ReadyNAS OS 6.1 Software Manual

Transcription

1 Software Manual Models: ReadyNAS 102 ReadyNAS 104 ReadyNAS 312 ReadyNAS 314 ReadyNAS 316 ReadyNAS 516 ReadyNAS 2120 ReadyNAS 3220 ReadyNAS 4220 EDA 500 September East Plumeria Drive San Jose, CA USA

2 Support Thank you for purchasing this NETGEAR product. After installing your device, locate the serial number on the label of your product and use it to register your product at You must register your product before you can use NETGEAR telephone support. NETGEAR recommends registering your product through the NETGEAR website. For product updates, additional documentation, and support, visit Phone (US & Canada only): NETGEAR. Phone (Other Countries): Check the list of phone numbers at Trademarks NETGEAR, the NETGEAR logo, and Connect with Innovation are trademarks and/or registered trademarks of NETGEAR, Inc. and/or its subsidiaries in the United States and/or other countries. Information is subject to change without notice. NETGEAR All rights reserved. Revision History Publication Part Number Publish Date Comments September 2013 Update to reflect changes in firmware August 2013 Updated to reflect changes in firmware April 2103 Updated manual to support additional ReadyNAS models March 2013 First publication 2

3 Contents Chapter 1 Getting Started Quick-Start Guide Additional Documentation Supported Operating Systems Supported Browsers Diskless Systems Basic Installation Discover and Set Up Your ReadyNAS Local Setup Wizard Local Admin Page Access the Local Admin Page Register Your System Chapter 2 Volume Configuration Basic Volume and RAID Concepts Volumes RAID Manage Volumes Change RAID Mode View the Status of a Volume Configure the Checksum Function Create and Encrypt a Volume Delete a Volume Expand Storage Capacity Add Protection to a Volume Maintain Volumes Chapter 3 Shared Folders Basic Shared Folder Concepts Data Organization Shared Folder Defaults File and Folder Names File-Sharing Protocols Manage Shared Folders Create a Shared Folder View and Change the Properties of a Shared Folder Delete a Shared Folder Browse a Shared Folder Shared Folder Access Rights

4 User and Group Authentication Set Network Access Rights to Shared Folders Set Up Access Rights to Files and Folders Access Shared Folders from a Network-Attached Device Use a Web Browser Use a Windows Device Use a Mac OS X Device Use a Linux or Unix Device Use FTP and FTPS Use Rsync Access Shared Folders Using Cloud Services Use ReadyCLOUD Use ReadyNAS Remote Use ReadyDROP Chapter 4 LUNs Basic LUN Concepts Thin and Thick Provisioning Default LUN Settings Manage LUNs Create a LUN View and Change the Properties of a LUN Expand the Size of a LUN Delete a LUN LUN Groups and Access Rights Create a LUN Group Assign a LUN to a LUN Group Remove a LUN from a LUN Group Delete a LUN Group Manage Access Rights for LUN Groups Access LUN Groups from an iscsi-attached Device Set Up Initiator Access Initialize and Format LUNs Chapter 5 Snapshots Basic Snapshot Concepts Smart Snapshot Management Rolling Back Clones Manually Take a Snapshot Browse Snapshots Using Recovery Mode Roll Back to a Snapshot Roll Back to a Snapshot Using Recovery Mode Roll Back to a Snapshot Using the Timeline Clone Snapshots Delete Snapshots Delete Snapshots Using Recovery Mode

5 Delete Snapshots Using the Timeline Recover Data from a Snapshot Recover Data from a Snapshot to a Network-Attached Device Recover Data from a Snapshot to an iscsi-attached Device Chapter 6 Users and Groups Basic User and Group Concepts Home Folders User and Group Account Limitations User and Group Management Modes User Accounts Create User Accounts Edit User Accounts Delete User Accounts Change User Passwords Group Accounts Create Groups Edit Groups Delete Groups Cloud Users Grant Access to Cloud Users Cloud User Access Rights Chapter 7 System Settings Customize the Basic System Settings Set the Clock Select the Language Set the Administrator Password Configure System Alerts Configure the Host Name Enable Antivirus Configure the Network Settings Network Basic Concepts Configure the Ethernet Interfaces Configure Bonded Adapters Configure Global Settings for File-Sharing Protocols Basic File-Sharing Concepts Supported File-Sharing Protocols Configure File-Sharing Protocols Configure Media Services ReadyDLNA itunes Streaming Server Configure Discovery Services Install and Manage Apps Install Free Apps Enable the NETGEAR genie+ Marketplace Service Create a NETGEAR genie+ Marketplace Account

6 Purchase Apps Manage Installed Apps Chapter 8 System Maintenance System Monitoring System and Disk Health Information System Real-Time and Historical Monitoring System Logs SNMP Monitoring System Maintenance Update Firmware Reset the Firmware to Factory Defaults Recover the Administrator Password Shut Down or Restart the System Manage Power Usage Optional Uninterruptible Power Supplies Uninterruptible Power Supplies UPS Configurations Manage UPS Devices Chapter 9 Backup and Recovery Back Up or Restore System Configuration Basic Data Backup and Recovery Concepts Backup Concepts Recovery Concepts Secure Cloud Backups Backup Protocols Backup Job Recommendations Manage Backup and Recovery Jobs Create a Backup Job Create a Recovery Job Configure a Backup or Recovery Job Manually Start a Backup or Recovery Job Delete a Backup or Recovery Job View or Clear a Job Log Configure the Backup Button Time Machine Back Up Your Mac Using Time Machine Increase Your Time Machine Backup Capacity ReadyNAS Vault Dropbox ReadyNAS Replicate Enable ReadyNAS Replicate Chapter 10 Help Videos Available Videos

7 ReadyCLOUD Setup Time Machine Antivirus itunes Remote ReadyDROP ReadyDLNA PLEX Media Server Continuous Data Protection Tool-less Drive Installation Viewing Videos Appendix A Notification of Compliance 7

8 1. Getting Started 1 This manual describes how to configure and manage your ReadyNAS storage system. Your ReadyNAS storage system relies on the following applications: ReadyCLOUD. Use this online service to discover your ReadyNAS system on your local area network and access the local admin page. Local admin page. Use this browser-based interface to configure and manage your ReadyNAS system. This chapter includes the following sections: Quick-Start Guide Additional Documentation Supported Operating Systems Supported Browsers Diskless Systems Basic Installation Discover and Set Up Your ReadyNAS Local Setup Wizard Local Admin Page Register Your System 8

9 Quick-Start Guide This manual provides conceptual information about storage systems, detailed instructions about using your system, and NETGEAR s recommendations about configuring, managing, and backing up your system. NETGEAR recommends that you read this manual to make the best use of your storage system. To quickly start using your system, review the following sections in this order: 1. Basic Installation on page 11. You use ReadyCLOUD to discover your storage system on your network. 2. Create a Shared Folder on page 44. Shared folders are the way you organize the data you store on your ReadyNAS system. 3. Create a LUN on page 96. LUNs are SAN data sets that allow data transfer and storage over iscsi. 4. Basic Snapshot Concepts on page 127. Protect the data that is stored in folders and LUNs by creating snapshots. 5. Create User Accounts on page 155. You create a user account for each person that you want to allow to access your ReadyNAS system. 6. Configure Global Settings for File-Sharing Protocols on page 193. File-sharing protocols enable you to transfer files across a network. 7. Basic Data Backup and Recovery Concepts on page 241. You can back up the data that you store on your ReadyNAS system and you can use your ReadyNAS system to back up data that you store on other devices. Additional Documentation NETGEAR maintains a community website that supports ReadyNAS products. Visit for reviews, tutorials, comparison charts, software updates, documentation, an active user forum, and much more. For information about your system s hardware, see the hardware manual for your system, which is available at support.netgear.com/product/readynas-os6. Getting Started 9

10 Supported Operating Systems The ReadyNAS supports the following operating systems: Microsoft Windows 8 Microsoft Windows 7 Microsoft Windows Vista Apple Mac OS X10.5 Leopard or later Linux, Unix, Solaris Apple ios Google Android Supported Browsers The ReadyNAS local admin page supports the following browsers: Microsoft Internet Explorer 9.0+ Apple Safari 5.0+ Google Chrome 20+ Mozilla Firefox 14+ If you have difficulty accessing the local admin page or if you notice unexpected behavior, try using another browser. Diskless Systems If you have a diskless ReadyNAS storage system, you must first install and format at least one disk before you can discover your system with ReadyCLOUD or visit the local admin page. For more information, see the hardware manual for your system, which is available at You must use supported disks in your ReadyNAS system. For a list of supported disks, visit Getting Started 10

11 Basic Installation After you follow these instructions, your ReadyNAS system is ready to use in a production environment. Setup takes approximately 15 minutes. To install your storage system: 1. Install all available disks that you want to use in your storage system. Note: If you are using previously formatted disks that contain data, you must reformat these disks before continuing. For information about formatting disks, see the hardware manual for your system. For a list of supported disks, see the Hardware Compatibility List at For information about installing disks, see the hardware manual for your system. 2. Place your system in a location that provides adequate ventilation. High-capacity disks can produce considerable heat. It is important to ensure that the fan exhausts are unobstructed. For a complete list of placement considerations, see the hardware manual for your system. 3. Connect the power adapter to the power cord. 4. Connect the power adapter to the back of the system and plug the power cord into a wall outlet or power strip. 5. Use an Ethernet cable to connect an Ethernet port on the storage system to your network. 6. If necessary, press the Power button to turn on the system. 7. Wait for the Power LED to turn solid blue or for the status display screen to display the system s IP address. 8. Use ReadyCLOUD to discover and set up your system on the network. See Discover and Set Up Your ReadyNAS on page 12. Getting Started 11

12 Discover and Set Up Your ReadyNAS ReadyCLOUD is the online service that you use to discover and set up ReadyNAS storage systems on your network. You can also use ReadyCLOUD to access and manage data on your ReadyNAS systems. For you to use ReadyCLOUD, your computer and storage system must have Internet access. Note: If your computer and storage system do not have Internet access, install and run the RAIDar utility instead. RAIDar is on the resource CD that came with your system. It includes versions for Windows, Mac, and Linux operating systems. It is also available at When you discover your device using ReadyCLOUD, you can choose between two setup modes: ReadyCLOUD Mode. This setup mode allows you to securely access and manage your ReadyNAS system from anywhere that has an Internet connection. If you select ReadyCLOUD mode, you must create a free ReadyCLOUD account or sign in using your existing ReadyCLOUD account. Offline Mode. This setup mode makes your ReadyNAS data available only inside your home or office network. Selecting this setup mode takes you directly to the local admin page for your ReadyNAS system. To discover and set up your storage system: 1. Visit on a computer that uses the same local area network (LAN) and Internet connection as your storage system. 2. Click the Discover button. Getting Started 12

13 ReadyCLOUD automatically detects your ReadyNAS system on the network. Your new ReadyNAS system is marked with a NEW label. 3. Click the Setup button. 4. Select the mode that you want to use to set up your system: Option 1. Select ReadyCLOUD Mode. a. Sign in to ReadyCLOUD or create a user account. Tip: If you have a ReadyNAS Remote account, you can sign in to ReadyCLOUD using your ReadyNAS Remote credentials. b. Follow the prompts to set up your ReadyNAS system. For more information about ReadyCLOUD, see Use ReadyCLOUD on page 70. Option 2. Select Offline Mode. An SSL certificate security warning displays. This warning ensures an encrypted authentication and secure access to the ReadyNAS local admin page for your storage system. a. Accept the certificate. A login prompt displays. b. Enter admin for the user name, enter password for the password, and click the OK button. Both user name and password are case-sensitive. You can change these credentials when you configure your system. NETGEAR recommends that you change your password as soon as possible. Getting Started 13

14 The ReadyNAS local admin page displays in your browser and launches a setup wizard. c. Follow the prompts of the setup wizard that launches in your browser. Local Setup Wizard The first time you access the local admin page, a setup wizard prompts you to configure the basic settings of your ReadyNAS storage system. Note: The local setup wizard is for users who choose to set up their ReadyNAS system using Offline mode. If you set up your system using ReadyCLOUD mode and the ReadyCLOUD setup wizard, the local setup wizard does not display. Figure 1. Setup wizard (Welcome screen) You can change the language setting for the setup wizard by clicking Language at the top right corner of the screen and selecting a language from the drop-down list. The setup wizard guides you through the initial configuration process to help you quickly integrate your ReadyNAS storage system into your network. Follow the setup wizard s prompts to configure the following settings: Time and date. For more information, see Set the Clock on page 167. Alert contact. For more information, see Configure System Alerts on page 170. Host name. For more information, see Configure the Host Name on page 173. Administrator password and password recovery. For more information, see Set the Administrator Password on page 169. Getting Started 14

15 Local Admin Page The local admin page is a browser-based interface that you use to configure and manage your ReadyNAS system. When you visit the local admin page, the Overview screen displays, as shown in the following figure. Figure 2. Local admin page (Overview screen) The following list describes the features of the local admin page: To navigate through the local admin page, use the navigation bar across the top of the screen and the navigation icons below it. Some screens are divided into multiple sections. You can collapse or expand sections of the screen by clicking the triangle icons ( ) next to each section heading. To refresh the screen, click the Refresh icon ( ) in the top right corner below the navigation bar. For more information about your product, visit an official NETGEAR support page by clicking the Support icon ( ) in the top right corner of the screen. To log out of the local admin page, click the Logout icon ( ) in the top right corner of the screen. Other features of the local admin page are described in other chapters. In this manual, instructions for navigating through the local admin page begin by specifying the selection from the navigation bar and then, if necessary, specifying the selections from the row of navigation icons and section headings. For example, to configure the global file-sharing protocols, select System > Settings > Services. System is the selection from the navigation bar. Settings is the selection from the row of navigation icons. Services is the selection from the section headings on the Settings screen. Getting Started 15

16 Access the Local Admin Page If your computer is connected to the same LAN as your storage system, follow these instructions to access the local admin page. For information about remote access to the local admin page, see the ReadyNAS Remote User Manual. To access the local admin page: 1. Open a web browser and visit <hostname> is the name that you assigned to your ReadyNAS system or the default host name if you did not change it. Note: You can also enter IP address>, where <ReadyNAS IP address> is the IP address of the ReadyNAS. An SSL certificate security warning displays. 2. Accept the certificate. A login prompt displays. 3. Enter the login credentials for your system and click the OK button. If you did not change the credentials, the default credentials are as follows: user name. admin password. password Both user name and password are case-sensitive. The local admin page displays. You can also access the local admin page from ReadyCLOUD (see Use ReadyCLOUD on page 70). Register Your System You must register your product before you can use NETGEAR telephone support. Register your ReadyNAS system at the NETGEAR Product Registration web page. To register your ReadyNAS system: 1. Locate the serial number of the system. Getting Started 16

17 You can find the serial number on the Overview screen of local admin page or on the chassis label of your product. 2. Open a web browser and visit The Product Registration web page displays. 3. Take one of the following actions: If you have never registered a NETGEAR product, click the Continue button. If you have registered a NETGEAR product in the past, enter your address and password and click the Log in button. 4. Follow the prompts. The ReadyNAS is registered. Getting Started 17

18 2. Volume Configuration 2 This chapter describes how to configure and manage the volumes in your ReadyNAS storage system. It includes the following sections: Basic Volume and RAID Concepts Manage Volumes 18

19 Basic Volume and RAID Concepts To get the most out of your ReadyNAS storage system, it is helpful to understand the basics of volumes and RAID. Understanding these concepts is the first step to making good decisions about how to configure, manage, and use your ReadyNAS storage system. Volumes In the most general sense, volumes are data storage devices. Your computer treats an internal hard drive as a volume. It also treats a portable USB thumb drive as a volume. Volumes can be either physical or logical. Usually, the term physical volume refers to a hard disk drive. When this term is used in this way, a two-bay storage system can have up to two physical volumes (hard disk drives). A four-bay storage system can have up to four physical volumes. A six-bay storage system can have up to six physical volumes. The term logical volume refers to the way that you divide, or partition, your storage space. For example: Each logical volume can correspond to a hard disk drive. A logical volume can be made up of more than one hard disk drive. In this manual, the term volume refers to a logical volume. The terms hard disk drive and disk refer to a physical volume. RAID Your ReadyNAS storage system allows you to configure your hard disks using one of the many RAID technologies. RAID is short for redundant array of independent disks. RAID is a storage technology that balances data protection, system performance, and storage space by determining how the storage system distributes data. Many different ways of distributing data have been standardized into various RAID levels. Each RAID level offers a tradeoff of data protection, system performance, and storage space. For example, one RAID level might improve data protection but reduce storage space. Another RAID level might increase storage space but also reduce system performance. Your ReadyNAS storage system supports X-RAID2 TM mode, a proprietary single-volume RAID architecture that is easy to administer, and Flex-RAID mode, which allows you to format your disks in a variety of industry-standard RAID levels. When you power on your system for the first time or if you reset your system to its factory default settings, the optimal RAID mode and level are automatically selected for you based on the number of disks that are installed. You can also configure the RAID settings manually (see Change RAID Mode on page 23). Volume Configuration 19

20 X-RAID2 X-RAID2 is an auto expandable RAID technology that is available only on ReadyNAS systems. With X-RAID2, you do not need to know intricate details about RAID to administer your system. X-RAID2 allows you to add storage space without reformatting your drives or moving your data to another location. Because the expansion happens online, you can continue to use your ReadyNAS system while the volume capacity increases. Because X-RAID2 is a single-volume architecture, if you configure your hard disk drives to use X-RAID2, your storage system has only one volume that is made up of all installed hard disk drives. X-RAID2 s single-volume architecture has two major advantages: Easy system management Auto expansion With Flex-RAID formatting, if you want to add disks to expand your storage capacity, you must back up the data to another system, add a disk, reformat the RAID volume, and restore the data to the new RAID volume. With X-RAID2, none of those administrative tasks are required. Instead, with X-RAID2, your volume automatically expands to accommodate additional disks or larger-capacity disks. With X-RAID2, you can start out with one hard disk, add a second disk for data protection, and add more disks for additional storage capacity. X-RAID2 accommodates the new disks automatically. You can replace existing disks with larger-capacity disks and X-RAID2 automatically accommodates the new disks. X-RAID2 requires a minimum of two hard disks to provide protection against disk failure. If you have a one-disk ReadyNAS storage system and want protection from disk failure, you must add a second disk that is at least as large as the first. It can be added while the system is running. X-RAID2 uses the capacity of one disk for data storage and reserves the capacity of a second disk for data protection, which allows the volume to recreate data if a disk fails. In a two-disk system, the usable storage space is one disk. In a three-disk system, the usable storage space is two disks. In general, the total capacity of your storage system equals the capacity of all your disks minus the capacity of one disk. Volume Configuration 20

21 The following figure illustrates how X-RAID2 uses new disks. b c a Figure 3. X-RAID2 disk usage a. The first disk that you install is used for initial (unprotected) storage space. b. The second disk that you install is reserved for data protection (parity information). c. Installing additional disks increases your storage space. Note: X-RAID2 reserves the capacity of one disk for data protection. The actual space reserved for data protection is distributed across all disks. Flex-RAID NETGEAR s Flex-RAID technology allows you to choose from among several industry-standard RAID levels: JBOD. This most basic RAID level does not protect your data from loss if one of your drives fails. JBOD is available only on volumes consisting of a single hard disk. RAID 0. RAID 0 distributes data across multiple disks, resulting in improved disk performance compared to systems that do not use RAID formatting. The total capacity of your storage system equals the capacity of all of your disk drives. RAID 0 is available on volumes consisting of two or more hard disks. RAID 1. This RAID level provides full redundancy of your data, because it duplicates data across multiple disks. Exactly the same data is stored on two or more disks at all times. RAID 1 protects your data from loss if one disk fails. The total capacity of your storage system equals the capacity of your smallest disk. Volume Configuration 21

22 RAID 5. This RAID level also provides data redundancy, but it requires at least three disks. RAID 5 uses the capacity of one disk to protect you from data loss if one disk fails. Your data is distributed across multiple disks to improve disk performance. The total capacity of your storage system equals the capacity of all your disks minus the capacity of one disk. It is supported on systems with at least four drive bays. RAID 6. This RAID level can recover from the loss of two disks. Your data is distributed across multiple disks to improve disk performance. The total capacity of your storage system equals the capacity of all your disks minus the capacity of two disks. It is supported on systems with at least four drive bays. RAID 10 (or 1+0). This RAID level uses both RAID 1 and RAID 0 technology. First, your data is duplicated so that exactly the same data is stored on two or more disks. Then, the data is distributed across additional disks to improve disk performance. It is supported on systems with at least four drive bays. The Flex-RAID levels that you can select depend on the number of disks included in the volume. The following table describes the Flex-RAID levels that are available for a given number of disks. It also indicates whether adding a disk for data protection is possible for each configuration. Table 1. Flex-RAID levels and data protection Number of Disks per Volume RAID Level Can I add a disk for data protection? 1 RAID 1 Yes. (Additional disk provides redundancy.) 1 JBOD No. (JBOD is available only for volumes consisting of one disk) 2 RAID 1 No. (Volume protection is already redundant.) 2 or more RAID 0 No. (RAID 0 does not offer protection.) 3 or more RAID 5 Yes. (Additional disk provides dual redundancy and converts the volume to RAID 6.) 4 or more (even number) RAID 10 No. (Volume protection is already redundant.) 4 or more RAID 6 No. (Volume is already protected with dual redundancy.) Volume Configuration 22

23 Manage Volumes This section discusses volume management on your ReadyNAS system. You can add or delete volumes from the system. Additionally, you can change the volume s RAID mode and level. This section also covers volume status, volume maintenance and volume protection. In addition to volume topics, this section also covers extending the storage capacity on you ReadyNAS system. Change RAID Mode You can change the RAID mode that your ReadyNAS storage system uses. By default, your system s hard disks are configured into a single X-RAID2 volume. Change from X-RAID2 to Flex-RAID Your ReadyNAS system can easily change a volume from X-RAID2 to Flex-RAID mode. Data on the X-RAID2 volume is preserved when you switch to Flex-RAID. The RAID level of the resulting Flex-RAID volume is automatically assigned based on the number of disks that are installed. To change from X-RAID2 to Flex-RAID: 1. Select System > Volumes. 2. Click the X-RAID button at the right side of the screen. 3. Confirm that you want to switch from X-RAID2 to Flex-RAID. Volume Configuration 23

24 The volume switches from X-RAID2 mode to Flex-RAID mode and the indicator on the X-RAID button turns gray. The RAID level is automatically assigned based on the number of disks that are installed. Change from Flex-RAID to X-RAID2 If your system contains only one volume, you can easily switch from Flex-RAID to X-RAID2. Data on the Flex-RAID volume is preserved when you switch to X-RAID2. If your system contains multiple volumes, you must first reconfigure your disks into a single volume. Note: When you switch to X-RAID2 mode, any extra disks installed in your system are automatically reformatted and used for storage expansion. You cannot change the RAID mode of a RAID 0 or RAID 10 volume. To change from Flex-RAID to X-RAID2 on a single-volume system: 1. Select System > Volumes. 2. Click the X-RAID button at the right side of the screen. Volume Configuration 24

25 3. Confirm that you want to switch from X-RAID2 to Flex-RAID. The volume switches from Flex-RAID mode to X-RAID2 mode and the indicator on the X-RAID button turns green. Any available drives are automatically used for storage expansion. Change to a Different RAID Level In Flex-RAID mode, you assign one of several RAID levels to your volume. Available RAID levels depend on the number of disks that you want the volume to include. For more information, see Flex-RAID on page 21. You can reconfigure your volumes to use a different RAID level. Note: Changing the RAID level of a volume erases all data. If data is stored on your system, you must back up the data to another storage device before changing the RAID level. You cannot change the RAID level of a RAID 0 volume. To change to RAID levels: 1. If any data is stored on the volumes that you want to reconfigure, back up your data. 2. Delete the volumes that you want to reconfigure (see Delete a Volume on page 31). The disks that were part of the volumes become available again for other purposes (the color of the disks turns black). 3. Create a new volume from the available disks and select the RAID level (see Create and Encrypt a Volume on page 29). The volume is formatted according to your specifications. Formatting can take quite a while, depending on the size of your hard disk drives. Volume Configuration 25

26 View the Status of a Volume To view a summary of the volume status: Select System > Volumes. The volumes are listed at the left side of the screen. The following summary information is displayed next to each volume. Item Data Free Type Health indicator Description The storage space that is consumed by data in MB, GB, or TB. The storage space that is available in MB, GB, or TB. The configured RAID level. The color of the indicator to the right of the volume icon indicates the health of the volume: Green. The volume is healthy. Yellow. The volume is degraded. Red. The volume is bad or faulty. To view the I/O stats and disk status: 1. Select System > Volumes. 2. Select the volume from the list on the left. Volume Configuration 26

27 3. From the pop-up menu that displays, select Settings. A pop-up screen displays the I/O stats in the Summary tab. 4. Click the Disks tab. Volume Configuration 27

28 5. From the Disk drop-down list, select one of the disks in the volume to view its status. Note: The disks are listed by their position in the enclosure: <column>x<row>. For example, Disk 3X1 is the third disk from the left in the top row of the enclosure. Configure the Checksum Function Checksum functions help detect data transmission errors. The ReadyNAS uses a checksum function to improve accuracy and consistency when writing data to a volume. You can enable or disable the checksum function on each volume. Enabling the checksum function improves the integrity of your data but reduces performance speeds. Enable or disable the checksum function: 1. Select System > Volumes. 2. Select one of the volumes listed on the left side of the screen. Volume Configuration 28

29 3. From the pop-up menu that displays, select Settings. A pop-up screen displays. 4. In the Summary tab, select or clear the Checksum check box. 5. Click the Apply button. 6. Click the OK button. Your changes are saved. Create and Encrypt a Volume During volume creation you can also enable volume encryption. Encryption is optional. When encryption is enabled, data is encrypted in real time as it is written to the volume. You cannot encrypt existing volumes. Encryption is possible only when you are creating new volumes. Volume Configuration 29

30 You need a USB drive to store the encryption key that is generated during volume creation. You can also have the encryption key ed to you for safe keeping. If you lose the USB drive with the encryption key, you can load the ed encryption key onto another USB drive. You must insert the USB drive with the encryption key into a USB port on the ReadyNAS for the volume to be unlocked and accessible. You must also insert the USB drive to unlock an encrypted volume during reboot. You can remove the USB drive after unlocking the volume. NETGEAR recommends storing the USB drive with the encryption key in a safe and secure location when not in use. WARNING: If you lose the encryption key, the encrypted drive is irrecoverable. To create a volume, select the RAID level and enable encryption: 1. Select System > Volumes. 2. From the enclosure graphic, select the disks that you want to include in the new volume. Available disks are colored black. 3. Click the New Volume button at the right of the screen. Volume Configuration 30

31 The New Volume pop-up screen displays. 4. Configure the following settings: Name. Enter a name for the volume. The volume must not have the same name as a folder in the root folder system. The volume names home, apps, and job_ are reserved and cannot be used. Encryption. Select this check box to enable encryption on the volume. A key will be generated. If you lose your key, the data on the volume will be irrecoverable. USB to store key. If you enabled encryption, select a USB storage device from the drop-down list to store the generated key. Send key by . If you enabled encryption, select this check box to have the generated key sent to a address associated with the admin account. 5. Click the Create button. The new volume is created and appears in the list of volumes at the left of the screen. Delete a Volume Before you delete a volume, make sure that you back up any data (folders and LUNs) that you want to save to another volume or another storage device. To delete a volume: 1. Select System > Volumes. 2. Select the volume that you want to delete. 3. From the pop-up menu that displays, select Destroy. Volume Configuration 31

32 Note: The Destroy option is not available when the ReadyNAS has a single volume only. The Destroy option is available if you have at least two volumes. A pop-up screen displays. 4. Type DESTROY to confirm your decision. 5. Click the Destroy button. The volume is deleted. The disks that were part of the volume become available again for other purposes (the color of the disks turns black). Expand Storage Capacity You can expand the storage capacity of an existing volume in two ways: Horizontal expansion. Expand the volume by adding more disks to the volume. Vertical expansion. Expand the volume by replacing disks in the volume with larger-capacity disks. Volume Configuration 32

33 X-RAID2 makes horizontal volume expansion easy. If your X-RAID2 volume includes two or more disks, the volume expands automatically when you add disks. You can expand a Flex-RAID volume by adding an additional JBOD disk or two additional RAID 0 disks. Vertical expansion is available for X-RAID2 and Flex-RAID volumes. You can continue to use your ReadyNAS system while the new disks are incorporated in the background. The process of volume expansion can take several hours. If you set up notifications for your system, you receive an message when the process finishes. For more information about alert notifications, see Configure System Alerts on page 170. Horizontally Expand an X-RAID2 Volume Horizontal expansion is available for X-RAID2 volumes only. To horizontally expand an X-RAID2 volume: Add a disk to an X-RAID2 volume that includes two or more disks. For more information about how to add a disk to your ReadyNAS system, see the hardware manual for your system, which is available at The system automatically determines whether the new disk is used for protection or storage. When you add a second disk, the new disk is used for data protection. When you add a third or fourth disk, the new disk is used to increase your storage capacity. For more information, see X-RAID2 on page 20. New disks are incorporated in the background while you continue to use your storage system. Vertically Expand a Volume Both X-RAID2 and Flex-RAID volumes support vertical expansion. When you vertically expand a Flex-RAID volume, you must replace all disks in the volume with larger-capacity disks. Note: Vertical expansion is not available for RAID 0 volumes. When you vertically expand an X-RAID2 volume, you must replace disks in the volume according to the following table. Table 2. X-RAID2 vertical expansion requirements RAID Level RAID 1 Disk Replacements Required for Vertical Expansion Replace 2 or more disks with larger-capacity disks. Volume Configuration 33

34 RAID Level RAID 5 RAID 6 Disk Replacements Required for Vertical Expansion Replace 2 or more disks with larger-capacity disks. Replace 4 or more disks with larger-capacity disks. If you replace fewer disks than required for vertical expansion, the disks are reserved for data protection. Your available storage capacity does not increase to accommodate the reserved disks until you replace the required number of disks. IMPORTANT: To reduce the risk of data loss, NETGEAR recommends that you back up your data before vertically expanding a volume. To vertically expand an X-RAID2 volume: 1. Replace one disk in the volume with a larger-capacity disk. For more information about how to add a disk to your system, see the hardware manual for your system, which is available at Note: You must use supported disks in your ReadyNAS system. For a list of supported disks, visit 2. Wait for the volume to resync your data. You can continue to use your ReadyNAS system while the volume is resyncing. Resyncing can take several hours. The start and completion of the resyncing process is recorded in the system log (see System Logs on page 220). If you set up notifications for your system, you receive an message when the process finishes. For more information about alert notifications, see Configure System Alerts on page Repeat Step 1-Step 2 until you have replaced the required number of disks with larger-capacity disks. For more information about X-RAID2 vertical expansion requirements, see Table 2 on page 33. To vertically expand a Flex-RAID volume: 1. Replace one disk in the volume with a larger-capacity disk. For more information about how to add a disk to your system, see the hardware manual for your system, which is available at Volume Configuration 34

35 Note: You must use supported disks in your ReadyNAS system. For a list of supported disks, visit 2. Wait for the volume to resync your data. You can continue to use your ReadyNAS system while the volume is resyncing. Resyncing can take several hours. The start and completion of the resyncing process is recorded in the system log (see System Logs on page 220). If you set up notifications for your system, you receive an message when the process finishes. For more information about alert notifications, see Configure System Alerts on page Repeat Step 1-Step 2 until you have replaced each disk in the volume with a larger-capacity disk. Add Protection to a Volume This section discusses protection against disk failure. The types of protection available depend on the number of hard disks installed in the ReadyNAS system. Add Protection to an X-RAID2 Volume X-RAID2 requires a minimum of two hard disks to provide protection against disk failure. If you have a one-disk ReadyNAS storage system and want protection from disk failure, you must add a second disk that is at least as large as the first. You can add it while the system is running. For more information about how to add a disk to your system, see the hardware manual for your system, which is available at An X-RAID2 volume that includes two or more disks is automatically formatted to protect against the failure of one disk. If you want to protect your data against the failure of two disks, you must switch to Flex-RAID and select RAID 6. To use RAID 6, you must install four or more disks. For more information about how to switch to Flex-RAID, see Change from X-RAID2 to Flex-RAID on page 23. Add Protection to a Flex-RAID Volume In certain cases, you can add a disk to a Flex-RAID volume to increase data protection. The following table indicates whether adding a disk for data protection is possible for each Flex-RAID configuration. Volume Configuration 35

36 Table 3. Flex-RAID levels and data protection Number of Disks per Volume RAID Level Can I add a disk to for data protection? 1 RAID 1 Yes. (Additional disk provides redundancy.) 2 RAID 1 No. (Volume protection is already redundant.) 2 or more RAID 0 No. (RAID 0 does not offer protection.) 3 or more RAID 5 Yes. (Additional disk provides dual redundancy and converts the volume to RAID 6.) 4 or more (even number) RAID 10 No. (Volume protection is already redundant.) 4 or more RAID 6 No. (Volume is already protected with dual redundancy.) Disks added to a Flex-RAID volume can be used only for protection. They cannot be used for storage (horizontal expansion). If you want to add a disk for increased storage capacity, you must do one of the following: Create a volume using the added disks (see Create and Encrypt a Volume on page 29). Change the RAID level (see Change to a Different RAID Level on page 25). Switch to X-RAID2 (see Change from Flex-RAID to X-RAID2 on page 24). To add a protection to a Flex-RAID volume: 1. Add a disk to your ReadyNAS storage system. For more information about how to add a disk to your system, see the hardware manual for your system, which is available at 2. Select System > Volumes. The new disk is displayed in the enclosure graphic and is colored black. 3. Select the new disk from the enclosure graphic. Volume Configuration 36

37 4. Click the Add Parity button next to a volume that allows or requires additional protection. A pop-up screen appears and asks you to confirm your decision. 5. Click the Yes button. Your data protection is increased in the background while you continue to use your storage system. You can continue to use your ReadyNAS system while the extra disks are incorporated in the background. The process of increasing data protection can take several hours. If you set up notifications for your system, you receive an message when the process finishes. For more information about alert notifications, see Configure System Alerts on page 170. Volume Configuration 37

38 Maintain Volumes This sections covers volume maintenance. Volumes can be srcubbed to check for errors and defragmented to improve disk performance. Scrub a Volume Scrubbing cleans and validates all data on a volume and checks the volume for errors. No data is deleted. Folders, LUNs, and snapshots on the volume remain intact. Note: Scrubbing is not an erase function. To scrub a volume: 1. Select System > Volumes. 2. Select the volume that you want to scrub. 3. From the pop-up menu that displays, select Scrub. The scrubbing process starts. The start and completion of the volume scrub are recorded in the system log (see System Logs on page 220). If you set up notifications for your system, you receive an message when the process finishes. For more information about alert notifications, see Configure System Alerts on page 170. Volume Configuration 38