Computer Graphics. Dr. S.M. Malaek. Assistant: M. Younesi

Transcription

1 Computer Graphics Dr. S.M. Malaek Assistant: M. Younesi

2 Computer Graphics Time: Textbook: Sunday/Tuesday 13:30-15 روشهاي مدلسازي در محيط مجازي كامپيوتر دكتر سيدمحمدباقر ملاي ك معصومه يونسي COMPUTER GRAPHICS, Donald Haern, M. Pauline Baker (Second Edition) Introduction to Computer Graphics, Anirban Mukhopadhyay, Arup Chattopadhyay

3 Modeling Computers have become a powerful tool for the rapid and economical production of pictures and models. There is no area in which graphics displays cannot be used to some advantage.

4 What is Computer Graphics? Computer graphics generally means creation, storage and manipulation of models and images.

5 What is Computer Graphics? Such models come from diverse and expanding set of fields including physical, mathematical, artistic, biological, economical,.

6 Model Model, models, or modeling: a pattern, plan, representation, or description designed to show the structure or working of an object, system, or concept.

7 Physical Model

8 Physical Model A physical model is used to mean a physical representation of some things, for example a bolt or the solar system.

9 Physical Model The geometry of the model and the object it represents are often similar in the sense that one is a rescaling of the other. A scale model of the Singapore City Centre.

10 Physical Model Model of a war scene.

11 Physical Model Model of molecule.

12 Physical Model Cuddly toy

13 Mathematical Model

14 Mathematical Model A mathematical mode: it uses mathematical language to describe the behaviour of a system. Mathematical models are used in the science, engineering, economics and

15 Mathematical Model Examples: Population Growth Model of a particle in a potential field.

16 Mathematical Model A mathematical model describes a system by a set of variables and a set of equations that establish relationship between the variables.

17 Economics Model

18 Economic Model In economics, a model is a theoretical construct that represents economic processes by a set of variables and a set of logical and quantitative relationships between them.

19 Economic Model Economic models have two function: Simplification Selection

20 What is Computer Graphics? William Fetter coined term computer graphics in 1960 to describe new design methods he was pursuing at Boeing. Created a series of widely reproduced images on pen plotter exploring cockpit design, using 3D model of human body.

21 What is Computer Graphics? Perhaps the best way to define computer graphics is to find out what it is not. It is not a machine. It is not a computer, nor a group of computer programs. It is not the know-how of a graphic designer, a programmer, a writer, a motion picture specialist, or a reproduction specialist. Computer graphics is all these a consciously managed and documented technology directed toward communicating information accurately and descriptively.

22 What is Interactive Computer Graphics? User controls contents, structure, and appearance of objects and their displayed images via rapid visual feedback.

23 Interactive Computer Graphics Basic components of an interactive graphics system: input (e.g., mouse, tablet and stylus, scanner ) processing (and storage) display/output (e.g., screen, paper-based printer, video recorder )

24 Interactive Computer Graphics First truly interactive graphics system, Sketchpad, pioneered at MIT by Ivan Sutherland for his 1963 Ph.D. thesis. Sketchpad in Note use of a CRT monitor, light pen and function-key panel.

25 Interactive Computer Graphics Before Sketchpad, output via plotters/printers, input via keypunch. Card punching. IBM 704. took up a whole room and was capable of about 4,000 arithmetic operations/second.

26 Interactive Computer Graphics The Sketchpad system uses drawing as a novel communication medium for a computer. The system contains input, output, and computation programs which enable it to interpret information drawn directly on a computer display.

27 Interactive Computer Graphics Sketchpad has shown the most usefulness as an aid to the understanding of processes, such as the motion of linkages, which can be described with pictures. Sketchpad also makes it easy to draw highly repetitive or highly accurate drawings and to change drawings previously drawn with it

28 Interactive Computer Graphics Three factors be considered: Time Cost Quality

29 Interactive Computer Graphics Cost/Time ($/hr): Whirlwind, built in early 50 s at MIT, cost $4.5 million and could perform 40,000 additions/second. Mac 512K, list price $3,195 in 1984, could do 500,000. Today, commodity PCs perform approximately two or three billion operations/second.

30 Interactive Computer Graphics Quality: Eliminates error propagation by using data bases and transfer of data.

31 Computer Aided Design Presentation Graphics Computer Art Entertainment Education and training Visualization Image Processing Graphics User Interfaces

32 Computer Aided Design (CAD)

33 Computer Aided Design (CAD) A major use of computer graphics in design processes, particularly for engineering and architectural system. But almost all product are now computer designed.

34 Computer Aided Design (CAD) For some design applications, objects are first displayed in a wireframe outline form. Wireframe (outline) form shows the overall shape and internal features of objects.

35 Applications Computer Aided Design (CAD) CAD methods are now used in the design of: Buildings

36 Computer Aided Design (CAD) Automobiles

37 Computer Aided Design (CAD) Aircraft

38 Computer Aided Design (CAD) Watercraft

39 Computer Aided Design (CAD) Spacecraft Textiles

40 Computer Aided Design (CAD) Software package for CAD applications typically provide the designer with a multi-window environment.

41 Computer Aided Design (CAD) Circuits designed by successively placing components into the layout, with the graphics package automatically providing the connections between components.

42 Computer Aided Design (CAD) Animation are often used in CAD applications. Animation in virtual reality environment are used to determine how system operators are affected by certain motion.

43 Computer Aided Design (CAD) Virtual Reality (VR) Fishtank VR

44 Computer Aided Design (CAD) The manufacturing process is also tied in to the computer description of designed objects to automate the construction of the product.

45 Computer Aided Design (CAD) Architectural Designs

46 Computer Aided Design (CAD) Rug Pattern

47 Presentation Graphics

48 Presentation Graphics Presentation graphics used to product illustrations for reports or to generate 35-mm slides or transparencies for use with projectors.

49 Presentation Graphics Presentation graphics is used to: Statistical Mathematical Scientific Economic data Managerial report Consumer information bulletins

50 Presentation Graphics Typical examples of presentation graphics are: Bar Graphs Line Graphs Surface Graphs Pie Charts

51 Presentation Graphics Typical examples of presentation graphics are: Histogram Task Schedule Chart Inventory Chart Production Chart

52 Bar Charts Applications Presentation Graphics

53 Line Graphs Applications Presentation Graphics Series1 Series2 Series

54 Surface Graphs Applications Presentation Graphics

55 Presentation Graphics Pie Charts

56 Histogram: A Applications Presentation Graphics histogram is the graphical version of a able which shows what property of cases fall into each of several or many specified categories.

57 Presentation Graphics Task Scheduling chart: In project management, a schedule consists of a list of a project s terminal elements with intended start and finish dates.

58 Presentation Graphics Production Chart

59 Presentation Graphics Export Chart

60 Computer Art

61 Computer Art Computer graphics are widely used in both fine art and commercial art applications.

62 Fine Art Computer Art Paintbrush Program: It allows artists to paint pictures on the screen of a video monitor.

63 Computer Art Example of Paintbrush Methods:

64 Commercial Art Logos Applications Computer Art Page layout (Combining text and graphics) TV Advertising Spots

65 Commercial Art Advertising Applications Computer Art

66 Applications Computer Art Commercial Art Morphing: Where one object is transformed (metamorphosed) into another.

67 Commercial Art Morphing Applications Computer Art

68 Entertainment

69 Entertainment Computer graphics are now commonly used in making motion pictures, music video, and television shows.

70 Entertainment TV Shows

71 Entertainment Games

72 Entertainment Games

73 Education and Training

74 Education and Training Models of physical systems, physiological systems, population trends can help trainees to understand the operation of the system.

75 Education and Training For some training applications, special systems are designed. Color-coded diagram used to explain the operation of a nuclear reactor.

76 Education and Training Special systems are the simulators for practice session or training of ship captains, aircraft pilots, and air traffic control personnel.

77 Education and Training Flight Simulator

78 Education and Training Flight Simulator

79 Education and Training Flight Simulator

80 Education and Training Naval Simulator

81 Education and Training Naval Simulator

82 Visualization

83 Visualization Producing graphical representation for scientific, engineering, and medical data sets and processes is generally referred to as scientific visualization. The term business visualization is used in connection with data sets related to commerce, industry, and other nonscientific areas.

84 Visualization A Color-coded with 16 million density points of relative brightness.

85 Visualization Visualisation Techniques for Architecture

86 Visualization Distribution of galaxies

87 Visualization Visualisation of confocal microscope data

88 Mathematical data. Applications Visualization

89 Medical data. Visualization

90 Medical Data Visualization

91 Mars renderings Applications Visualization

92 Mars renderings Applications Visualization

93 Image Processing

94 Image Processing Image processing applies techniques to modify or interpret existing pictures, such as photographs and TV scans. Medicine uses these techniques to model and study physic functions, to artificial limbs, and to plan and practice surgery.

95 Medical Visualization Applications Image Processing

96 Graphics User Interfaces

97 Graphics User Interfaces A major component of a graphical interface is a window manager that allows a user to display multi-window areas.

98 Graphics User Interfaces Interfaces also display menus and icons for fast selection of processing options or parameter values. An icon is a graphical symbol that is designed to look like the processing option it represent.