Designing Interactive Systems

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Todd Caldwell
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1 THIRD EDITION Designing Interactive Systems A comprehensive guide to HCl, UX and interaction design David Benyon PEARSON Harlow, England London * New York Boston San Francisco Toronto Sydney * Auckland Singapore Hong Kong Tokyo Seoul Taipei * New Delhi Cape Town Säo Paulo Mexico City Madrid Amsterdam Munich Paris Milan

Boston San Francisco Toronto Sydney * Auckland Singapore Hong Kong Tokyo Seoul

2 Guided tour Preface Publisher's acknowledgements Parti Essentials of designing interactive systems xii xv xxv Introduction to Part I 2 1 Designing interactive systems: a fusion of skills The variety of interactive systems The concerns of interactive systems design Being digital The skills of the interactive systems designer Why being human-centred is important PACT: a framework for designing interactive systems Introduction People Activities Contexts Technologies Scoping a problem with PACT i 3 The process of human-centred interactive systems design Introduction Developing personas and scenarios Using scenarios throughout design A scenario-based design method Usability Introduction Accessibility Usability Acceptability Design principles Experience design Introduction Engagement Designing for pleasure Aesthetics Service design

5 Why being human-centred is important 20 22 22 22 23 23 2 PACT: a framework for designing interactive systems 25 25 2.1 Introduction 26 2.2 People 27 2.3 Activities 33 2.4 Contexts 34 2.

3 6 The Home Information Centre (HIC): a case study in designing interactive systems Introduction Scenarios for the HIC Evaluating early interface prototypes A first design The second interface design Part II Techniques for designing interactive systems 135 Introduction to Part II Understanding Understanding requirements Participative design Interviews Questionnaires Probes Card sorting techniques Working with groups Fieldwork: observing activities in situ Artefact collection and 'desk work' Envisionment Finding suitable representations Basic techniques Prototypes Envisionment in practice Design i Introduction Conceptual design Metaphors in design Conceptual design using scenarios Physical design Designing interactions Evaluation Introduction Expert evaluation Participant-based evaluation Evaluation in practice Evaluation: further issues Task analysis Goals, tasks and actions Task analysis and system design Hierarchical task analysis GOMS: a cognitive model of procedural knowledge Structural knowledge Cognitive work analysis

1 Understanding requirements 139 7.2 Participative design 141 7.3 Interviews 142 7.4 Questionnaires 146 7.5 Probes 152 7.6 Card sorting techniques 153 7.7 Working with groups 156 7.

4 ix 12 Visual interface design 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Graphical user interfaces Interface design guidelines 12.4 Psychological principles and interface design 12.5 Information design 12.6 Visualization 13 Multimodal interface design Social media 15.1 Introduction 15.2 Background ideas 15.3 Social networking 15.4 Sharing with others 15.5 The developing web Introduction 13.2 Interacting in mixed reality 13.3 Using sound at the interface 13.4 Tangible interaction 13.5 Gestural interaction and surface computing Part III Contexts for designing interactive systems Collaborative environments 16.1 Introduction 16.2 Issues for cooperative working 16.3 Technologies to support cooperative working 16.4 Collaborative virtual environments 16.5 Case study: developing a collaborative tabletop application 17 Agents and avatars Introduction to Part III Agents Designing websites 14.1 Introduction 14.2 Website development 14.3 The information architecture of websites 14.4 Navigation design for websites 14.5 Case study: designing the Robert Louis Stevenson website Adaptive systems 17.3 An architecture for agents 17.4 Applications of agent-based interaction 17.5 Avatars and conversational agents

1 Introduction 15.2 Background ideas 15.3 Social networking 15.4 Sharing with others 15.5 The developing web 341 341 342 345 351 355 359 13.1 Introduction 13.2 Interacting in mixed reality 13.

5 18 Ubiquitous computing 18.1 Ubiquitous computing 18.2 Information spaces 18.3 Blended spaces 18.4 Home environments 18.5 Navigating in wireless sensor networks Memory 21.3 Attention 21.4 Human error rife t\ 1 1V *V-i Introduction 22.2 Psychological theories of emotion Mobile computing 19.1 Introduction 19.2 Context awareness 19.3 Understanding in mobile computing 19.4 Designing for mobiles 19.5 Evaluation for mobile computing Detecting and recognizing emotions 22.4 Expressing emotion 22.5 Potential applications and key issues for further research 23 Cognition and action 23.1 Human information processing Wearable computing 20.1 Introduction 20.2 Smart materials 20.3 Material design 20.4 From materials to implants Situated action 23.3 Distributed cognition 23.4 Embodied cognition 23.5 Activity theory 24 Social interaction Part IV Foundations of designing interactive systems Introduction 24.2 Human communication 24.3 People in groups 24.4 Presence Introduction to Part IV 21 Memory and attention 21.1 Introduction Culture and identity

1 Introduction 19.2 Context awareness 19.3 Understanding in mobile computing 19.4 Designing for mobiles 19.5 Evaluation for mobile computing 435 435 436 437 439 441 443 449 22.

6 25 Perception and navigation 25.1 Introduction 25.2 Visual perception 25.3 Non-visual perception 25.4 Navigation U References Index Companion Website For open-access student resources specifically written to complement this textbook and support your learning, please visit Lecturer Resources For password-protected online resources tailored to support the use of this textbook in teaching, please visit

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