High-Speed Gigabit Data Transmission Across Various Cable Media at Various Lengths and Data Rate
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1 Application Report SLLA091 - November 2000 High-Speed Gigabit Data Transmission Across Various Cable Media at Various Lengths and Data Rate Boyd Barrie, Huimin Xia ABSTRACT Wizard Branch, Bus Solution Group This application report focuses on characteristics of gigabit signals across different cable media, transmission distance, and Data Rates. The signal quality of four different cables is evaluated using eye measurements and TI s TLK2500 evaluation modules (EVMs). This document provides guidance for cable selection to use with Texas Instruments line of gigabit parts. Contents 1 Introduction Base Line Eye Measurement Description Test Setup Test Result Conclusion Cat5 Cable Eye Measurement Description Test Setup Test Result Cable A - BELDEN-E DATATWIST 1585A Cable B - BELDEN-M DATATWIST 1701A Cable C - BELDEN-M MEDIATWIST 1872A Conclusion Twinax Cable Eye Measurement...11 Appendix...14 Figures Figure 1. Base Line Test Setup...4 Figure 2. Bar Chart of Eye Measurement...5 Figure 3. Picture of the Cables...6 Figure 4. Picture of the Test Setup...6 Figure 5. Cable Eye Measurement Test Setup...7 Figure 6. Picture of the SMA-to-RJ45 Adapter Board...7 Figure 7. Jitter and Eye Height vs Data Rate of Cable A...8 Figure 8. Jitter and Eye Height vs Data Rate of Cable B...9 Figure 9. Jitter and Eye Height vs Data Rate of Cable C...9 Figure 10. Jitter vs Cable Length...10 Figure 11. Vod vs Cable Length...10 Figure 12. Picture of Gore Twinax Cable...11 Figure 13. Interface Board
2 Figure 14. Jitter and Eye Height vs Data Rate of Cable D...12 Figure 15. Eye R_Ref=100 O Captured From HP83480A...14 Figure 16. Eye R_Ref=200 O Captured From HP83480A...15 Figure 17. Eye R_Ref=500? Captured From HP83480A...16 Figure 18. Cable A - Eye 1 m Captured From HP83480A...17 Figure 19. Cable A - Eye 2 m Captured From HP83480A...18 Figure 20. Cable A - Eye 3 m Captured From HP83480A...19 Figure 21. Cable A - Eye 5 m Captured From HP83480A...20 Figure 22. Cable A - Eye 10 m Captured From HP83480A...21 Figure 23. Cable A - Eye 15 m Captured From HP83480A...22 Figure 24. Cable B - Eye 1 m Captured From HP83480A...23 Figure 25. Cable B - Eye 2 m Captured From HP83480A...24 Figure 26. Cable B - Eye 3 m Captured From HP83480A...25 Figure 27. Cable B - Eye 5 m Captured From HP83480A...26 Figure 28. Cable B - Eye 10 m Captured From HP83480A...27 Figure 29. Cable B - Eye 15 m Captured From HP83480A...28 Figure 30. Cable C - Eye 1 m Captured From HP83480A...29 Figure 31. Cable C - Eye 2 m Captured From HP83480A...30 Figure 32. Cable C - Eye 3 m Captured From HP83480A...31 Figure 33. Cable C - Eye 5 m Captured From HP83480A...32 Figure 34. Cable C - Eye 10 m Captured From HP83480A...33 Figure 35. Cable C - Eye 15 m Captured From HP83480A...34 Figure 36. Cable D - Eye 1 m Captured From HP83480A...35 Figure 37. Cable D - Eye 5 m Captured From HP83480A...36 Figure 38. Cable D - Eye 15 m Captured From HP83480A...37 Figure 39. Cable D - Eye 20 m Captured From HP83480A...38 Tables Table 1. Base Line Eye Measurements...4 Table 2. Cable A - Eye Measurement...8 Table 3. Cable B - Eye Measurement...8 Table 4. Cable C - Eye Measurement...9 Table 5. Cable D - Eye Measurement High-Speed Gigabit Data Transmission Across Various Cable Media at Various Lengths and Data Rate
3 1 Introduction The transmission line plays an important role in network communication. The signal quality is mainly decided by the cable performance. The general issue in communication s cabling is the ability to handle the required Data Rate over a given distance. This report shows the customer the characteristics of gigabit signals across different cables via different lengths and Data Rates. Four different cables are tested using the TLK2500EVM board with a TLK2500 multigigabit transceiver and an interface board for the cable test. The TLK2500 evaluation module (EVM) board is used to evaluate the TLK2500 for data transmission applications. All tests are performed at room temperature with nominal performing TLK2500 devices. 2 Base Line Eye Measurement 2.1 Description This test is used to establish a base line eye measurement over three different R-Ref values and three different frequencies. The test uses the TLK2500EVM in test mode configured to generate PRBS (pseudo random bit stream) pattern. TLK2500 offers the options for the voltage swing by adjusting reference resistor R_Ref and termination resistor Z. The equation for the de-emphasis is as follows. Vod=(3.75/R_Ref)*Z (in our case, Z=50 for the transmission line) The theoretical values for the various R_Ref are as follows: R_Ref=100 R_Ref=200 R_Ref=500 Vod=1875 mv Vod=937.5 mv Vod=375 mv 2.2 Test Setup The test set up for the baseline eye measurement is shown below: High-Speed Gigabit Data Transmission Across Various Cable Media at Various Lengths and Data Rate 3
4 HP8133A Trigger out Pulse out GTX_CLK TX+ TX- CH1 CH2 Trigger TLK2500EVM HP83480A Figure 1. Base Line Test Setup Baseline testing will be tested at boundary conditions that represent maximum, nominal, and minimum high-speed serial output voltage swing. This will require changing R-Ref resistor to 100, 200, and 500 Ω. 2.3 Test Result At normal ambient temperature, record eye measurements were recorded at different R-Ref values over various frequencies in the following table. Table 1. Base Line Eye Measurements R-Ref 1.6 Gbps 2.0 Gbps 2.5 Gbps (Ohm) Jitter (ps) Vod (mv) Jitter (ps) Vod (mv) Jitter (ps) Vod (mv) High-Speed Gigabit Data Transmission Across Various Cable Media at Various Lengths and Data Rate
5 Jitter vs data rate Eye height vs data rate R_REF=100 Ohm R_REF=200 Ohm R_REF=500 Ohm R_REF=100 Ohm R_REF=200 Ohm R_REF=500 Ohm Jitter (ps) Data rate (Gbps) Eye height (mv) Data rate (Gbps) Figure 2. Bar Chart of Eye Measurement 2.4 Conclusion From the testing results, we can see that by selecting R_REF=100 for the test results in maximum output swing over the various Data Rates. Since cable length is more amplitude dependent than jitter dependent, 100 Ω was selected as the R_REF value for testing the different cable lengths. An R_REF=200 Ω was selected for the default on EVM measurements for optimum jitter. Little discrepancy exists between the theoretical value we got from the formula and the test result. This is mainly due to the cable and connector insertion loss. 3 Cat5 Cable Eye Measurement 3.1 Description This test is used to establish eye measurement over cable length and frequency. The test uses the TLK2500EVM in test mode configured to generate a PRBS pattern. The PRBS pattern will be sent across different cable lengths until a maximum length is reached. The maximum length is when the signal running over the cable length exhibits either a 60% eye closure or eye height drops below 200 mv Cable selection. Since cable quality contributes strongly to signal quality, cable quality should be evaluated in detail. Three different cat5 cables were tested using TLK2500EVM. Cable A: BELDEN-E DATATWIST 1585A CAT5, specified up to 200-MHz, blue cable in the following figure, to the left Cable B: BELDEN-M DATATWIST 1701A CAT5 (exceeding CAT5), specified up to 350 MHz, white cable in the following figure, in the middle Cable C: BELDEN-M MEDIATWIST 1872A High-Speed Gigabit Data Transmission Across Various Cable Media at Various Lengths and Data Rate 5
6 CAT5 (exceeding CAT5), specified up to 350 MHz, red cable in the following figure, to the right. Figure 3. Picture of the Cables 3.2 Test Setup GTX_CLK TX+ TX- Interface Board TLK2500EVM Pulse out Trigger out Cable under test HP8133A Trigger HP83480A CH1 CH2 Interface Board The picture of the above test setup follows. Figure 4. Picture of the Test Setup 6 High-Speed Gigabit Data Transmission Across Various Cable Media at Various Lengths and Data Rate
7 Figure 5. Cable Eye Measurement Test Setup The interface board used for testing the Belden cable is ansma-to-rj45 adapter board (picture below). Figure 6. Picture of the SMA-to-RJ45 Adapter Board High-Speed Gigabit Data Transmission Across Various Cable Media at Various Lengths and Data Rate 7
8 4 Test Result Cable A - BELDEN-E DATATWIST 1585A Table 2. Cable A - - Eye Measurement LENGTH 1.6 Gbps 2.0 Gbps 2.5 Gbps (m) Jitter (ps) Vod (mv) Jitter (ps) Vod (mv) Jitter (ps) Vod (mv) NO DATA Jitter vs data rate Eye height vs data rate 1m 2m 3m 5m 10m 15m 1m 2m 3m 5m 10m 15m Jitter (ps) Eye height (mv) Data Rate (Gbps) Data rate (Gbps) Figure 7. Jitter and Eye Height vs Data Rate of Cable A Cable B - BELDEN-M DATATWIST 1701A Table 3. Cable B - Eye Measurement LENGTH 1.6 Gbps 2.0 Gbps 2.5 Gbps (m) Jitter (ps) Vod (mv) Jitter (ps) Vod (mv) Jitter (ps) Vod (mv) # N/A # N/A # N/A 8 High-Speed Gigabit Data Transmission Across Various Cable Media at Various Lengths and Data Rate
9 Jitter vs data rate Eye height vs data rate Jitter (ps) m 2m 3m 5m 10 m 15 m Eye height (mv) m 2m 3m 5m 10 m 15 m Data rate (Gbps) Data rate (Gbps) Figure 8. Jitter and Eye Height vs Data Rate of Cable B Cable C - BELDEN-M MEDIATWIST 1872A Table 4. Cable C - Eye Measurement LENGTH 1.6 Gbps 2.0 Gbps 2.5 Gbps (m) Jitter (ps) Vod (mv) Jitter (ps) Vod (mv) Jitter (ps) Vod (mv) #N/A Jitter vs data rate Eye height vs data rate 1m 2m 3m 5m 10m 15m 1m 2m 3m 5m 10m 15m Jitter (ps) Eye height (mv) Data rate (Gbps) Data rate (Gbps) Figure 9. Jitter and Eye Height vs Data Rate of Cable C High-Speed Gigabit Data Transmission Across Various Cable Media at Various Lengths and Data Rate 9
10 4.4 Conclusion In summary, the various characteristics of the cable tests are shown below. Jitter vs Cable Length Jitter (ps) A 1.6Gbps 1701A 1.6Gbps 1872A 1.6Gbps 1585A 2.0Gbps 1701A 2.0Gbps 1872A 2.0Gbps 1585A 2.5Gbps 1701A 2.5Gbps 1872A 2.5Gbps Cable Length (m) Figure 10. Jitter vs Cable Length Vod vs Cable Length Vod (mv) A 1.6Gbps 1701A 1.6Gbps 1872A 1.6Gbps 1585A 2.0Gbps 1701A 2.0Gbps 1872A 2.0Gbps 1585A 2.5Gbps 1701A 2.5Gbps 1872A 2.5Gbps Cable Length (m) Figure 11. Vod vs Cable Length The eye height decreased with an increase in frequency and may be limited by rise time. 10 High-Speed Gigabit Data Transmission Across Various Cable Media at Various Lengths and Data Rate
11 At short length, the PLL jitter improves with increasing the Data Rate, but on longer cable runs, the cable length will dominate the PLL jitter performance. We can see, at some given length, the jitter increased with increasing the Data Rate. The amplitude loss is more significant than jitter in long distance transmission. This amplitude loss could have resulted due to connector reflections or cable loss. From the test results of the four cables, we can see that the MediaTwist 1872A cable is the best solution. It provides a maximum cable length of 10m at 2.5 Gbps. 5 Twinax Cable Eye Measurement In this measurement, we chose Gore DXSN2095 twinax cable for testing. We used the same test setup except for the interface board. This time a Teradyne VHDM backplane open-ended differential interface board was used (part #494_ ). The cable is shown in the figure12, and the interface board is shown in figure 13. Figure 12. Picture of Gore Twinax Cable Figure 13. Interface Board High-Speed Gigabit Data Transmission Across Various Cable Media at Various Lengths and Data Rate 11
12 Table 5. Cable D - Eye Measurement LENGTH 1.6 Gbps 2.0 Gbps 2.5 Gbps (m) Jitter (ps) Vod (mv) Jitter (ps) Vod (mv) Jitter (ps) Vod (mv) #N/A #N/A Jitter vs data rate Eye height vs data rate 1m 5m 15m 20m 1m 5m 15m 20m Jitter (ps) Eye height (mv) Data rate (Gbps) Data rate (Gbps) Figure 14. Jitter and Eye Height vs Data Rate of Cable D Cat5 cable is cost effective vs Gore Twinax cable, but the Gore cable gives better performance. The Gore cable's maximum length is Gbps. 12 High-Speed Gigabit Data Transmission Across Various Cable Media at Various Lengths and Data Rate
13 References 1. DATATWIST A Specifications Rev.13E, Belden Technical papers Dec, DATATWIST A Specifications Rev.12, Belden Technical papers Dec, MEDIATWIST A Specifications Rev.6, Belden Technical papers Dec, Performance of LVDS With Different Cables Application Report (SLLA053), Aug, 1999 High-Speed Gigabit Data Transmission Across Various Cable Media at Various Lengths and Data Rate 13
14 Appendix Figure 15. Eye R_Ref=100 O Captured From HP83480A Figure 1.6-GHz Data Rate Figure 2.0-Gbps date rate 14 High-Speed Gigabit Data Transmission Across Various Cable Media at Various Lengths and Data Rate
15 Figure 2.5-Gbps Data Rate Figure 16. Eye R_Ref=200 O Captured From HP83480A Figure 1.6-Gbps Data Rate Figure 2.0-Gbps Data Rate High-Speed Gigabit Data Transmission Across Various Cable Media at Various Lengths and Data Rate 15
16 Figure 2.5-Gbps Data Rate Figure 17. Eye R_Ref=500? Captured From HP83480A Figure 1.6-Gbps Data Rate Figure 2.0-Gbps Data Rate 16 High-Speed Gigabit Data Transmission Across Various Cable Media at Various Lengths and Data Rate
17 Figure 2.5-Gbps Data Rate Figure 18. Cable A - Eye 1 m Captured From HP83480A Figure 1.6-Gbps Data Rate Figure 2.0-Gbps Data Rate High-Speed Gigabit Data Transmission Across Various Cable Media at Various Lengths and Data Rate 17
18 Figure 2.5-Gbps Data Rate Figure 19. Cable A - Eye 2 m Captured From HP83480A Figure 1.6-Gbps Data Rate Figure 2.0-Gbps Data Rate 18 High-Speed Gigabit Data Transmission Across Various Cable Media at Various Lengths and Data Rate
19 Figure 2.5-Gbps Data Rate Figure 20. Cable A - Eye 3 m Captured From HP83480A Figure 1.6-Gbps Data Rate Figure 2.0-Gbps Data Rate High-Speed Gigabit Data Transmission Across Various Cable Media at Various Lengths and Data Rate 19
20 Figure 2.5-Gbps Data Rate Figure 21. Cable A - Eye 5 m Captured From HP83480A Figure 1.6-Gbps Data Rate Figure 2.0-Gbps Data Rate 20 High-Speed Gigabit Data Transmission Across Various Cable Media at Various Lengths and Data Rate
21 Figure 2.5-Gbps Data Rate Figure 22. Cable A - Eye 10 m Captured From HP83480A Figure 1.6-Gbps Data Rate Figure 2.0-Gbps Data Rate High-Speed Gigabit Data Transmission Across Various Cable Media at Various Lengths and Data Rate 21
22 Figure 2.5-Gbps Data Rate Figure 23. Cable A - Eye 15 m Captured From HP83480A Figure 1.6-Gbps Data Rate Figure 2.0-Gbps Data Rate 22 High-Speed Gigabit Data Transmission Across Various Cable Media at Various Lengths and Data Rate
23 Figure 2.5-Gbps Data Rate Figure 24. Cable B - Eye 1 m Captured From HP83480A Figure 1.6-Gbps Data Rate Figure 2.0-Gbps Data Rate High-Speed Gigabit Data Transmission Across Various Cable Media at Various Lengths and Data Rate 23
24 Figure 2.5-Gbps Data Rate Figure 25. Cable B - Eye 2 m Captured From HP83480A Figure 1.6-Gbps Data Rate Figure 2.0-Gbps Data Rate 24 High-Speed Gigabit Data Transmission Across Various Cable Media at Various Lengths and Data Rate
25 Figure 2.5-Gbps Data Rate Figure 26. Cable B - Eye 3 m Captured From HP83480A Figure 1.6-Gbps Data Rate Figure 2.0-Gbps Data Rate High-Speed Gigabit Data Transmission Across Various Cable Media at Various Lengths and Data Rate 25
26 Figure 2.5-Gbps Data Rate Figure 27. Cable B - Eye 5 m Captured From HP83480A Figure 1.6-Gbps Data Rate Figure 2.0-Gbps Data Rate 26 High-Speed Gigabit Data Transmission Across Various Cable Media at Various Lengths and Data Rate
27 Figure 2.5-Gbps Data Rate Figure 28. Cable B - Eye 10 m Captured From HP83480A Figure 1.6-Gbps Data Rate Figure 2.0-Gbps Data Rate High-Speed Gigabit Data Transmission Across Various Cable Media at Various Lengths and Data Rate 27
28 Figure 2.5-Gbps Data Rate Figure 29. Cable B - Eye 15 m Captured From HP83480A Figure 1.6-Gbps Data Rate Figure 2.0-Gbps Data Rate 28 High-Speed Gigabit Data Transmission Across Various Cable Media at Various Lengths and Data Rate
29 Figure 2.5-Gbps Data Rate Figure 30. Cable C - Eye 1 m Captured From HP83480A Figure 1.6-Gbps Data Rate Figure 2.0-Gbps Data Rate High-Speed Gigabit Data Transmission Across Various Cable Media at Various Lengths and Data Rate 29
30 Figure 2.5-Gbps Data Rate Figure 31. Cable C - Eye 2 m Captured From HP83480A Figure 1.6-Gbps Data Rate Figure 2.0-Gbps Data Rate 30 High-Speed Gigabit Data Transmission Across Various Cable Media at Various Lengths and Data Rate
31 Figure 2.5-Gbps Data Rate Figure 32. Cable C - Eye 3 m Captured From HP83480A Figure 1.6-Gbps Data Rate Figure 2.0-Gbps Data Rate High-Speed Gigabit Data Transmission Across Various Cable Media at Various Lengths and Data Rate 31
32 Figure 2.5-Gbps Data Rate Figure 33. Cable C - Eye 5 m Captured From HP83480A Figure 1.6-Gbps Data Rate Figure 2.0-Gbps Data Rate 32 High-Speed Gigabit Data Transmission Across Various Cable Media at Various Lengths and Data Rate
33 Figure 2.5-Gbps Data Rate Figure 34. Cable C - Eye 10 m Captured From HP83480A Figure 1.6-Gbps Data Rate Figure 2.0-Gbps Data Rate High-Speed Gigabit Data Transmission Across Various Cable Media at Various Lengths and Data Rate 33
34 Figure 2.5-Gbps Data Rate Figure 35. Cable C - Eye 15 m Captured From HP83480A Figure 1.6-Gbps Data Rate Figure 2.0-Gbps Data Rate 34 High-Speed Gigabit Data Transmission Across Various Cable Media at Various Lengths and Data Rate
35 Figure 2.5-Gbps Data Rate Figure 36. Cable D - Eye 1 m Captured From HP83480A Figure 1.6-Gbps Data Rate Figure 2.0-Gbps Data Rate High-Speed Gigabit Data Transmission Across Various Cable Media at Various Lengths and Data Rate 35
36 Figure 2.5-Gbps Data Rate Figure 37. Cable D - Eye 5 m Captured From HP83480A Figure 1.6-Gbps Data Rate Figure 2.0-Gbps Data Rate 36 High-Speed Gigabit Data Transmission Across Various Cable Media at Various Lengths and Data Rate
37 Figure 2.5-Gbps Data Rate Figure 38. Cable D - Eye 15 m Captured From HP83480A Figure 1.6-Gbps Data Rate Figure 2.0-Gbps Data Rate High-Speed Gigabit Data Transmission Across Various Cable Media at Various Lengths and Data Rate 37
38 Figure 2.5-Gbps Data Rate Figure 39. Cable D - Eye 20 m Captured From HP83480A Figure 1.6-Gbps Data Rate Figure 2.0-Gbps Data Rate 38 High-Speed Gigabit Data Transmission Across Various Cable Media at Various Lengths and Data Rate
39 Figure 2.5-Gbps Data Rate High-Speed Gigabit Data Transmission Across Various Cable Media at Various Lengths and Data Rate 39
40 IMPORTANT NOTICE Texas Instruments and its subsidiaries (TI) reserve the right to make changes to their products or to discontinue any product or service without notice, and advise customers to obtain the latest version of relevant information to verify, before placing orders, that information being relied on is current and complete. All products are sold subject to the terms and conditions of sale supplied at the time of order acknowledgment, including those pertaining to warranty, patent infringement, and limitation of liability. TI warrants performance of its semiconductor products to the specifications applicable at the time of sale in accordance with TI s standard warranty. Testing and other quality control techniques are utilized to the extent TI deems necessary to support this warranty. Specific testing of all parameters of each device is not necessarily performed, except those mandated by government requirements. Customers are responsible for their applications using TI components. In order to minimize risks associated with the customer s applications, adequate design and operating safeguards must be provided by the customer to minimize inherent or procedural hazards. TI assumes no liability for applications assistance or customer product design. TI does not warrant or represent that any license, either express or implied, is granted under any patent right, copyright, mask work right, or other intellectual property right of TI covering or relating to any combination, machine, or process in which such semiconductor products or services might be or are used. TI s publication of information regarding any third party s products or services does not constitute TI s approval, warranty or endorsement thereof. Copyright 2000, Texas Instruments Incorporated
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