ITER - business in fusion

Transcription

1 ITER - business in fusion Madrid, Journée Nucléaire Franco Espagnole 25 th June 2013 Benjamin Perier 1

2 What is fusion? 2

3 What is fusion? Fusion is the source of energy of the sun and stars Nuclei of light atoms come together at very high temperatures, they fuse and release high amounts of energy. The only useful fusion reaction on earth is: D+T He+n Energy Deuterium is extracted from water Tritium is produced inside the reactor from lithium, which is abundant on the crust of earth 3

4 How does fusion work? 4

5 How does fusion work? In the core of sun or star, fusion happens at > 10M 0 C On earth fusion can be exploited at around 200M0C At this temperature, strong magnets can be used to create a cage that thermally insulates the fuel and protects the walls of the reactor chamber. This is realised in a doughnut-shaped reactor called a tokamak. To reach 200M 0 C we need powerful heaters (73MW installed on ITER for 1gm of fuel!). 5

6 What are the merits of fusion? Geo-political: It could be an intensive of energy with basic and abundant fuels - earth and water Environmental: no CO2 emissions. There is very low global impact on the environment. There is no long-lasting radioactive waste to create a burden on future generations. Safety: Day-to-day-operation does not require transport of radio-active materials. Power stations would be inherently safe, with no possibility of meltdown or runaway reactions. 6

7 Did you know that 7

8 What is ITER? 8

9 History of ITER For the benefit of mankind The idea for ITER originated from the Geneva Superpower Summit in 1985 where Gorbachev and Reagan proposed international effort to develop fusion energy as an inexhaustible source of energy for the benefit of mankind. November 21, 2006: China, Europe, India, Japan, Korea, the Russian Federation and the United States of America sign the ITER Agreement 9

10 ITER progress ITER represents a big step in fusion research but is in line with the continuous progress over the years More than double the size of JET Iter 10

11 Who participates in ITER? The ITER parties represent over half of the world s population. ITER is the world s largest research project in the field of energy! 11

12 Aims of ITER Demonstrate the scientific and technological viability of controlled fusion for power production To do this, it will: Study and optimise plasma (heated gas) behaviour Produce about 500 MW of fusion power (Q>10) Demonstrate the technologies required for fusion power stations Operate for about 20 years ITER in Latin means the way 12

13 How will ITER be built? To ensure a fair cost sharing of ITER by value, around 90% of project built by in kind contributions In kind contributions classified into 85 procurement packages divided amongst the seven parties 13

14 ITER Machine height 26m Machine diameter 29m Plasma major radius 6.2 m Plasma minor radius 2.0 m Magnetic field 5.3 T Plasma volume 840 m 3 Plasma current 15 MA Density m -3 Temperature 20 kev Total fusion power 500 MW Factor 10 14

15 The European contribution: High tech components F4E manages a 6.6 billion EUR budget Up to now,1.6 billion EUR in procurement and 50 million EUR in grants have been awarded 15

16 ITER Vacuum Vessel The ITER Vacuum Vessel (VV) is twice as big and 16 times heavier than any previous tokamak. The VV operates at a temperature just above 100 C The VV is made of 60 mm thick special grade SS (13 m high, 6.5 m wide & 6.3 m deep) The contract includes 12.5 km of welding, an average of 26m of weld per square meter of VV wall. 16

17 Radial plate prototype 17

18 Regulated Heat Treatment Oven construction Biggest Regulated Heat Treatment furnace ever deployed: 30m by 5m by 14m 7/8 of the oven modules have been assembled, the leak check is scheduled by end of March

19 Thermic Flow: 20 MW/m2 en CFC 5 MW/m2 en W Courtesy CEA Courtesy Ansaldo Courtesy Plansee Blanket 440 modules Divertor 54 cassettes 19

20 19.4 m Vacuum Vessel 9 sectors ~8000 t Functions - Vacuum for plasma - Confinement for radioisotopes Challenges - Welds, tolerances 20

21 13800 Central Solenoid Nb 3 Sn, 6 modules Toroidal Field Coils Nb 3 Sn, 18 modules TF ~360t 8700 x 18 A 4ºK. Poloidal Field Coils NbTi, 6 modules Courtesy CEA and ENEA 21

22 Integration - Engineering Courtesy CIEMAT 22

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27 Roadmap ITER Construction Phase HD Phase DT IFMIF EVEDA Construction Irradiation campaign 1 CI 2 CI 3 DEMO Conceptual Studies R&D and Engineering Construction Accompanying Programme JET JT60SA construction Parallel experiments Other support activities (physics and technology) Extension use Launched Foreseen 27

28 The European contribution: Nuclear and non nuclear buildings and infrastructure Europe has to provide through F4E 45 % of ITER construction costs 34 % of operation, deactivation and decommissioning 28

29 Fusion for Energy Barcelona, Spain 29

30 Fusion for Energy objectives The three objectives of Fusion for Energy: Provide Europe s contribution to the ITER international fusion energy project Implement the Broader Approach agreement between Euratom and Japan Prepare for the construction of the demonstration fusion reactor DEMO 30

31 Procurement scope for ITER Europe has to provide through F4E 45 % of ITER construction costs 34 % of operation, deactivation and decommissioning costs F4E manages a 6.6 billion EUR budget Up to now, 1.6 billion EUR in procurement and 50 million EUR in grants have been awarded Europe + Switzerland (EURATOM) are engaged in almost all the procurement packages shared with the six other parties. 31

32 Construction cost sharing Some procurement packages are shared among several Parties 32

33 Industrial participation F4E places contracts with organisations via: Grants through calls for proposals Procurement contracts through calls for tender Grants support R&D by funding 40% of research efforts. Procurement contracts provide goods, works or services. 33

34 How to get business in fusion 1. Get information ILOs network, Fusion for Energy BI Group Fusion for Energy - Industry Portal an website Information Days and Forum (IBF, SOFT, ISFNT) 2. Prepare yourself Learn about our procurement and contractual framework.. Technical OK, Financial OK, Legal OK? 3. Make your decision, build your strategy Alone, in grouping, consortium, partnership, subcontracting, sub-supplier 34

35 How to get business in fusion 1. Get information ILOs network, Fusion for Energy BI Group Fusion for Energy - Industry Portal an website Information Days and Forum (IBF, SOFT, ISFNT) 2. Prepare yourself Learn about our procurement and contractual framework

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37 Knowledge & Innovation 37

38 Fusion Tecnology Spin Off Examples Superconducting Magnets for medical use New materials: CFC for Airplane breaks 38

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