSS or WPS compatible devices. 8 LAN Port Connect your computer, hub, or other Ethernet devices to these ports. This switching hub supports 10 Mbps and 100 Mbps connections. LAN Internet (WAN) Port 10 Mbps and 100 Mbps connections are supported. Note: In bridge/ap mode, the Internet port becomes a regular LAN port, for a total of 5 usable LAN ports. 4 INTERNET POWER Power Connector Connect the included AC adapter. WCR-GN User Manual 10

12 Chapter 1 Product Overview Bottom RESET Reset Button With the power on, hold down this button until the Diag LED comes on to initialize the AirStation s settings to their default values. WCR-GN User Manual 11

13 Chapter 1 Product Overview Right Side Factory Default Settings This sticker shows the AirStation s SSID, default encryption key, and WPS PIN code. By default, encryption key is disabled for Asia Pacific. WCR-GN User Manual 12

14 Chapter 2 - Placing Your AirStation Vertical Placement To place unit vertically, attach the stand as shown below. WCR-GN User Manual 13

15 Horizontal Placement For horzontal placement, the stand is not used. WCR-GN User Manual 14

16 Chapter 3 - Installation Automatic Setup The AirNavigator CD can step you through installing your AirStation. Insert it into your Windows 7, Vista, or Windows XP PC and follow the instructions on the screen. If your computer uses a different operating system, use manual setup instead. Manual Setup To configure your AirStation manually, follow the procedure below. 1 Turn off your computer and modem. If the modem doesn t have an off switch, unplug its power connector. 2) disconnect 1) turn off the computer 2 Find the LAN cable that connects your 2) disconnect modem computer computer and modem. Unplug it from the computer. 3 Plug the LAN cable from the modem into the Internet (WAN) port of your AirStation. Turn on the modem. modem 1) connect LAN cable 2) connect INTERNET port AirStation wireless router (rear side) WCR-GN User Manual 15

17 ADSS LAN INTERNET Chapter 3 Installation 4 Connect your computer to one of the AirStation s LAN ports with the Ethernet cable. Turn on the AirStation, wait one minute, and then turn on your computer. AirStation wireless router (rear side) 1) connect PC Ethernet cable 1) connect 2) connect the power supply power outlet 5 Confirm the devices are connected correctly as the below diagram shows. computer ON modem POWER power outlet 6 Wait for a minute or so, until the AirStation s LEDs are lit as described below: Power Green light is on Wireless Green light is on Router Green light is on Diag Off LAN Green light is on or blinking Internet Green light is on or blinking Refer to page 8 and 10 for LED locations and other details. 7 Launch a web browser. If the [home] setup screen is displayed, setup is complete. If a user name and password screen are displayed, enter [root] (in lower case) for the user name, leave the password blank, and click [OK]. Follow the instructions on the screen to complete setup. You ve completed initial setup of your AirStation. Refer to Chapter 4 for advanced settings. WCR-GN User Manual 16

18 DIAG Chapter 3 Installation WDS Setup The AirNavigator CD can step you through installing multiple AirStations in a WDS bridge. Insert it into your Windows 7, Vista, or Windows XP PC and follow the instructions on the screen. If your computer uses a different operating system, use manual setup instead. POWER SECURITY WEIRELESS ROUTER Internet modem wireless AP Extend the wireless coverage computer computer wireless connection blocked WCR-GN (WDS enabled computer WCR-GN User Manual 17

19 Chapter 3 Installation Automatic Setup 1 Insert the AirNavigator CD into your PC. 2 When the screen below screen appears, click [Start], then [Next]. 3 Choose [WDS Setup]. WCR-GN User Manual 18

20 Chapter 3 Installation 4 When the below screen appears, select [AOSS configuration] or [Manual Configuration] from [Select WDS Setup method]. AirStation will attempt to connect to other wireless APs to set up WDS. If the target wireless AP that supports WDS is a Buffalo AirStation, select [AOSS configuration], then push the AOSS button on the target AP. If the target AP is not a Buffalo AirStation, select [Manual Configuration]. Click [Scan for SSID]. A list of available wireless AP will be generated. Select the target AP s SSID from the list and click [Next] to continue. 5 Step through the wizard to complete the setup. After configuring the WDS bridge with AOSS, any preexisting AOSS wireless clients will be disconnected. Turn to page 77 to reconnect wireless clients with AOSS. WCR-GN User Manual 19

21 Chapter 3 Installation WDS Setup (Manual) To configure the WDS manually, follow the procedure below. 1 Change your computer s IP to a fixed address. For details, please refer to Appendix C (page 96). ex) IP address Subnet mask Default gateway blank Preferred DNS server blank Alternate DNS server blank 2 Turn off your computer. 3 Connect your computer to one of the AirStation s LAN ports with the Ethenet cable. Turn on the AirStation, wait one minute, and then turn on your computer. AirStation wireless router (rear side) 1) connect PC Ethernet cable 1) connect 2) connect the power supply power outlet 4 Wait for about a minute, until the AirStation s LEDs are lit as described below: Power Green light is on Wireless Green light is on Router Green light is on Diag Off Refer to page 8 and 10 for LED locations and other details. WCR-GN User Manual 20

22 Chapter 3 Installation 5 Open the web configuration interface (page 23). 6 In the [Mode information] menu, select [Bridge Mode], then click [Apply]. 7 When this below screen appears, re-enter the web configuration interface username "root" and password. Click [OK]. 8 The web configuration interface will open. Click [Wireless Config], then [WDS]. 9 Check [Use]. 10 Follow the directions below. AOSS Settings Select [AOSS] from [Connection type] and click the AOSS button. Also push the AOSS button on the unit intended to connect. Automatic configuration will take about a minute. To return the unit to its original IP address settings, refer to Appendix C. WCR-GN User Manual 21

23 Chapter 3 Installation Manual Settings Select [Manual] from [Connection type]. Then click [Search]. 11 A list of available wireless APs will be generated. Select the target AP and click [Select]. Click [Search again] if no APs are found. 12 Configure the security settings to match that of the target AP, then click [Apply]. 13 Revert your computer's IP adress settings to their original values as secribed in Appendix C (page 96). ex) IP address Subnet mask obtain an IP address automatically obtain DNS server address automatically WDS setup is complete. Refer to Chapter 4 for advanced settings. WCR-GN User Manual 22

24 Chapter 4 - Configuration To access the AirStation s advanced settings, use the web-based configuration interface. Accessing the Web-based Configuration Interface Follow the procedure below to open the web-based configuration interface. 1 Launch a web browser. 2 Enter the router s LAN-side IP address in the address field, and press the [Enter] key. Note: The AirStation s default LAN-side IP address depends on its mode setting. In router mode: In bridge mode: If you changed the IP address setting, then use the new IP address. 3 Enter [root] (lower case) for the username and the password that you set during initial setup. Click [OK]. Note: By default, the password is blank (not set). If you forget your password, hold down the Reset button (page 11) to initialize all settings. The password will then be blank. Note that all other settings will also revert to their default values. WCR-GN User Manual 23

25 Chapter 4 Configuration 4 The configuration interface is displayed. Help is always displayed on the right side of the configuration interface. Refer to the Help screens for more information on each page. WCR-GN User Manual 24

26 Chapter 4 Configuration Configuration Menu (Router Mode) The menu structure for the AirStation in router mode is the following. Please refer to the pages listed at right for explanations of each item. Main screen Descriptions Page Internet/LAN Internet Configure Internet side port and settings Page 31 PPPoE PPPoE settings (DSL login) Page 32 DDNS DNS settings Page 34 LAN LAN side port and DHCP server configuration Page 36 DHCP Lease DHCP lease settings Page 38 NAT Network address translation settings, used to connect LAN side devices to the Internet Page 39 Route Configure the IP communication route that the AirStation uses Page 40 Wireless Config WPS WPS settings and status Page 41 AOSS AOSS (AirStation One-touch Secure System) settings and status Page 42 Basic Configure basic wireless settings Page 44 Advanced Configure advanced wireless settings Page 48 WMM Set priorities for Wireless Multimedia Extensions (Wi-Fi Multimedia) Page 49 MAC Filter Limit access to specific devices Page 51 Security Firewall Protect your computer from outside intruders Page 54 IP Filter VPN Pass-through LAN Config Edit IP filters which relates to the packets passing through the LAN side and the Internet side Page 56 Configure IPv6 passthrough, PPPoE passthrough, and PPTP passthrough Page 57 Port Forwarding Configure port translation and exceptions for games and other programs Page 58 WCR-GN User Manual 25

27 Chapter 4 Configuration DMZ Configure a destination to transfer communication packets without a LAN side destination. Page 59 UPnP Configure UPnP (Universal Plug and Play) Page 60 QoS Configure priority for packets that require a certain data flow Page 61 Admin Config Name Configure the AirStation s name Page 62 Password Configure the AirStation s login password for access to configuration interfaces Page 63 Time/Date Configure the AirStation s internal clock Page 64 NTP Configure the AirStation to synchronize with an NTP server to automatically set the AirStation s internal clock Page 65 Access Configure access restrictions to the AirStation s configuration interfaces Page 66 Log Configure a syslog server to manage the AirStation s logs Page 67 Save/Restore Save or restore the AirStation s configuration from a configuration file page 68 Initialize/Restart Initialize the AirStation or reboot it Page 69 Update Update the AirStation s firmware Page 70 Diagnostic System Info View current system information for the AirStation Page 71 Logs Check the AirStation s logs Page 73 Packet Info View all packets transferred by the AirStation Page 74 Client Monitor View all devices currently connected to the AirStation Page 75 Ping Test the AirStation s connection to other devices on the network Page 76 Logout Click this to log out of the AirStation s configuration interfaces WCR-GN User Manual 26

28 Chapter 4 Configuration Configuration Menu (Bridge Mode) The menu structure during a bridge mode is the following. Please refer to respective page for explanations regarding to each item. Main screen Descriptions Page LAN Config LAN Configure LAN side ports and devices Page 36 Route Configure the IP communication route that the AirStation uses Page 40 Wireless Config WPS WPS settings and status Page 41 AOSS AOSS (AirStation One-touch Secure System) settings and status Page 42 Basic Configure basic wireless settings Page 44 Advanced Configure advanced wireless settings Page 48 WMM Set priorities for Wireless Multimedia Extensions (Wi-Fi Multimedia) Page 49 MAC Filter Limit access to specific devices Page 51 WDS Configure communication among AirStatiion Page 52 Admin Config Name Configure the AirStation s name Page 62 Password Configure the AirStation s login password for access to configuration interfaces Page 63 Time/Date Configure the AirStation s internal clock Page 64 NTP Configure the AirStation to synchronize with an NTP server to automatically set the AirStation s internal clock Page 65 Access Configure access restrictions to the AirStation s configuration interfaces Page 66 Log Configure a syslog server to manage the AirStation s logs Page 67 Save/Restore Save or restore the AirStation s configuration from a configuration file page 68 Initialize/Restart Initialize the AirStation or reboot it Page 69 Update Update the AirStation s firmware Page 70 Diagnostic System Info View current system information for the AirStation Page 71 Logs Check the AirStation s logs Page 73 Packet Info View all packets transferred by the AirStation Page 74 WCR-GN User Manual 27

29 Chapter 4 Configuration Client Monitor View all devices currently connected to the AirStation Page 75 Ping Test the AirStation s connection to other devices on the network Page 76 Logout Click this to log out of the AirStation s configuration interfaces WCR-GN User Manual 28

30 Chapter 4 Configuration Setup The home page of the configuration interface. You can verify settings and the status of the AirStation here. Parameter Internet/LAN (LAN Config) Wireless Config Security LAN Config Meaning Click this tab to display the configuration interface for the Internet port and LAN ports. Click this tab to display the configuration interface for wireless settings. Click this tab to display the configuration interface for security. Click this tab to display the configuration interface to open ports for games and applications. WCR-GN User Manual 29

31 Chapter 4 Configuration Parameter Admin Config Diagnostic Easy Setup Mode Information Internet Information Router mode only Check Connection Router mode only Refresh Router mode only Wireless AOSS WPS Language Logout Meaning Click this tab to display the configuration interface which is related to the administration of the AirStation. Click this tab to display the status of the AirStation. Enable you to configure the AirStation easily such as an encryption method of the wireless signal or changing a wireless channel. Switches router mode and bridge mode. Displays the current information where the AirStation is connected on the Internet side. Clicking this button to check if the AirStation is connected to the Internet properly. Clicking this button to refresh the current screen. Displays the current wireless settings. Click this button to display the AOSS configuration interface. Click this button to display the WPS configuration interface. Enable you to select the language you use. If Auto is selected, the same language displayed on the browser will be selected automatically. Log out from the configuration interface of the AirStation. If the web configuration interface is not used for 5 minutes, it will log out automatically. WCR-GN User Manual 30

32 Chapter 4 Configuration Internet/LAN (LAN Config) Internet (Router Mode only) Configure the Internet (WAN) port here. Parameter Method of Acquiring IP Address Default Gateway Address of DNS Name Server Internet MAC Address MTU size of Internet Port Meaning Specify how the Internet side IP address is obtained. Configure an IP address for the default gateway. Specify an IP address of the DNS server. Configure the Internet side MAC address. Note: Configuring an improper MAC address may make the AirStation unusable. Be carefull! The Internet (WAN) port s MTU size may be set to any value from 578 to 1500 bytes. WCR-GN User Manual 31

33 Chapter 4 Configuration PPPoE (Router Mode only) Configure PPPoE settings here. Parameter Name of Connection User Name Password Service Name Connection Type Meaning Enter the name to identify the connected destination. You may enter up to 32 alphanumerical characters and symbols. Set the user name which is specified by your provider, used for a PPPoE certification. You may enter up to 32 alphanumerical characters and symbols. Set the password specified by your provider for PPPoE certification. You may enter up to 32 alphanumerical characters and symbols. Fill in this field only when your provider specifies a Service Name. Leave blank otherwise. You may enter up to 32 alphanumerical characters and symbols. Specifies the timing for the AirStation to connect to your provider. WCR-GN User Manual 32

34 Chapter 4 Configuration Parameter Automatic disconnection Meaning Sets the timer for disconnection if the connection method is set to [Connect on Demand] or [Manual]. You can enter up to 1440 minutes. Authorization Configure an authorization method with a provider. MTU Size The PPPoE MTU size may be set to any value from 578 to MRU size Keep Alive The PPPoE MRU (Maximum Receive Unit) size may be set to any value from 578 to If enabled, the AirStation will request an LCP echo from the PPP server once a minute. If the connection server doesn't respond within 6 minutes, the Internet connection will be cut off. If the PPP connection is often cut off, disable this. WCR-GN User Manual 33

35 Chapter 4 Configuration DDNS (Router Mode only) Configure Dynamic DNS settings here. Parameter Dynamic DNS Service User Name Only when DynDNS is selected Password Only when DynDNS is selected Hostname Only when DynDNS is selected Address Only when selecting TZO TZO Key Only when selecting TZO Domain Name Only when selecting TZO Meaning Select a provider (DynDNS or TZO) for Dynamic DNS. Enter the username that you registered with DynDNS. You may enter up to 64 alphanumerical characters and symbols. Enter your DynDNS password. You may enter up to 64 alphanumerical characters and symbols. Enter your DynDNS hostname. Hostnames may include up to 255 alphanumerical characters, hyphens, and periods. Enter the address that you registered with TZO. You may enter up to 64 alphanumerical characters and symbols. Enter your TZO key. TZO keys may have up to 64 alphanumerical characters and symbols. Enter your TZO domain name. You may enter up to 255 alphanumerical characters, hyphens, and periods. WCR-GN User Manual 34

36 Chapter 4 Configuration Parameter IP Address Update Period Internet Side IP Address Domain Name Status Meaning Specifies the period to notify the dynamic DNS service provider of the current IP address. When DynDNS is selected, set it between 0 and 35 days. When TZO is selected, set it between 0 and 99 days. If 0 (zero) is set, no periodic update is performed. The WAN-side IP address of the AirStation s Internet port. This address is sent to the dynamic DNS service provider. The domain name assigned by the dynamic DNS Service provider. The AirStation can be accessed from the Internet using this domain name. Displays the current status of the dynamic DNS service. WCR-GN User Manual 35

37 Chapter 4 Configuration LAN Configure the LAN side port and DHCP server settings. Parameter LAN Side IP Address DHCP Server Function Router Mode only DHCP IP Address Pool Router Mode only Advanced Settings Router Mode only Lease Period Router Mode only Default Gateway Router Mode only Meaning Set a LAN side IP address and subnet mask. Enable or disable the DHCP server, which assigns IP addresses automatically. Configure the range of IP addresses to be assigned by the DHCP server and IP addresses to be excluded from that range. Values from may be entered. Select Display to display the advanced settings options for the DHCP server. Set the effective period of an IP address assigned by the DHCP server. Up to 999 hours may be entered. Set the default gateway IP address for the DHCP server to issue to clients. WCR-GN User Manual 36

38 Chapter 4 Configuration Parameter DNS Servers Router Mode only WINS Server Router Mode only Domain Name Router Mode only Default Gateway Bridge Mode only DNS Server Address Bridge Mode only Meaning Set the DNS server IP address for the DHCP server to issue to clients. Set the WINS server IP address for the DHCP server to issue to clients. Set the domain name for the DHCP server to issue to clients. You may enter up to 127 alphanumerical characters, hyphens, and periods. Set the default gateway IP address. Set the DNS server IP address. WCR-GN User Manual 37

39 Chapter 4 Configuration DHCP Lease (Router Mode only) Configure DHCP leasing here. Parameter IP Address MAC Address Current DHCP Client Information Meaning Enter an IP address to lease manually. The IP address should be from the same subnet as the DHCP scope, but not be within the range that DHCP is assigning to other devices. Enter the MAC address which identifies the client. Displays information for current leases. An IP address which is leased automatically can be changed to be leased manually by clicking [Manual Assignment]. WCR-GN User Manual 38

40 Chapter 4 Configuration NAT (Router Mode only) Configure NAT (network address translation) settings here. NAT is used to connect devices on the LAN side to the Internet. Parameter Address Translation Log Output of Deleted Packets Meaning Enable to use Network Address Translation. Enable logging for deleted packets (such as errors) during address translation. WCR-GN User Manual 39

41 Chapter 4 Configuration Route Add routes to the NAT table. Parameter Destination Address Subnet Mask Gateway Metric Routing Information Meaning Adds a destination IP address to an entry in the routing table. Adds a subnet mask to an entry in the routing table. Adds a gateway address to an entry in the routing table. The metric is the maximum number of router hops a packet may take on the way to its destination address. Values between 1 and 15 may be entered. The default value is 15. Entries will be listed here after being added. WCR-GN User Manual 40

42 Chapter 4 Configuration Wireless Config WPS Configure WPS settings here. Parameter WPS External Registrar AirStation PIN Enrollee PIN WPS status Meaning Enable to use WPS automatic configuration. Enable to accept configuration requests from other WPS devices. Note: Configuration requests will be ignored if AOSS is in use. Displays the AirStation s PIN code. Click [Generate PIN] to generate a new PIN code. This code can be entered into other WPS-compatable wireless devices. Enter the PIN code for the other wireless device and click [OK]. Displays WPS status as configured or unconfigured. WCR-GN User Manual 41

43 Chapter 4 Configuration AOSS Configure AOSS settings here. Parameter Meaning Initiates AOSS automatic wireless configuration. Click this, then press or click the AOSS button on your AOSS-compatible wireless client. Repeat for additional AOSS clients. Click this button to disconnect AOSS connections. Note : If AOSS connections are disconnected, the SSID and encryption keys will be restored to their most recent settings before using AOSS. WCR-GN User Manual 42

44 Chapter 4 Configuration Parameter Exclusive SSID for WEP Meaning You may allow a separate SSID for WEP connections. If this is disabled, clients will not be able to connect with WEP. Encryption level expansion Dedicated WEP SSID isolation AOSS Button on the AirStation Unit Current Encryption Information AOSS Connection only [Random] Adds additional encryption options including WPA/WPA2-PSKmixed mode. Set a separate SSID and network segment specifically for WEP connections. Devices connected with WEP will not be able to communicate with devices connected using AES/TKIP. All connected devices will be able to communicate with the internet. If enabled, AOSS will be initiated when the physical AOSS button is pressed. Disable to prevent the button from initiating AOSS. Displays the type of encryption, SSID, and encryption key that AOSS has configured. Click to enter random values for SSID, encryption key, and other settings. [KEY base] enable for EU/US only [Reset] Click to return the SSID, encryption key, and other wirelesss settings to the values on the case sticker. Click to return the SSID, encryption key, and other wireless settings to their previous values. AOSS Client Information AOSS Connection only Displays status of connected AOSS clients. WCR-GN User Manual 43

45 Chapter 4 Configuration Basic Configure basic wireless settings here. WCR-GN User Manual 44

46 Chapter 4 Configuration Parameter Wireless Radio Wireless Channel Meaning Enable to allow wireless communication. If this is unchecked, then no wireless connections will be allowed. Sets a channel (a range of frequencies) used for wireless connections. Available range of channels is With Auto Channel selected, the AirStation will automatically use the best available channel. This parameter is disabled if WDS is in use. 150Mbps Mode 150 Mbps mode uses twice the normal frequency range, 40 MHz instead of 20 MHz. In uncongested areas this can increase performance. To use 150 Mbps mode, set the Bandwidth to 40 MHz and choose an Extension Channel. Note: If using Auto Channel for the wireless channel, then the Extension Channel is set automatically. This parameter is disabled if WDS is in use. Broadcast SSID SSID1 SSID2 SSID3 SSID4 Separation SSID Authentication If [Allow] is checked, then the AirStation will respond to SSID searches from wireless devices by broadcasting its SSID. If [Allow] is unchecked, then the AirStation ignore SSID searches from wireless devices. Always enabled and supports all wireless encryption types. Encryption can be disabled. Always enabled and supports all wireless encryption types. Encryption can be disabled. SSID3 can use WPA-PSK-AES encryption. SSID4 can use WEP encryption. When enabled, wireless devices connected to the AirStation can communicate only with the Internet, not with each other. This parameter does not function if WDS is enabled. Set SSID using 1-32 alphanumeric character(s). Specify the type of wireless authentication. WCR-GN User Manual 45

47 Chapter 4 Configuration Parameter Encryption Meaning Select a type of data encryption for wireless communication from the following options: No encryption Data is transmitted without encryption. Avoid this option since any communication may be intercepted. [No encryption] can be selected only when [No authentication] is selected for Wireless authentication. WEP WEP is a common encryption method supported by most devices. Use an encryption key to communicate with a wireless device. WEP can only be selected when [No authentication] is selected for Wireless authentication. TKIP TKIP is an encryption method which is more secure than WEP, but slower. Use an pre-shared-key to communicate with a wireless device. TKIP can be selected only when WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK is selected for Wireless authentication. AES AES is more secure than TKIP, and faster. Use a pre-shared-key to communicate with a wireless device. AES can be selected only when WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK is selected for Wireless authentication. TKIP/AES mixed mode TKIP/AES mixed mode allows both TKIP and AES authentication and communication. TKIP/AES mixed mode can be selected only when WPA/WPA2 mixed mode - PSK is selected for Wireless authentication. WPA-PSK (Pre-Shared Key) Setup WEP encryption key Enter a pre-shared key for use with wireless authentication. Keys may be character or hexadecimal. For a character key, use 8 to 63 alphanumeric characters (case-sensitive). For a hexadecimal key, enter 64 digits using 0 to 9 and a to f (not case-sensitive). Enter an encryption key to encrypt wireless data. Keys may be character or hexadecimal. For a character key, use 5 or 13 alphanumeric characters (case-sensitive). For a hexadecimal key, enter 10 or 26 digits using 0 to 9 and a to f (not case-sensitive). WCR-GN User Manual 46

48 Chapter 4 Configuration Parameter Rekey interval Meaning Choose an interval from 0 to 1440 minutes for keys to be updated. WCR-GN User Manual 47

49 Chapter 4 Configuration Advanced Configure advanced wireless settings on this page. Don t change these settings unless you know what you re doing. Parameter Multicast Rate DTIM Period Privacy Separator Meaning Sets the communication speed of multi-cast packets. Set the beacon responding interval (1-255). This setting is effective only when power management is enabled. If enabled, the Privacy Separator blocks communication between wireless devices connected to the AirStation. Wireless devices will be able to connect to the Internet but not with each other. Devices that are connected to the AirStation with wired connections will still be able to connect to wireless devices normally. WCR-GN User Manual 48

50 Chapter 4 Configuration WMM Configure priorities for specific types of data. Don t change these settings unless you know what you re doing. WCR-GN User Manual 49

51 Chapter 4 Configuration Parameter WMM-EDCA Parameters Meaning You don't usually need to change these settings. Using the default settings is recommended. Priority The following priorities may be applied to individual transmission packets: (Highest) 8, (High) 4, (Normal) 2, and (Low) 1. From the queue, these packets are processed in order of priority. CWmin, CWmax The maximum and minimum value of the contention window. The contention window is used in the frame collision avoidance structure performed in IEEE802.11, and generally the smaller the value in the window, the higher the probability that the queue obtains the right to send. AIFSN The interval to send frames. The unit of the AIFSN is a slot, just as the window defined by CWmin and CWmax is. The smaller the interval of sending frames, the faster the algorithm can restart. As a result, the priority of the queue is higher. TXOP Limit The period of time that the queue can use after obtaining the right to send. The unit is 32 ms. The longer this time, the more frames can be sent per right to send. However, the queue may interfere with other packet transmissions. If TXOP Limit is set to 0 (zero), only one frame can be sent per right to send. WCR-GN User Manual 50

52 Chapter 4 Configuration MAC Filter MAC filtering allows only devices with registered MAC addresses to connect to the AirStation wirelessly. Parameter Enforce MAC Filtering Registration List [Edit Registration List] MAC Addresses to be Registered List of all clients that are associated with this AirStation Meaning Enable to restrict wireless connections to devices with registered MAC addresses. Displays the MAC addresses of registered devices which are permitted to connect wirelessly. Click this button to add a MAC address of a wireless device to the list of permitted devices. Enter a MAC address of a wireless device you permit to connect to the AirStation. Click [Register] to add that MAC address to the list. Display the list of all MAC addresses of wireless devices connected to the AirStation. WCR-GN User Manual 51

53 Chapter 4 Configuration WDS (Bridge Mode only) Configure the settings for WDS bridging here. Refer to page 17 for the WDS setup process. Note: You cannot specify WDS while the device is in the router mode. Change the mode to bridge on TOP screen to display WDS configuration screen. Parameter WDS Connection type Meaning Enable to use WDS. Select how you want to configure WDS. Manual Enter the target wireless AP's SSID and security information manually. AOSS Connect with the AirStation using AOSS. If this option is selected, a special AOSS button will appear. This button can be used for WDS connection only. Once AOSS connection is set up, the WCR- GN will have the same security setting as the other AP in the bridge. Refer to page 17 for setup directions. WCR-GN User Manual 52

54 Chapter 4 Configuration Parameter Connection Status SSID Meaning Displays WDS connection status. Enter the target Airstation's SSID. [ Search ] Click this button to search for target AirStations by SSID. Authentication Encryption WPA-PSK (Pre-shared key) WEP encryption key setting Enter the target AirStation's wireless authentication method. Enter the target AirStation's encryption type. Enter the target AP's Encryption key (if used). Enter the target AP's WEP key (if used). WCR-GN User Manual 53

55 Chapter 4 Configuration Security (Router Mode only) Firewall (Router Mode only) Configure the AirStation s firewall here. Parameter Log Output Basic Rules Meaning Enable to output a log of firewall activity. Enable to use any of the quick filters. Preconfigured quick filters include: Prohibit NBT and Microsoft-DS Routing When this is enabled, Microsoft file and printer sharing is blocked between the WAN and LAN sides of the router. You can configure this with PPPoE if you select [Use PPPoE Client] or [Use IP Unnumbered] in Method of Acquiring IP address (on page 31), or if Easy Setup identified a PPPoE connection during setup. WCR-GN User Manual 54

56 Chapter 4 Configuration Parameter Meaning Reject IDENT Requests Enabling this option will answer IDENT requests from the Internet side with corresponding rejection packets. Enable this option if you experienced slower transfer speed for network application such as sending mail, using ftp or displaying on browser. If you have configured transfer of IDENT requests to the LAN side computer in the address translation settings (DMZ or TCP port:113), that setting has higher priority, and overrides this setting. Block Ping from Internet If this is enabled, the AirStation will not respond to pings from the Internet side. You can configure this with PPPoE if you select [Use PPPoE Client] in Method of Acquiring IP address (page 31), or if Easy Setup identified a PPPoE connection during setup. WCR-GN User Manual 55

57 Chapter 4 Configuration IP Filter (Router Mode only) Edit IP filters here. Parameter Log Output Operation Direction IP Address Protocol IP Filter Information Meaning If enabled, IP filter activity is saved to a log. Specify how to process target packets. Specify the transmission direction of target packets. Specify the sender's IP address and receiver's IP address of the target packets. Select a protocol for target transmission packet. Display the list of IP filters which have been registered. WCR-GN User Manual 56

58 Chapter 4 Configuration VPN Pass-Through (Router Mode only) Configure IPv6 pass-through, PPPoE pass-through, and PPTP pass-through here. Parameter IPv6 Pass-through PPPoE Pass-through PPTP Pass-through Meaning Enable to use IPv6 pass-through for address translation. Enable to use PPPoE bridge. Using PPPoE bridge lets you automatically obtain LAN-side IP addresses from your provider using the PPPoE protocol because all PPPoE packets can pass through from the LAN to the WAN side. Enable to use the PPTP pass-through for address translation. WCR-GN User Manual 57

59 Chapter 4 Configuration LAN Config (Router Mode only) Port Forwarding (Router Mode only) Configure port translation here. Parameter Group Internet Side IP Address Protocol Meaning Specify a group name for a new rule to belong to. Select [New Group] and enter the new group name in the Group Name field to create a new group. A group name can include up to 16 alphanumeric letters. Enter the Internet side IP address (before translation) for the port translation table entry. Select the Internet side protocol (before translation) for the port translation table entry. WCR-GN User Manual 58

60 Chapter 4 Configuration Parameter LAN Side IP Address LAN Side Port Port Forwarding Registration Information Meaning Enter the LAN side IP address (after translation) for the port translation table entry. Select the LAN side (after translation) port number ( ) for the port translation table entry. Shows current entries in the port translation table. DMZ (Router Mode only) Configure a destination to transfer communication packets without a LAN side destination to. Parameter IP Address of DMZ Meaning Enter the IP address of the destination to which packets which are not routed by a port translation table are forwarded. Note: RIP protocol packets (UDP port number 520) will not be forwarded. WCR-GN User Manual 59

61 Chapter 4 Configuration UPnP (Router Mode only) Enable UPnP (Universal Plug and Play) here. Parameter UPnP Meaning Enable or disable Universal Plug and Play (UPnP) functionality. WCR-GN User Manual 60

62 Chapter 4 Configuration QoS (Router Mode only) Configure priorities for types of packets passing through the router. Parameter QoS for transmission to the Internet Upload bandwidth Meaning Determine whether or not to prioritize packets by application. Check this box to enable QoS. Specify the upstream bandwidth in kbps from the AirStation to the internet side. Enable application name protocol Enable or disable this entry. Enter an application name. Names may use up to 32 alphanumeric characters, double or single tickmarks ("'), quotation marks ( ), and semicolons (;). Select either TCP or UDP. WCR-GN User Manual 61

63 Chapter 4 Configuration Parameter destination port priority Meaning Specify a destination port with the value of If this field is empty, a random port is selected. Select high, medium, or low priority for these packets. * Packets whose type isn t on the list are treated as a level between medium and low. Admin Config Name Configure the AirStation s name. Parameter Meaning AirStation Name Enter a name for the AirStation. Names may include up to 64 alphanumeric characters and hyphens (-). WCR-GN User Manual 62

64 Chapter 4 Configuration Password You may change the login password for the configuration interface here. Parameter Administrator Name Administrator Password Meaning The username for login is fixed as root. This password is to log in to the AirStation s configuration interface. It may contain up to 8 alphanumeric characters and underscores (_). WCR-GN User Manual 63

65 Chapter 4 Configuration Time/Date Configure the AirStation s internal clock here. Parameter Local Date Local Time Time Zone Meaning You may manually set the date of the AirStation s internal clock. You may manually set the time of the AirStation s internal clock. Specify the time zone (offset of Greenwich Mean Time) of the AirStation's internal clock. WCR-GN User Manual 64

66 Chapter 4 Configuration NTP You may configure an NTP server to automatically correct the AirStation s time settings. Parameter NTP Functionality NTP Server Update Interval Meaning Enable to use an NTP server to automatically set the AirStation's internal clock. Enter the name of the NTP server as a host name, host name with domain name, or IP address. Up to 255 alphanumeric characters, hyphens (-), and underscores (_) may be used. How often should the AirStation submit a time request to the NTP server? Intervals of 1-24 hours may be set. WCR-GN User Manual 65

67 Chapter 4 Configuration Access The screen to restrict access to the AirStation s settings screens. Parameter Log Output Prohibit configuration from wireless LAN Prohibit configuration from wired LAN Permit configuration from wired Internet Router mode only Permitted IP address Router mode only Permitted Port Router mode only Meaning Enabling outputs a log of changes to access settings. If enabled, prevents access to settings screens from wirelessly connected devices (only wired devices may configure). If enabled, prevents access to settings screens from wired devices (only wirelessly connected devices may configure). If enabled, allows access to settings screens from network devices on the Internet side. Displayed only if Internet side configuration is enabled. Enter the IP address of the device that is permitted to configure the AirStation remotely from the Internet side. Displayed only if Internet side configuration is enabled. Set a port number ( ) if configuring the AirStation from the Internet side. WCR-GN User Manual 66

68 Chapter 4 Configuration Log Logs may be transferred to a syslog server automatically. Parameter Log Transfer Syslog Server Transfer Logs Meaning Enable to send logs to a syslog server. Indentify the syslog server by host name, host name with domain name, or IP address. You may enter up to 255 alphanumeric characters, hyphens (-), and underscores (_). Choose which logs will be transferred to the syslog server. WCR-GN User Manual 67

69 Chapter 4 Configuration Save/Restore AirStation settings may be saved to a configuration file or restored from one. Parameter Save current settings Restore Configuration from Backup File Meaning Click [Save] to save the current configuration of the AirStation to a file. If [Encrypt the configuration file with a password] is checked, then the configuration file will be password protected with the specified password. Restore the configuration of the AirStation from a saved configuration file by clicking the [Browse] button, navigating to the configuration file, and then clicking Restore. If the configuration file was password protected, then put a check next to [To restore from the file you need the password], enter the password, and click [Open]. WCR-GN User Manual 68

70 Chapter 4 Configuration Initialize/Restart Initialize or restart the AirStation from here. Parameter Restart Initialize Meaning Click [Restart Now] to restart the AirStation. Click [Initialize Now] to initialize and restart the AirStation. WCR-GN User Manual 69

71 Chapter 4 Configuration Update The screen to update the AirStation s firmware. Parameter Firmware Version Firmware File Name Meaning Displays the current firmware version of the AirStation. Click [Browse] to specify a firmware file and click [Update Firmware]. This will update the firmware. WCR-GN User Manual 70

72 Chapter 4 Configuration Diagnostic System Info System information for the AirStation is displayed here. WCR-GN User Manual 71

73 Chapter 4 Configuration Parameter Model Meaning Displays the product name of the AirStation and the firmware version. AirStation Name Displays AirStation Name (as set on page 62). Operational Mode Internet Router mode only LAN Wireless WDS Brdige mode only Displays the current operational mode of the AirStation. Displays WAN port information. Displays LAN port information. Displays wireless status. Displays the status of WDS. WCR-GN User Manual 72

74 Chapter 4 Configuration Logs View the AirStation s logs here. Parameter Display log info Logs Meaning Choose the type of logs to display. Displays the selected logs. WCR-GN User Manual 73

75 Chapter 4 Configuration Packet Info This screen shows the packets that the AirStation has transferred. Parameter Sent Received Meaning Displays the number of packets sent to the WAN (Internet), the Ethernet LAN, and the wireless LAN. Displays the number of packets received from the WAN (the Internet), the Ethernet LAN, and the wireless LAN. WCR-GN User Manual 74

76 Chapter 4 Configuration Client Monitor This screen shows devices that are connected to the AirStation. Parameter Client Monitor Meaning Displays information ( MAC address, lease IP address, host name, communication method, wireless authentication and n) for devices that are connected to the AirStation. WCR-GN User Manual 75

77 Chapter 4 Configuration Ping A ping test checks whether the AirStation can communicate with a specific network device. Parameter Destination Address Meaning Enter an IP address or a hostname to ping, and click [Execute]. The result will be displayed in the [Result] field. WCR-GN User Manual 76

78 Chapter 5 - Connect to a Wireless Network Automatic Secure Setup (AOSS/WPS) AOSS and WPS are systems that enable you to automatically configure wireless LAN settings. Just pressing the buttons will connect wireless devices and complete security settings. Use them to automatically connect wireless devices, computers, or game machines which support AOSS or WPS. AOSS (AirStation One-Touch Secure System) is technology developed by Buffalo Technology. WPS was created by the Wi-Fi Alliance. Internet Modem AirStation PC or Game console (AOSS Devices) Before using AOSS/WPS to connect to a computer with a Buffalo wireless client, install Client Manager software from the included AirNavigator CD on the computer. Consult your wireless client s documentation for more information. Buffalo s Client Manager software can be used with the wireless LAN devices built into your computer. However, it is not guaranteed to work with all wireless LAN devices available. Note: To configure WDS with AOSS, you must use a different AOSS button. Refer to page 17 for more information on using AOSS to configure a WDS bridge. If you use AOSS to configure WDS, any wireless clients that were previously connected to the AirStation via AOSS will have been disconnected. Refer to the following procedure to reconnect them. WCR-GN User Manual 77

79 Chapter 5 Connect to a Wireless Network Windows 7 or Vista (Client Manager V) If you are using Windows 7 or Vista, use the included Client Manager V software to connect wirelessly to AOSS or WPS compatable devices. 1 2 Click the icon in the system tray, or navigate through the [Start] menu to All Programs > BUFFALO > AirStation Utility > ClientManagerV. When the screen at left is displayed, click [Create Profile]. 3 When the message "A Program needs your permission to continue" appears, click [Yes] or [Continue]. 4 Click the [WPS AOSS] button. Automatic configuration will take about a minute. When automatic configuration is complete, the Security LED (page 8) will stop flashing and glow steadily. Your AOSS/WPS connection is now ready to use. WCR-GN User Manual 78

80 Chapter 5 Connect to a Wireless Network Windows XP (Client Manager 3) If you are using Windows XP, use the included Client Manager 3 software to connect wirelessly to AOSS or WPS compatable devices. 1 Right click on the icon in the system tray and select [Profile]. 2 Click the [WPS AOSS] button. Follow the instructions displayed on the screen. When the settings are configured and the Security LED stops flashing and is lit, the AOSS/WPS connection is complete. Other Devices (e.g. Game Consoles) If you are using a game machine that supports AOSS or WPS, refer to that device s manual to initiate AOSS/WPS. When instructed, hold down the AOSS button (page 10) on the AirStation for 1 second. Automatic configuration will take about a minute. When automatic configuration is complete, the Security LED (page 8) will stop flashing and glow steadily. Your AOSS/WPS connection is now ready to use. WCR-GN User Manual 79

81 Chapter 5 Connect to a Wireless Network Manual Setup You can also connect to the AirStation without installing Client Manager V or Client Manager 3 by using the utility built-in to Windows. The procedure varies depending on which version of Windows you are using. Windows 7 (WLAN AutoConfig) With Windows 7, use WLAN AutoConfig to connect to the AirStation. 1 Click on the network icon in the system tray. 2 Select the target AirStation s name and click [Connect]. If you will be connecting to this device in the future, checking [Connect automatically] is recommended. WCR-GN User Manual 80

82 Chapter 5 Connect to a Wireless Network 3 Enter the encryption key and click [OK]. Windows Vista (WLAN AutoConfig) With Windows Vista, use WLAN AutoConfig to connect to the AirStation. 1 Right click on the wireless network icon in the system tray. 2 Click [Connect to a network]. 3 When the screen at left is displayed, select the network to connect to and click [Connect]. WCR-GN User Manual 81

83 Chapter 5 Connect to a Wireless Network If the screen below is displayed, click [I want to enter the network key or passphrase instead]. Otherwise,go to step 4. WCR-GN User Manual 82

84 Chapter 5 Connect to a Wireless Network 4 Enter the encryption key and click [Connect]. Step through the wizard to finish configuration. If the Set Network Location screen is displayed, select [Home], [Work], or [Public location] depending where you re using the AirStation. WCR-GN User Manual 83

85 Chapter 5 Connect to a Wireless Network Windows XP (Wireless Zero Configuration) Windows XP includes a built-in utility to connect to your AirStation. Note: If Client Manager 3 is installed on your computer, Wireless Zero Config is disabled. Uninstall Client Manager 3 to use Wireless Zero Config, or just use Client Manager 3 to connect to the AirStation. 1 Right click on the icon in the system tray. 2 Click [View Available Wireless Networks]. 3 Select the network to connect to and click [Connect]. 4 Enter the encryption key (twice) and click [Connect]. Wireless Zero Config will automatically connect you to the network. WCR-GN User Manual 84

86 Chapter 6 - Troubleshooting Cannot connect to the Internet over wired connection. Make sure that your AirStation is plugged in! Check that the status LEDs of your AirStation are lit as below: Power Wireless Router Diag Green LED is on. Green LED on or flashing Green LED may be on or off Off Make sure that your computer is set to [obtain an IP address automatically]. See page 96 for more information. Restart your AirStation. Cannot access the web-based configuration interface. Open the configuration interface by following the procedure on page 23. Enter the correct user name and password to log in to the configuration interface. If you are using AirStation with factory default settings, enter root (lower case) for the username and leave the password blank (enter nothing). Verify that your web browser is not set to use proxies. Make sure that your computer is configured to [Obtain an IP Address Automatically]. (page 96) Restart your AirStation. Cannot connect to the network wirelessly. Configure your wireless device with the same SSID, encryption type, and encryption key as used by your AirStation. WCR-GN User Manual 85

87 Chapter 6 Trouble Shooting The factory defaults are: SSID - The AirStation s MAC address (printed on the label) Encryption Type - WPA/WPA2 mixed mode - PSK (Connect with either WPA-PSK TKIP or WPA2-PSK AES). Encryption Key - Printed on the label of the AirStation. Note: Encryption is disabled by default in Asia Pacific. Place your AirStation and wireless devices 2-10 feet apart. Restart your AirStation. You forgot AirStation's SSID, Encryption Key, or Password. Hold down the Reset button (page 99) on your AirStation for 5 seconds to initialize its settings. All settings, including your password, SSID, and encryption key will be initialized to their defaults. The followings are the factory default settings of the AirStation. SSID - Encryption Type - Encryption Key - The AirStation s MAC address (printed on the label) WPA/WPA2 mixed mode - PSK (Connect with either WPA-PSK TKIP or WPA2-PSK AES). Printed on the label of the AirStation. (Encryption is disabled by default for Asia Pacific AirStations.) The link speed is slower than 150 Mbps (Maximum link speed is only 72Mbps). By default, the AirStation s 150 Mbps mode is not enabled. To enable it, use the following procedure: 1. Open the configuration interface of your AirStation (page 23). 2. Click [Wireless SSID & Channel (11n 150Mbps Mode)] in Easy Setup. 3. Change the value in [150 Mbps Mode] - [Band Width] to 40 MHz and click [Apply]. If you still cannot connect at 150 Mbps, check the settings of your wireless client device. WCR-GN User Manual 86

88 Chapter 6 Trouble Shooting Other Tips Issue: I reset my wireless router to factory settings and forgot how to log in. Answer: Open your browser, enter as the browser address, then press the Enter key. You will be prompted to log in. Enter "root" for the username and leave the password box empty (no password). Click [OK] to log in. The option to reset your password will be available on the first page. Issue: How do I forward ports on my wireless router for my gaming console? Answer: Log in to the router. From the home page, go to the Internet Game/ Port Mapping section. Enter the port that needs to be forwarded and the IP address of the gaming console. Issue: How do I enable or modify encryption settings on the wireless router? Answer: Log in to the wireless router with your browser. Go to the Wireless Config tab and then select the Basic tab. Buffalo recommends the use of WPA/WPA2 mixed for wireless encryption. The passphrase/ key should be at least 8 characters in length. Issue: How do I change my wireless router's broadcasted network name (SSID)? Answer: Log in to the wireless router with your browser. Navigate to Wireless Config - Basic. Find the SSID setting. Select [Use] and enter the new name for your network. Click [Apply]. Once the wireless router has rebooted, you will need reconnect any wireless clients to the AirStation using the new network name. The encryption key will still be the same. WCR-GN User Manual 87

89 Chapter 6 Trouble Shooting Issue: What can I do if my wireless connection drops randomly or seems slow? Answer: There are many environmental factors that may affect this behavior. First, ensure the issue is not range related by locating the wireless router and the device dropping connection in closer proximity and check whether the connection drops continue. In some cases, interference from other wireless networks or sources such as 2.4 GHz wireless phones may impact performance. To work around this scenario, change the wireless channel used by your wireless router. Log in to the wireless router with your browser. Click on the Wireless Config tab and then the Basic tab. The Wireless Channel setting can be selected from channels 1 to 11. If an Auto-Channel option is available, attempt to use this option to remedy the problem. If Auto-Channel is unavailable, manually select an alternate channel and click [Apply]. Issue: Though I am able to successfully make a connection with my wireless router, I am unable to access the Internet with my web browser. Answer: First, power off the Cable or DSL modem, the wireless router, and your computer. Move the router's mode switch to the on position. Verify that the modem is connected to the wireless router with an Ethernet cable to the WAN port. Power on the modem and wait one minute. Power on the wireless router and wait another minute. Power on the computer. Open a browser on the computer and navigate to a familiar website to verify whether the Internet connection is functioning normally. If after these steps, an Internet connection is still unavailable, power off the Cable or DSL modem and computer again and directly connect your computer to the Cable or DSL modem with a cable between the computer and the port on the modem. Power on the modem and wait one minute. Power on the computer and again check for an Internet connection. If an Internet connection IS NOT available with a direct connection to the computer, please call the Internet Service Provider who installed the modem. If an Internet connection IS available with a direct connection to the computer, please call our customer support. Issue: Where can I download the latest drivers, firmware, and instructions for my Buffalo wireless products? WCR-GN User Manual 88

90 Chapter 6 Trouble Shooting Answer: The latest drivers and firmware are available online at WCR-GN User Manual 89

91 Appendix A - Specifications Wireless LAN Interface Standard Compliance Transmission Method IEEE802.11b / IEEE802.11g / IEEE802.11n technology Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS), OFDM, SISO Frequency Range 2,412-2,462 MHz (Channels 1-11) Transmission Rate Access Mode Security Wired LAN Interface Standard Compliance Transmission Rate Transmission Encoding Access Method Speed and Flow Control Number of LAN Ports 4 LAN Port Connector Other Power Supply Power Consumption Dimensions Weight Operating Environment b/g 54, 48, 36, 24, 18, 12, 9, 6, 11, 5.5, 2, 1 Mbps n 20 MHz Channel (LongGI)65,58.5,52,39,26,19.5,13,6.5(1 stream) (ShortGI)72.2, ,43.3,28.9,21.7,14.4,7.2(1 steam) 40 MHz Channel (LongGI)135,121.5,108,61,54,40.5,27,13.5(1 stream) (ShortGI)150,135,120,90,60,45,30,15(1 stream) Infrastructure Mode AOSS, WPA2-PSK (TKIP/AES), WPA/WPA2 mixed PSK, WPA-PSK (TKIP/AES), 128/64 bit WEP, Mac Address Filter IEEE802.3u (100BASE-TX), IEEE802.3 (10BASE-T) 10 / 100 Mbps 100BASE-TX 4B5B/MLT-3, 10BASE-T Manchester Cording CSMA/CD 10/100, Auto Sensing, Auto MDIX RJ-45 External AC V Universal, 50/60 Hz Approx. 5.8 W (Max) 118 mm x 104 mm x 23 mm (4.6 x 4.1 x 0.9 in.) 144 g (4.5 oz.) without stand 0-40 C ( F), 20-80% (non-condensing) WCR-GN User Manual 90

92 Appendix B - Default Configuration Settings Feature Parameter Default Setting Internet Router Mode only PPPoE Router Mode only DDNS Router Mode only Method of Acquiring IP Address Default Gateway Address of DNS Name Server Internet MAC Address MTU Size of Internet Port Name of Connection User Name Password Service Name Connection Type Easy Setup (Internet Connection Wizard) none none Use default MAC Address 1500 Bytes none none none none Continuous Connection Automatic disconnection Disconnect Condition When both incoming and outgoing traffic stops Disconnect Time 5 Minutes Authorization MTU Size MRU size Keep Alive Dynamic DNS Service Current Dynamic DNS Information Automatic Authorization 1454 Bytes 1454 Bytes Enabled Disabled none LAN LAN Side IP Address Router Mode: ( ) DHCP Server Router Mode only DHCP IP Address Pool Router Mode only Lease Period Router Mode only Bridge Mode ( ) Enabled for up to 64 addresses 48 hours WCR-GN User Manual 91

93 Appendix B Default Configuration Settings Feature Parameter Default Setting DHCP Lease Router Mode only NAT Router Mode only Default Gateway Router Mode only DNS Servers Router Mode only WINZ Server Router Mode only Domain Name Router Mode only Default Gateway Bridge Mode only DNS Server Address Bridge Mode only Current DHCP Client Information Address Translation Log Output of Deleted Packets AirStation's IP Address AirStation's IP Address Assigned IP address Assigned Domain Name none none none Enabled Disabled Route Routing Information none WPS WPS Enabled External Registrar AirStation PIN Enabled An 8-digit random value (Printed on the label of the AirStation) WPS Security Information WPS status: configured or unconfigured SSID: AirStation s MAC Address Security: WPA/WPA2 mixedmode - PSK TKIP/ AES mixedmode or none Encryption key: A 13-digit random value or disabled. (Printed on the label of the AirStation. Encryption is disabled by default settings on AirStation for Asia Pacific.) WCR-GN User Manual 92

94 Appendix B Default Configuration Settings Feature Parameter Default Setting AOSS Encryption Type of Exclusive SSID for WEP Encryption level expansion function Dedicated WEP SSID isolation AOSS Button on the AirStation Unit none Enabled Disabled Enabled Basic Wireless Radio Enabled Wireless Channel 150Mbps Mode Broadcast SSID Separate feature SSID Authentication Encryption Rekey interval Auto Channel Band Width: 20MHz Extension Channel: - Allow For US/EU SSID1: not used SSID2: used For AP SSID1: used SSID2: not used For US/EU SSID1: not used SSID2: Configure AirStation s MAC address + [-1] SSID3: not used SSID4: not used For US/EU SSID1: Configure AirStation s MAC address SSID2: not used SSID3: not used SSID4: not used For US/EU WPA/WPA2 mixed mode-psk For AP No authentication For US/EU TKIP/AES mixed mode For AP No encryption 60 minutes WCR-GN User Manual 93

95 Appendix B Default Configuration Settings Feature Parameter Default Setting Advanced Multicast Rate 1Mbps WMM DTIM Period 1 Privacy Separator WMM-EDCA Parameters (Priority AC_BK (Low) ) WMM-EDCA Parameters (Priority AC_BE (Normal) ) WMM-EDCA Parameters (Priority AC_VI (High) ) WMM-EDCA Parameters (Priority AC_VO (Highest) ) Disabled MAC Filter Enforce MAC Filter Disabled Registration List For AP CWmin For STA CWmax AIFSN 7 7 TXOP Limit 0 0 For AP CWmin For STA CWmax AIFSN 3 3 TXOP Limit 0 0 For AP CWmin 7 7 CWmax AIFSN 1 2 TXOP Limit For AP CWmin 3 3 CWmax 7 7 AIFSN 1 2 TXOP Limit none WDS WDS not used Firewall Router Mode only IP Filter Router Mode only Log Output Disabled For STA For STA Basic Rules Prohibit NBT and Microsoft-DS Routing Disabled Reject IDENT Requests Enabled Block Ping from Internet Enabled Log Output IP Filter Information Disabled none WCR-GN User Manual 94

96 Appendix B Default Configuration Settings Feature Parameter Default Setting VPN Pass Through Router Mode only Port Forwarding Router Mode only DMZ Router Mode only UPnP Router Mode only QoS Router Mode only IPv6 Pass Through PPPoE Pass Through PPTP Pass Through Port Forwarding Registration Information IP Address of DMZ UPnP QoS for transmission to the Internet Disabled Disabled Disabled none none Enabled Disabled Name AirStation Name AP + AirStation's MAC Address Password Administrator Name root (fixed) Administrator Password none Time/Date Local Date 2010 Year 1 Month 1 Day Local Time Time Zone NTP NTP Functionality Enabled NTP Server Update Interval 0 Hour 0 Minute 0 Seconds (GMT 00:00) Greenwich Mean Time, London time, nist, gov 24 hours Access Log Output Disabled Limitation Item Prohibit configuration from wireless LAN Disabled Prohibit configuration from wired LAN Disabled Permit configuration from wired Internet Disabled Log Log Transfer Disabled Syslog Server Transfer Logs none Router Mode: Address Translation, IP Filter, Firewall, PPPoE Client, Dynamic DNS, DHCP Client, DHCP Server, AOSS, Wireless Client, Authentication, Setting Changes, System Boot, NTP Client, and Wired Link Bridge Mode: IP Filter, DHCP Client, AOSS, Wireless Client, Authentication, Setting Changes, System Boot, NTP Client, and Wired Link WCR-GN User Manual 95

97 Appendix C - TCP/IP Settings in Windows Windows 7 To configure TCP/IP in Windows 7, follow the procedure below. 1 Click [Start] > [Control Panel] > [Network and Internet]. 2 Double-click [Network and Sharing Center]. 3 Click [Change Adapter Settings] on the left side menu. 4 Right-click on [Local Area Connection], then click [Properties]. 5 If the message Windows needs your permission to continue appears, click [Continue]. 6 Select [Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4)] then click [Properties]. 7 To have DHCP set your IP address settings automatically, check [Obtain an IP address automatically] and [Obtain DNS server address automatically]. To set your IP address settings manually, enter values for each settings. Example: If the router s IP address is , IP address Subnet mask Default gateway Preferred DNS server Alternate DNS server blank 8 Click [OK]. WCR-GN User Manual 96

98 Appendix C TCP/IP Settings in Windows Windows Vista To configure TCP/IP in Windows Vista, follow the procedure below. 1 Click [Start] > [Settings] > [Control Panel]. 2 Double-click [Network and Sharing Center]. 3 Click [Manage network connections] on the left side menu. 4 Right click on [Local Area Connection], then click [Properties]. 5 When the message [Windows needs your permission to continue], click [Continue]. 6 Select [Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4)], then click [Properties]. 7 To have DHCP set your IP address settings automatically, check [Obtain an IP address automatically] and [Obtain DNS server address automatically]. To set your IP address settings manually, enter values for each settings. Example: If the router s IP address is , IP address Subnet mask Default gateway Preferred DNS server Alternate DNS server blank 8 Click [Close]. WCR-GN User Manual 97

99 Appendix C TCP/IP Settings in Windows Windows XP To configure TCP/IP in Windows XP, follow the procedure below. 1 Click [Start] > [Settings] > [Control Panel]. 2 Double-click [Network]. 3 Right click on [Local Area Connection], then click [Properties]. 4 Select [Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)], then click [Properties]. 5 To have DHCP set your IP address settings automatically, check [Obtain an IP address automatically] and [Obtain DNS server address automatically]. To set your IP address settings manually, enter values for each setting. Example:. If the router s IP address is , IP address Subnet mask Default gateway Preferred DNS server Alternate DNS server blank 6 Click [Close]. WCR-GN User Manual 98

100 Appendix D - Restoring the Default Configuration RESET Hold down this button for 3 seconds. The AirStation will be initialized. WCR-GN User Manual 99

101 Appendix E - Regulatory Compliance Information Federal Communication Commission Interference Statement This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one of the following measures: Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna. Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver. Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected. Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/tv technician for help. FCC Caution: Any changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the user s authority to operate the equipment. This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) This device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation. FCC ID: WCR-GN: FDI Important Note - FCC Radiation Exposure Statement: This equipment complies with FCC radiation exposure limits set forth for uncontrolled equipment. This equipment should be installed and operated with minimum distance 20cm between the radiator and your body. This transmitter must not be co-located or operating in conjunction with any other antenna or transmitter. The availability of some specific channels and/or operational frequency bands are country dependent and are firmware programmed at the factory to match the intended destination. The firmware setting is not accessible by the end user. WCR-GN User Manual 100

102 Appendix E Regulatory Compliance Information European Union Notice: This device complies with the essential requirements of the R&TTE Directive 1999/5/EC. The following test methods have been applied in order to prove presumption of conformity with the essential requirements of the R&TTE Directive 1999/5/EC: EN : 2006 Safety of Information Technology Equipment EN 50385: 2002 Product standard to demonstrate the compliance of radio base stations and fixed terminal stations for wireless telecommunication systems with the basic restrictions or the reference levels related to human exposure to radio frequency electromagnetic fields (110MHz - 40 GHz) - General public EN V1.7.1 ( ) Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Wideband transmission systems; Data transmission equipment operating in the 2,4 GHz ISM band and using wide band modulation techniques; Harmonized EN covering essential requirements under article 3.2 of the R&TTE Directive EN V1.8.1 ( ) Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio Spectrum Matters (ERM); ElectroMagnetic Compatibility (EMC) standard for radio equipment and services; Part 1: Common technical requirements EN V1.3.2 ( ) Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); ElectroMagnetic Compatibility (EMC) standard for radio equipment and services; Part 17: Specific conditions for 2,4 GHz wideband transmission systems and 5 GHz high performance RLAN equipment This device is a 2.4 GHz wideband transmission system (transceiver), intended for use in all EU member states and EFTA countries, except in France and Italy where restrictive use applies. In Italy the end-user should apply for a license at the national spectrum authorities in order to obtain authorization to use the device for setting up outdoor radio links and/or for supplying public access to telecommunications and/or network services. This device may not be used for setting up outdoor radio links in France and in some areas the RF output power may be limited to 10 mw EIRP in the frequency range of MHz. For detailed information the end-user should contact the national spectrum authority in France. WCR-GN User Manual 101

103 Appendix E Regulatory Compliance Information Česky[Czech] Buffalo Technology Inc. tímto prohlašuje, že tento AirStation WCR-GN je ve shodě se základními požadavky a dalšími příslušnými ustanoveními směrnice 1999/5/ES. Dansk[Danish] Undertegnede Buffalo Technology Inc. erklærer herved, at følgende udstyr AirStation WCR-GN overholder de væsentlige krav og øvrige relevante krav i direktiv 1999/5/EF. Deutsch[German] Hiermit erklärt Buffalo Technology Inc. dass sich das Gerät AirStation WCR-GN in Übereinstimmung mit den grundlegenden Anforderungen und den übrigen einschlägigen Bestimmungen der Richtlinie 1999/5/EG befindet. Eesti[Estonian] Käesolevaga kinnitab Buffalo Technology Inc. seadme AirStation WCR-GN vastavust direktiivi 1999/5/EÜ põhinõuetele ja nimetatud direktiivist tulenevatele teistele asjakohastele sätetele. English Hereby, Buffalo Technology Inc. declares that this AirStation WCR-GN is in compliance with the essential requirements and other relevant provisions of Directive 1999/5/EC. Español[Spanish] Por medio de la presente Buffalo Technology Inc. declara que el AirStation WCR-GN cumple con los requisitos esenciales y cualesquiera otras disposiciones aplicables o exigibles de la Directiva 1999/5/ CE. Ελληνική[Greek] ΜΕ ΤΗΝ ΠΑΡΟΥΣΑ Buffalo Technology Inc. ΔΗΛΩΝΕΙ ΟΤΙ AirStation WCR-GN ΣΥΜΜΟΡΦΩΝΕΤΑΙ ΠΡΟΣ ΤΙΣ ΟΥΣΙΩΔΕΙΣ ΑΠΑΙΤΗΣΕΙΣ ΚΑΙ ΤΙΣ ΛΟΙΠΕΣ ΣΧΕΤΙΚΕΣ ΔΙΑΤΑΞΕΙΣ ΤΗΣ ΟΔΗΓΙΑΣ 1999/5/ΕΚ. Français[French] Par la présente Buffalo Technology Inc. déclare que l appareil AirStation WCR-GN est conforme aux exigences essentielles et aux autres dispositions pertinentes de la directive 1999/5/CE. Italiano[Italian] Con la presente Buffalo Technology Inc. dichiara che questo AirStation WCR-GN è conforme ai requisiti essenziali ed alle altre disposizioni pertinenti stabilite dalla direttiva 1999/5/CE. Latviski[Latvian] Ar šo Buffalo Technology Inc. deklarē, ka AirStation WCR-GN atbilst Direktīvas 1999/5/EK būtiskajām prasībām un citiem ar to saistītajiem noteikumiem. WCR-GN User Manual 102

104 Appendix E Regulatory Compliance Information Lietuvių[Lithuanian] Šiuo Buffalo Technology Inc. deklaruoja, kad šis AirStation WCR-GN atitinka esminius reikalavimus ir kitas 1999/5/EB Direktyvos nuostatas. Nederlands[Dutch] Hierbij verklaart Buffalo Technology Inc. dat het toestel AirStation WCR-GN in overeenstemming is met de essentiële eisen en de andere relevante bepalingen van richtlijn 1999/5/EG. Malti[Maltese] Hawnhekk, Buffalo Technology Inc., jiddikjara li dan AirStation WCR-GN jikkonforma mal-ħtiġijiet essenzjali u ma provvedimenti oħrajn relevanti li hemm fid-dirrettiva 1999/5/EC. Magyar[Hungarian] Alulírott, Buffalo Technology Inc. nyilatkozom, hogy a AirStation WCR-GN megfelel a vonatkozó alapvetõ követelményeknek és az 1999/5/EC irányelv egyéb elõírásainak. Polski[Polish] Niniejszym, Buffalo Technology Inc., deklaruję, że AirStation WCR-GN spełnia wymagania zasadnicze oraz stosowne postanowienia zawarte Dyrektywie 1999/5/EC. Português[Portuguese] Buffalo Technology Inc. declara que este AirStation WCR-GN está conforme com os requisitos essenciais e outras disposições da Directiva 1999/5/CE. Slovensko[Slovenian] Buffalo Technology Inc. izjavlja, da je ta AirStation WCR-GN v skladu z bistvenimi zahtevami in ostalimi relevantnimi določili direktive 1999/5/ES. Slovensky[Slovak] Buffalo Technology Inc. týmto vyhlasuje, že AirStation WCR-GN spĺňa základné požiadavky a všetky príslušné ustanovenia Smernice 1999/5/ES. Suomi[Finnish] Buffalo Technology Inc. vakuuttaa täten että AirStation WCR-GN tyyppinen laite on direktiivin 1999/5/EY oleellisten vaatimusten ja sitä koskevien direktiivin muiden ehtojen mukainen. Svensk[Swedish] Härmed intygar Buffalo Technology Inc. att denna AirStation WCR-GN står I överensstämmelse med de väsentliga egenskapskrav och övriga relevanta bestämmelser som framgår av direktiv 1999/5/EG. WCR-GN User Manual 103

105 Appendix E Regulatory Compliance Information Industry Canada statement This device complies with RSS-210 of the Industry Canada Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) This device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation. IMPORTANT NOTE: Radiation Exposure Statement: This equipment complies with IC radiation exposure limits set forth for an uncontrolled environment. This equipment should be installed and operated with minimum distance 20cm between the radiator & your body. 根 據 NCC 低 功 率 電 波 輻 射 性 電 機 管 制 辦 法 : 第 十 二 條 : 經 型 式 認 證 合 格 之 低 功 率 射 頻 電 機, 非 經 許 可, 公 司 商 號 或 使 用 者 均 不 得 擅 自 變 更 頻 率 加 大 功 率 或 變 更 原 設 計 之 特 性 及 功 能 第 十 四 條 : 低 功 率 射 頻 電 機 之 使 用 不 得 影 響 飛 航 安 全 及 干 擾 合 法 通 信 ; 經 發 現 有 干 擾 現 象 時, 應 立 即 停 用, 並 改 善 至 無 干 擾 時 方 得 繼 續 使 用 前 項 合 法 通 信, 指 依 電 信 法 規 定 作 業 之 無 線 電 通 信 低 功 率 射 頻 電 機 須 忍 受 合 法 通 信 或 工 業 科 學 及 醫 療 用 電 波 輻 射 性 電 機 設 備 之 干 擾 기종별 B 급 기기 ( 가정용 정보통신기기 ) 사 용 자 안 내 문 이 기기는 가정용 (B 급 ) 전자파적합기기로서 주 로 가정에서 사용하는 것을 목적으로 하며, 모든 지역에서 사용할 수 있습니다. WCR-GN User Manual 104

106 Appendix F - Environmental Information The equipment that you have purchased has required the extraction and use of natural resources for its production. The equipment may contain hazardous substances that could impact health and the environment. In order to avoid the dissemination of those substances in our environment and to diminish the pressure on the natural resources, we encourage you to use the appropriate take-back systems. The take-back systems will reuse or recycle most of the materials of your end life equipment in a sound way. The crossed-out wheeled bin symbol invites you to use those systems. If you need more information on the collection, reuse and recycling systems, please contact your local or regional waste administration. WCR-GN User Manual 105

107 Appendix G - GPL Information The source code for Buffalo products that use GPL code is available at WCR-GN User Manual 106

108 Appendix H - Warranty Information Buffalo Technology (Buffalo Inc.) products come with a two-year limited warranty from the date of purchase. Buffalo Technology (Buffalo Inc.) warrants to the original purchaser the product; good operating condition for the warranty period. This warranty does not include non-buffalo Technology (Buffalo Inc.) installed components. If the Buffalo product malfunctions during the warranty period, Buffalo Technology/(Buffalo Inc.) will, replace the unit, provided the unit has not been subjected to misuse, abuse, or non-buffalo Technology/(Buffalo Inc.) authorized alteration, modifications or repair. All expressed and implied warranties for the Buffalo Technology (Buffalo Inc) product line including, but not limited to, the warranties of merchantability and fitness of a particular purpose are limited in duration to the above period. Under no circumstances shall Buffalo Technology/(Buffalo Inc.) be liable in any way to the user for damages, including any lost profits, lost savings or other incidental or consequential damages arising out of the use of, or inability to use the Buffalo products. In no event shall Buffalo Technology/(Buffalo Inc.) liability exceed the price paid for the product from direct, indirect, special, incidental, or consequential damages resulting from the use of the product, its accompanying software, or its documentation. Buffalo Technology (Buffalo Inc.) does not offer refunds for any Buffalo Technology (Buffalo, Inc.) WCR-GN User Manual 107