WOODPOLIS

Transcription

1 WOODPOLIS Kyösti Heino (M.Eng.) Project Director Puusepänkatu Kuhmo Finland Mobile Telefax Kyosti.heino@woodpolis.fi

2 WOODPOLIS Energy efficient woodconstructions and -buildings Education Development

3 Wood processing in Kainuu takes a variety of forms: saw mill products, manufacturing of log and wood houses, window frames, panel boards and various kinds of smaller wood products.

4 KAINUU Mechanical Wood Processing Turnover approximately EUR 600 million per year Wood product industry share EUR 172 million per year Timber mill share approx. EUR 101 million per year (59%) 2,510 jobs ( from forest to housefactory ) Timber mill and wood industry share approx. 800 jobs 77 companies in mechanical wood industry in 2008 Export share 32% or approx. EUR 53 million per year (timber mills approx. EUR 44 million) Product upgrading employs approximately 560 people

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6 Woodpolis 2012

7 Organization and project map City of Kuhmo WOODPOLIS Steering: Aalto University, Oulu University, Kajaani University of Applied Sciences, KAO, Kainuun Etu Oy, Corporate representation, City of Kuhmo representation Business Development Manager Tuulikki Huusko City of Kuhmo Education factory Production Manager Timo Toivanen Production, planer Timo Komulainen City of Kuhmo Pro ECo Development project Project Director Kyösti Heino Structural Engineer Tapani Kiiskinen Centres for Economic Development, Transport and the Environment Eco Training Education Project Manager Heikki Kähkönen Education Manager Timo Mäkisalo Regional State Administrative Agencies etc. Woodpolis-inno Investment project e.g. new production machinery Centres for Economic Development, Transport and the Environment

8 What is Woodpolis? Wood construction knowledge centre Woodpolis is engaged in international activity Woodpolis is a network R&D partners include Aalto University/ Helsinki University of Technology and the University of Oulu Education partners include Kajaani University of Applied Sciences, Kainuu Vocational College Modern engineering design and manufacture (CAD/CAM) Energy efficiency in wood construction, both products and training Training programme in wood construction engineering (B.Eng.) was launched in January 2009 Woodpolis develops and refines fundamental research results from universities and other research institutions and transfers it to the business community Modern technology utilized in product development

9 Woodpolis focuses on wood construction: 1) New products through product development 2) Wood construction systems development 3) Enterprise development projects 4) Training 5) Subcontracting services and the time machine

10 Companies! Cooperation agreement with 25 companies. Vuokatti Hirsitalot Oy, Oy Timber Frame Ltd, Kuhmon Puuelementti Oy, Kuhmon AA-Puu Oy, Kuhmo Oy, Finwood Oy, Kuhmon Puupalvelu Oy, Kuhmon Ikkuna Oy, Movein Marketing Oy, Alppisalvos Oy, Kuhmon Rakennus-Sauma Ky, Puutavaraliike Kemppainen Ky, Kiinteistöpalvelut Pääkkönen Ky, Puulehto Oy, PHPT Wood, Puu Hanski Oy, Arktos Group Oy, Vuokatin Kalustelevy Oy, Eko-pine Oy, Hirsiveisto Laasonen Ay, Sapsopuu, Liuski Timber

11 Climate change Yle.fi Janina.vuodatus.net Satuhassi.net Airas.keittiosaneeraus.fi Jannehaarni.wordpress.com

12 Greenhouse effect Water vapour, carbon dioxide, methane and other greenhouse gases trap heat radiation in the atmosphere. The natural greenhouse effect supports life on Earth. However, human actions increase the amount of greenhouse gases, causing fear of rapidly rising temperatures on Earth.

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14 Earth's climate history during the last 600 million years

15 Earth's climate history during the last 400,000 years

16 Temperature development on Earth during the last 170 years

17 Temperature development on Earth during the last 30 years

18 Facts During the last 100 years, Earth's climate temperature has risen by approximately 0.6 degrees. The amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is now 380 ppm (parts per million). Before industrialisation, 200 years ago, the figure was 280 ppm. The last one hundred years is a very small time frame, considering Earth's geological history. It is certain that the atmosphere is heating up. However, it is difficult to predict how much and at what speed. It is a fact that the current carbon dioxide amounts are the highest in 650,000 years. It is also likely that the amounts are higher than in tens of millions of years. Earth's atmosphere started to cool down 52 million years ago, when the carbon dioxide amounts were at 700 ppm (the average temperature at the time was approx. +22 C) However, the biological species were different then and humans did not exist. According to current estimates, reaching this level in one hundred years is not at all impossible. For humanity, it is essential whether or not we can change and adapt to an environment on Earth where the conditions are very different from today. Source: Juha Pekka Lunkka, Professor of Surficial Geology, University of Oulu

19 Energy production on Earth

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21 Fossil energy source reserves (in years) Fossil fuel reserves-to-production (R/P) ratios at end 2008 Years Source: BP Statistical Review of World Energy June 2009.

22 Share of renewable energy sources (global energy) At the individual country level these sources are already playing an important role in some countries. For example, wind power generation has a significant share in total electricity generation in Denmark (around 20%), Spain (around 12%) and Germany (around 6%); geothermal sources account for more than a fifth of total electricity generated in Iceland, El Salvador and Kenya. Source: BP Statistical Review of World Energy June 2010.

23 Footprint due to consumption of the world's natural resources The consumption of Earth's natural resources in 2010 will be 1.5 times or 50% larger than the amount of resources Earth currently produces. On 21 September 2010, the consumption of resources exceeded their production.

24 Production of electricity by energy source in Finland in 2009 Nuclear power Water Wind Other energy sources Waste liquor Other wood fuels Coal Other renewable sources Peat Oil Gas Other fossil fuels Energy production 69.2 TWh Source: Production statistics for electricity and heat by Statistics Finland and electricity statistics by Energiateollisuus ry

25 Energy use in Finland

26 District or regional heating Oil, gas Electricity Coal Wood, peat Ground heat Other, unknown Heating methods for housing in Source: Statistics Finland.

27 Future energy sources Solar power Water power Wind power Seas Geothermal energy Fuel cells Nuclear fission Something else, such as methane plants or micro-chp techniques

28 Future directions for construction On 22 April 2008, the Ministry of Employment and the Economy nominated a broad committee whose task was to evaluate and suggest actions for energy saving and energy efficiency in accordance with the Long-Term Climate and Energy Strategy.

29 The goal is to achieve savings of 37 terawatt-hours in energy consumption by This number is twice the amount of all energy spent annually by the 1.1 million one-family houses in Finland. The proposals involve all domains of Finnish society. Actors in the construction domain are widely involved in the study.

30 Buildings in Finland In 2007, there were over 1.4 million buildings in Finland; the majority of the buildings (86%) were residential buildings. Buildings in Finland comprise approximately 414 million m2 in surface area, out of which residential buildings cover approximately 265 million m2 or two thirds. Out of all apartment buildings in Finland, approximately 50 million m2 or 56% were built during the 1950s 1970s. The need for renovating these apartment buildings is rapidly increasing. It has been estimated that renovation resources should grow two- or threefold in order to meet the renovation needs.

31 Increasingly tight regulations Trends in construction regulations 2012 Improving energy efficiency for new construction by approx. 20% 2013 First models for material efficiency 2015 Regulations improving total energy efficiency by 30 40% 2016 Improving energy efficiency functionality and material efficiency 2017 Material efficiency included in construction regulations 2019 Near-zero energy construction for public buildings

32 DEVELOPMENT OF ENERGY CONSUMPTION FOR HEATING

33 FINNISH PASSIVE HOUSE FINNISH DEFINITION CRITERION 1: need for heating energy Northern Finland 30 kwh/(m²a) Central Finland 25 kwh/(m²a) Source: Architect SAFA Kimmo Lylykangas Southern Finland coast 20 kwh/(m²a)

34 FINNISH DEFINITION CRITERION 3: air leak n /h Same as the international criteria for passive houses. Measured at the construction site in pressure tests with pressure differences of 50 Pa Recommendations: two measurements measurement in overpressure and low pressure - measurement equipment installed to the location of the exterior door Source: Architect SAFA Kimmo Lylykangas

35 DESIGN SOLUTIONS THAT REDUCE ENERGY NEED Compact form Good heat insulation Airtight exterior surface Efficient heat recovery in ventilation in practice, it requires mechanical ventilation Windows and doors that provide good insulation Reasonable window surface area Utilising heat-absorbing mass Avoiding mechanical cooling For example: structures that provide shade, blinders, solar reflection coating for windows Source: Architect SAFA Kimmo Lylykangas

36 Future of wood construction Low-lying and tightly built wooden houses, Oslo, Norway

37 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF USING WOOD PRODUCTS At the European level, if all residential buildings were built from wood instead of concrete Consumption of natural resources would decrease by 70%. Use of non-renewable sources would drop to one fourth of current levels. Use of renewable sources would increase to one fifth of total consumption. Energy consumption would decrease by 40%. Use of non-renewable production energy would drop by 50%. Share of renewable production energy would increase to 20%. Production of wooden construction products would create 15.3 GJ of energy as a by-product. Approximately 260 MGJ of energy from use of wooden buildings after reductions. CO 2 emissions would be reduced by 60% = approximately 10 Mt CO 2 Annually, the buildings would absorb 5.8 Mt CO 2. Source: Puumies magazine, issue 9/2009, Mikko Peltovirta

38 Energy consumption (Mj/kg) caused by production of construction products Wood Bricks Consumption of nonrenewable production energy (Mj/kg) Hot-dip galvanised steel Consumption of renewable production energy (Mj/kg) Energy from by-products Leca bricks Concrete (Mj/kg) Fuel value at the end of life span (Mj/kg) Source : Puuinfo Oy

39 Total energy consumption Mj/m2 Concrete wall Steel wall Thermal structure Wind cover (plaster plate) Sheet-metal casing Plaster plate Insulation (ecowool) Wood structure Wind cover (fibre plate) Wood coating Insulation: mineral wool Concrete Wood wall Source: Suomen Ympäristökeskus (Finland s environmental administration), SYKE Finica project

40 Timber production uses 2.9 MJ of renewable energy and 1.4 MJ of nonrenewable energy per kg of dry timber. Energy-from-waste by-products for timber production amount up to twice the amount of energy used (approx. 7 9 MJ/kg). After use, the wood can be recycled or burnt. The fuel value for burnt wood is 18.2 MJ/kg. 1 kwh = 3.6 MJ Source: Puuinfo Oy

41 Impact of construction materials The environmental impact of buildings will absolutely decrease. In current buildings, their use dominates; 80 90% of emissions is created during the use. In zero energy houses, the selected materials will dominate. Construction materials and transport Electrical systems Heating systems Ventilation Repairs Zero energy house, 100-year utilisation period

42 So, the building should be... Healthy, safe, pleasant, energy efficient, small in terms of environmental footprint, damp-proof, long-lasting, suitable for the location, aesthetic, etc.

43 Source : Puuinfo Oy Carbon cycle for wood products

44 Absorption of coal in trees Amount of carbon stored in trees (t C/ha) early stage growth stage mature stage Age of trees (years) long-term balance stage Source : Puuinfo Oy

45 The wood industry and wood construction are future domains from the point of view of sustainable development. Wood products are long-term carbon absorption solutions, and they replace materials such as concrete that use more energy during production. Source : Puuinfo Oy

46 U-values develops C C PASSIVHAUS 2012 US W/m 2 K 0.24 (external wall) AP maanv W/m 2 K 0.24 (ground floor) YP W/m 2 K 0.15 (roof slab) Ikk av. W/m 2 K 1.4 (window opening) Ikk kiinteä W/m 2 K 1.4 (window non opening) Ovi W/m 2 K 1.4 (door) LTOW/m 2 K 30% (heat recovery) 50 % > 80% TIIVEYS n (air leak)

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48 Sawn softwood consumption per capita 2007

49 TES TES-Project (international) WOODPOLIS Timberbased element systems for improving energy-efficiency of the building envelope 3 Universities (HUT Helsinki, TU München and NTNU Trondheim) 12 SME s (6 Finland, 3 Norway, 3 Germany) prototype design of large-scale prefabricated elements based on timber and other biogenic construction materials to improve the energy efficiency of the building envelope

50 TES WOODPOLIS Renovated apartment building, Nürnberg, Germany. Annual heating need before renovation was 204 kwh/(m2a), after renovation 27 kwh/(m2a). Top apartments were renovated according to passive house criteria, and their need for heating energy is 15 kwh/(m2a).

51 TES Suomen TES -saneerauskohde: Pohjankaleva Oulussa

52 TES

53 TES

54 POLTINAHO WOODPOLIS Poltinaho city district in Hämeenlinna Plot reservation competition in 2007 Woodpolis won its category New energy-efficient wooden buildings in an urban environment Series of 7 small houses

55 POLTINAHO Poltinaho Preliminary need for heating energy 17.3 kwh/m2/a Primary energy 136 kwh/m2/a Design currently ongoing Construction to be started in 2010 The site will be realised by three companies from the Woodpolis network

56 POLTINAHO

57 POLTINAHO

58 POLTINAHO

59 POLTINAHO

60 POLTINAHO

61 LINNANFÄLTTI Architect SAFA, Kimmo Lylykangas (area 1) Jagellonica

62 LINNANFÄLTTI Architect SAFA, Pekka Heikkinen (Area 4) Puzzle

63 LINNANFÄLTTI Area 1 Area 4

64 LUUKKU Solar Decathlon competition The goal is to design and build a fully self-sustaining building regarding energy Only solar energy allowed Invitational competition Part of the European Union research and innovation strategy on sustainable development and renewable energy sources

65 LUUKKU

66 LUUKKU

67 LUUKKU

68 LUUKKU Luukku House is a solar powered, self-sufficient, and sustainable wooden house.

69 Solar Decathlon 2010 Madrid, Espanja. LUUKKU

70 LUUKKU

71 LUUKKU

72 ALGARK

73 ALGARK

74 ALGARK

75 Spirit of Place Seurasaari Helsinki 2010 SPIRIT OF PLACE

76 SPIRIT OF PLACE