RFID in the Supply Chain

Transcription

1 RFID in the Supply Chain Pedro M. Reyes Me Gram/ Hill New York Chicago San Francisco Lisbon London Madrid Mexico City Milan New Delhi San Juan Seoul Singapore Sydney Toronto

2 Foreword Preface ix xi Part I Introduction and Overview 1 Introduction 3 Brief History of Past Business Technologies 3 What Is This Thing Called RFID? 3 Why All the Hype? 4 Motivation and Organization of this Book 5 Basics of RFID 5 EPCglobal v 6 Challenges and Issues 7 Case Studies 8 Summary and a Look Ahead 9 2 RFID RFID History 11 Early History of RFID and Overview to Present 11 History of Later RFID Developments 12 Research on RFID in Supply Chains 15 RFID Today 16 RFID System Components/ 19 RFID Tags 19 RFID Antenna 24 RFID Multiplexers 26 RFID Readers 26 RFID Printers 27 Communication Infrastructure 27 Advantages of RFID Technology 29 Limitations of RFID Technology 31 3 EPCglobal Overview and Standards 33 EPC Tags 34 Class-1: Identity Tags 34 Class-2: Higher-Functionality Tags 35 Class-3: Battery-Assisted Passive Tags (Called Semipassive Tags in UHF Gen 2) 35 Class-4: Active Tags 35 V

3 Standards 36 EPCglobal Architecture Framework 36 Exchange 36 Capture 38 Identify 40 An Example: GS1 EPCglobal's RFID-Based EAS Source Tagging 43 Part II Issues and Challenges 4 Challenges in Designing RFID Applications 47 Challenges 47 Operational Challenges 47 Technical Challenges 47 Financial Challenges 49 Security and Privacy Challenges 49 Environmental Challenges 49 RFID System Design 49 Variables and Factors 49 5 RFID Security and Privacy 55 Security Implications and Privacy Threats 57 RFID Security 57 RFID Privacy 58 Solutions to Security and Privacy Risks 59 6 Business Analytics 61 Investing in.rfid 61 Examples of RFID Implementation Successes 62 ROI for RFID 64 Business Processes Approach 65 Business Options Approach 66 Cost-Benefits Analysis Approach 67 A Combination/Hybrid Approach 67 ROI for Information Technology 68 Case Examples 68 RFID Frees Up Patient Beds 68 RFID Synergy at a Netherlands Hospital Part HI Case Studies 7 Supply Chain Visibility 77 Case 7.1: Alliance, Seeonic, and UPM Raflatac Collaborate on Item-Level Retail Display 77 Case 7.2: Gillette (2006) 79

4 vjj Case 7.3: Charles Vogele Group 81 Case 7.4: Intermountain Healthcare: Using RFID to Improve Laboratory Testing 82 How It Works 83 Input-Output Station 83 Case 7.5: Integris's Journey to RFID 84 Case 7.6: Memorial Hospital Miramar Benefits from a Real-Time Locating System 86 Patient Tracking 86 Improving Bed Turnover 88 Building on Benefits 88 Case 7.7: Mississippi Blood Services Banks on RFID 89 8 Asset Visibility 93 Case 8.1: Army Medical Center Looking to Boost Asset Awareness 93 Case 8.2: Asset Tracking Underway at WakeMed Cary Hospital 93 Case 8.3: Carolinas HealthCare System, Deploying RTLS at Its 20 Hospitals 95 Case 8.4: AeroScout Unveils New Asset-Tracking Platform 97 Case 8.5: Denver Health Adopting a Hospital-Wide RTLS System 98 Case 8.6: Emory Healthcare Tracks Its Pumps 100 Case 8.7: German Researchers to Test Networking Tags for Assets, Blood 102 Case 8.8: Howard Memorial Finds RFID Keeps Assets from Getting Lost 104 Case 8.9: Jackson Memorial Enlists Thousands of RFID Tags to Track Assets 106 Case 8.10: North Carolina Hospital Looks to RadarFind to Improve Asset Visibility 109 Case 8.11: New York Medical Center Tracks OR Equipment for Trauma Care 110 Case 8.12: Philips Introduces Asset-Tracking System for Health Care 112 Case 8.13: PinnacleHealth Extends Asset Tracking to Community Hospital Work-in-Progress Tracking 115 Case 9.1: Pro-X Pharmaceuticals Seeks RFID for Internal Benefits 115 Case 9.2: RFID Helps Endwave Track Work in Progress 117

5 VJii Contents Case 9.3: RFID Illuminates Work in Progress for Neonlite Library Management System 123 Case 10.1: National Library Board Singapore 127 Need for RFID System 127 Deploying RFID 128 Transforming the Organization 130 Case 10.2: Belgian University Library 131 Case 10.3: Winterthur Libraries 131 Case 10.4: Vienna Public Library Returnable Asset Tracking 133 Case 11.1: Australian Companies Say Pallet-Tracking Project Proves RFID's Mettle 133 Case 11.2: Rewe Deploying RFID Long-Range, Real-Time Locating System 136 Part IV Summary and Looking Ahead 12 Summing It Up and Looking Ahead 141 Challenges 141 Benefits in the Supply Chain 142 So, What's Next? 144 Bibliography 145 Index 151