Improvement Plan for Recycling and Waste Collection Services in Chelmsford

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1 Strategic Driver A A continuing emphasis on preventing and reducing waste and encouraging further behavioural change to increase current diversion rates by 5%-6% to exceed the target set nationally to achieve 40% household re-use, recycling and composting and to generate no more than 684Kg of residual waste per household by 2010 Rationale: Emphasis needs to be placed on preventing and reducing waste as it is more environmentally responsible and sustainable, more cost effective and national diversion targets can be more readily be met by reducing the amount of waste generated in the first place and diverting waste at source rather than collecting ever more material for disposal, recycling and composting This is particularly important in Chelmsford as the quantity of waste produced per household is above the national average a 10% reduction would result in 80kg less residual waste from every household each year equivalent to a 2.5% increase in diversion rates These measures should be achieved with relatively modest investment targeted to support education and promotional campaigns and to improve ease of access to the existing recycling and composting schemes Improvement plan priorities for implementation: A1 Lobby for changes in packaging to reduce the volume of waste generated A2 Support Eco Schools programme A3 Promote home composting of garden waste A4 Promote kitchen / food waste home composting A5 Campaign to reduce food waste A6 New residents waste reduction and recycling welcome pack A7 Education and promotional activities in low performing areas to improve recycling and composting participation A8 Support real nappy campaign A9 Promote mailing preference service A10 Reduce the size and number of wheeled bins issued for residual waste A11 Limit of two x 240 litre wheeled bins for garden waste collections from each household A12 Improve receptacles and containers issued for collection of materials for recycling 1

2 Driver A 1 Work with Essex County Council to continue to lobby for changes in packaging to reduce the volume of waste to be collected or recycled No specific target will be reflected in a reduction in waste generated Packaging, in particular food packaging, comprises a significant proportion of residual waste many elements of which cannot at present be successfully recycled Local initiatives such as an ongoing commitment to reduce use of single use plastic carrier bags by supermarkets contribute to reducing unnecessary packaging but to be really effective this issue needs to be tackled on a national basis Support national campaigns through existing promotional activities, literature, and communications channels Collaboration with Chelmsford Business Forum to encourage changes locally in the use of packaging, the way materials are packaged for delivery and to adjust procurement policies to minimise unnecessary packaging Driver A 2 Support Eco Schools programme to encourage schools to become a more environmentally sustainable place in which to learn, reducing the environmental impact of the school on the community and stimulating interest in environmental issues Target for all schools in the Borough to be accredited by 2020 DfES initiative provides a simple framework to enable schools to analyse their environmental impact to make schools more sustainable with accreditation and rewards for continuously improving environmental performance [ Schools need to be able to access collections of materials for recycling Investment for the future as children are influential in achieving wider behavioural change Existing resources for promotional activity Provision of additional recycling services to schools to help them achieve Eco Schools accreditation may have a resource implication if offered free of charge Potential additional cost when reach capacity within existing collection arrangements to accommodate this? 2

3 Driver A 3 Promote home composting of garden waste in order to increase the volume of composting taking place at home, complementing existing green waste collection arrangements Target for 50% of all households [with gardens] in Chelmsford to be participating in home composting by 2015 Home composting is the preferred, most environmentally responsible and sustainable of current options for dealing with garden waste and uncooked kitchen waste, such as vegetable peelings Significantly reduces the volume of material otherwise collected, but can have perceived adverse impact by reducing recycling rates [when measured by National Indicators] Currently it is estimated that home composting of garden waste diverts about 6% of total waste achieving a 50% participation rate would divert at least 10% of total waste generated Home composting is a cost effective way of diverting garden, being less than ½ the cost of windrow composting and less than ¼ cost of disposal to landfill Existing promotional scheme in place led by Essex County Council as part of the WRAP home composting programme Could consider increasing the supply of subsidised compost bins and encouraging developers to supply home composter[s] as part of a new home pack To provide subsidised home composting devices as part of an annual promotion based on a subsidy of 5 for 1,000 bins equates to 5,000 per year It may be possible to secure additional funding from external sources Driver A 4 Promote kitchen and food waste home composting in order to increase the volume of kitchen composting taking place at home No specific target will be reflected in a reduction in waste generated Food waste is now one of the largest elements of residual waste Scheme promoted and subsidised by Essex County Council using Bokashi kitchen composters recently commenced, but take up relatively low Likely to have limited appeal as ongoing running costs of about 30 p.a. and may need two units to operate successfully Solution may not be appropriate or convenient in some circumstances May need some incentives to raise awareness and increase levels of early adoption Currently relatively passively promoted commensurate with limited interest Could consider supplying subsidised compost bins [in additional to current ECC scheme] Cost to provide composting devices for food free of charge home as part of annual promotion - based on 30 equivalent to 6,000 per year Could also include subsidy for running costs for first 6 months say 15 x 200 = 3,000 3

4 Driver A 5 Ongoing campaign to reduce food waste in order to reduce total waste generated and encourage more environmentally sustainable and cost effective lifestyles No specific target will be reflected in a reduction in waste generated Research indicates that 1 / 3 rd of the food bought in the UK ends up being thrown away equivalent to 6.7 million tonnes of food each year Wasting food costs the average family 420 a year Disposal of food waste to landfill has serious environmental implications as organic material is a significant source of damaging and particularly potent green house gases Existing resources for promotional activity targeted to support national love food hate waste campaign promoted by WRAP Gives access to nationally produced resources Local promotion through existing promotional activities, literature, and communications channels Driver A 6 Refresh and improve impact of new residents waste reduction and recycling welcome pack so that people coming to live in Chelmsford or moving within Chelmsford are fully aware of the means to reduce waste and are encouraged to make maximum use of recycling and composting facilities available Target for all new residents to receive enhanced welcome pack with 30 days of moving into property Encouraging active recycling behaviour is important to ensure best use of collections systems available in Chelmsford At present system, in some areas the collection system is more complicated than desired, therefore it is important that these arrangements are clearly communicated Research suggests that clear information and having ready access to the correct receptacle have a significant influence on recycling behaviour and levels of participation Developers to be encouraged to supply site specific welcome pack for new properties including necessary range of recycling containers and home composters for garden waste Recycling guide will need updating and repositioning Procedure flow chart to be developed to use Council tax notifications as a prompt to distribute new resident packs and possibly arrange for a personal visit One-off cost of periodically refreshing and producing supply of new welcome packs Opportunities to offer incentives linked with particular promotions in operation at that time [e.g. free home composter] Supply of new containers from existing resources 4

5 Driver A 7 Undertake education and promotional activities in low performing areas designed to remove barriers to participation and improve recycling and composting performance Target to increase participation in recycling and composting activities to at least 70% in all areas, thereby increasing the proportion of material that is recycled or composted More research is needed to accurate assess participation and capture rates, in order to target promotional work effectively Plan needs to be established and agreed for an month period so that promotional activities can be co-ordinated and will then support any changes in collection arrangements Impact of promotional activities to be measured and evaluated Ongoing need for external support for campaigns in low performing areas Current door-stepping campaigns underway in South Woodham Ferrers and Runwell [c5,200 properties in total] being undertaken by Waste Watch initiative as part of a Essex CC funded programme CBC providing local input using existing resources Driver A 8 Support real nappy and similar campaigns to reduce volume of disposable nappies used No specific target will be reflected in a reduction in waste generated Estimates suggest that 5% of all household waste comprises disposable nappies equivalent to almost 700,000 tonnes of nappy waste each year, most of which is currently disposed to landfill For households with young children disposable nappies will represent a significant proportion of residual waste Research suggest that real nappies are up to 40% better for the environment than disposables, as well as being much more cost effective Support national campaigns through existing promotional activities, literature, and communications channels Collaborate with maternity units to encourage adoption of campaigns Able to specifically target resources to source of waste 5

6 Driver A 9 Promote mailing preference service to Registering an individual choice helps Support use of mail preference service encourage households to register to reduce companies market themselves through existing promotional activities, the amount of personally addressed, considerately, ethically and economically literature, and communications channels unsolicited and unwanted mail received avoiding the waste of paper and postage and unnecessary transport No specific target will be reflected in a reduction in waste generated Driver A 10 As part of a wider campaign to reduce the amount of residual waste produced in Chelmsford gradually reduce the size and number of wheeled bins issued for residual waste as and when new bins are issued / replaced No specific target will be reflected in a reduction in waste generated Rationale is that reducing the capacity of the receptacle available for households to present residual waste will encourage more material to be diverted for recycling or composting Involves reducing the size of standard wheel bin issued from 240 litre to 180 litre and gradually removing multiple black bins from households where they have been previously issued Policy decision can be taken now for issue of 180 litre wheeled bin as standard but eventual replacement of all bins can only be achieved over the medium term Criteria needs to be in place to allow exceptions to the standard bin issue [as is currently the case] some residents may also request smaller 120 litre wheeled bins To be effective, needs to be part of wider waste reduction education / promotional campaign Could be some resistance / sensitivity so careful communication needed Implementation probably best timed to coincide with introduction of separate weekly food waste collection Capital cost to purchase replacement wheeled bins to be phased over normal replacement cycle otherwise significant capital cost and potentially a number of redundant large bins 6

7 Driver A 11 As part of a wider campaign to reduce the Rationale is that limiting capacity will amount of total waste produced and encourage more material to be encourage home composting, as the most composting at home complementary to sustainable way to treat garden waste, the green waste collection service introduce a limit of two x 240 litre Directly links with the promotion of home wheeled bins for garden waste composting outlined above collections from each household per Option to offer compost bin in exchange occasion for excess brown bins to encourage and act as an incentive for home composting of garden waste Target to increase levels of participation to 50% of all households [with gardens] in Chelmsford to be participating in home composting by 2015 Reduced transport of green waste to windrow composting sites If exchange option is put in place free of charge then there will be a one-off cost for supply of compost bins unlikely to exceed 5,000 per year could be tied in as part the wider home composting promotions, using the same resources Costs partly offset by being able re-issue returned brown bins avoiding some end of life replacement costs Driver A 12 Review the type, size and capacity of receptacles and containers issued for collection of materials for recycling to improve customer convenience and satisfaction and minimise any perceived barriers to participation in recycling activities Target to increase participation in recycling and composting activities to at least 70% in all areas by 2014 Currently main dissatisfaction appears to be with returnable poly sacks used for paper and cardboard collections which are prone to blowing away in windy weather Initial trial to assess benefit of weighted sacks comparing extra cost of supply and delivery with need for less replacement Some concern over use of non-returnable plastic bags for collection of plastics regarding cost effectiveness and whether plastic bag itself can be recycled, but these now largely addressed Use of weighted sacks would address significant PR issues associated with windblown and lost sacks Provision of weighted returnable poly sacks would require an additional ongoing revenue commitment as the weighted type are more expensive Use of non-returnable bag for plastic has proven to be most cost effective when additional collection times for a returnable container taken into account. Bags themselves are recyclable 7

8 Strategic Driver B The need for changes in collection system design and associated infrastructure improvements to facilitate further recycling and composting activities and take advantage of more advanced disposal facilities in order to exceed the more ambitious targets set out in the national waste strategy and to locally achieve at least a 50% household, re-use, recycling and composting rate as soon as is practically possible Rationale: Collection system design changes will allow new waste streams to be diverted from landfill, taking advantage of access to more advanced disposal facilities, whilst also allowing existing recycling services to be extended, refined and simplified Together these changes will encourage and facilitate further behavioural change to maximise participation and to achieve the highest level of material capture from particular waste streams. These system changes may need to be supported by the introduction of incentives to secure the necessary behavioural changes Increased capacity will be needed to accommodate anticipated future population growth Improvement plan priorities for implementation: B13 All year round green waste collection B14 Kerbside recycling collection to include all plastics B15 Separate food waste collection to all households B16 Consistent frequency of cardboard collections across the Borough B17 Include liquid food cartons into kerbside recycling collection scheme B18 Extend the range of materials for recycling that can be collected from flats to include cardboard and plastics B19 Alternative collection arrangements for textiles B20 Mixed collection of all plastics and cans on a weekly basis B21 Rationalise provision of recycling bring banks B22 Review Saturday standout collections adjusting the service according to demand B23 Improve capacity of materials recycling facility B24 Improve materials handling and transfer station capacity 8

9 Driver B 13 Maintain an all year round collection of Provision already made for an extended green waste to ensure that there is no service in the 2008/09 budget and now reason for households to deposit any green included in medium term financial plan waste in the residual waste stream Target to increase the proportion of biodegradable material composted to 30% by 2014 Extended service is popular with residents and use increasing as awareness that service no longer suspended in winter months becomes more widely known Increasing demand for green waste disposal all year round as seasonal patterns vary Will increase the proportion of residual waste that is composted during December, January and February each year Driver B 14 Extend kerbside recycling collection to include all plastics in order to capture more of these materials for recycling Target to encourage greater participation in recycling activities and increase the proportion of material collected for recycling to 21% by 2011 Positive PR improves simplicity and accessibility of recycling collections Environmentally positive although end destination for any mixed plastic sent for re-processing will need to be periodically checked Already some contamination by mixed plastics Relatively low impact on recycling levels whilst the volume of plastic collected for recycling is expected to double, as there is a high volume to weight ratio [bulky but light] the increase in proportion of material recycled is likely to be about 1% Whilst the volume of plastic material collected will increase significantly, it is anticipated that sufficient capacity exists for this waste stream Need to increase capacity of sorting facility [see later item] Lower price paid for mixed plastics therefore potentially negative impact on income from sale of materials if plastic not sorted 9

10 Driver B 15 Introduce separate food waste collection to all households from 2011 onwards when Essex County Council funding becomes available Target to increase recycling and composting rate in Chelmsford to at least 50% by 2014 Allows the diversion of food waste now the largest single element of the residual waste stream Potentially low participation rates initially, participation level will take time to build May be worth considering an initial trial to gain direct experience of collection practices before full roll out of scheme trial involving in region of 7,000 properties would equate to one collection crew operating 5 days per week Estimated cost of implementing a separate food waste collection in Chelmsford is 1.2m with associated one-off set up costs totalling 500,000 External funding for this service has been offered by Essex County Council to cover both the ongoing costs, index linked over a 25 year period, and one-off set up costs [subject to finalising the proposed interauthority agreement] Essex County Council, as disposal authority, will be responsible for arranging for the treatment of food waste and will meet the costs of doing so 10

11 Driver B 16 Put in place a consistent frequency of cardboard collections across the Borough in order to simplify collection arrangements No specific target Majority of the households receive a separate collection of cardboard on a four weekly cycle, but approximately 5% of total households [Tile Kiln, part of Galleywood and Moulsham Lodge] currently receive a fortnightly collection of cardboard [the legacy of an earlier trial] This variable collection frequency also complicates significantly the issue of recycling calendars The most obvious solution is to standardise on a 4 weekly collection cycle for cardboard in all areas There is no particular evidence to suggest participation rates in areas with more frequent collection of cardboard are significantly greater, although overall capture rates inevitably will be higher more investigation is needed Logistically this is disruptive to collection arrangements, needing extra collection capacity for two days every other week, which is difficult to achieve efficiently A standard 4 week collection cycle would save about 40,000 in collection costs Consideration could be given to reviewing the frequency of cardboard collections if it was felt that a sufficient return in terms of improving recycling rates could be achieved by increasing the collection frequency to fortnightly, but the estimated cost would be 315,000 per year for which no budget provision is currently available Need to determine what impact and return on investment could be expected whether this investment could be more effective / have greater impact elsewhere Driver B 17 Include liquid food cartons into kerbside recycling collection scheme in order to remove this packaging from the residual waste stream and increase range of materials collected for recycling No specific target will contribute to increasing the proportion of material collected for recycling Liquid food cartons are commonly referred to as tetra-pak containers the main producer Increasingly used as an alternative to glass and plastic Usually comprise 3 materials [card, plastic and foil] layered together, so are more difficult to recycle although markets for reprocessing just beginning to develop Need to evaluate options for and feasibility of local sorting, as would need to be collected together with plastic Dependent on including the capability to separate this material in the upgraded material sorting facility if this exists could be collected with plastics If collected with plastics collection capacity exists so no additional cost 11

12 Driver B 18 Make recycling more accessible for people living in flats by extending the range of materials for recycling that can be collected from flats to include plastics and cardboard Target to encourage greater participation in recycling activities and increase the proportion of material collected for recycling Currently service over 500 locations, collecting paper, cans and glass A further 20 blocks of flats should be included in the scheme shortly, which will achieve about 90% coverage of this type of property Extending the range of materials collected to include cardboard and plastics is considered a high priority An alternative could be substitute one material for another for example consider collection of plastic instead of cans from flats Difficult to predict potential impact, but extending the range of materials collected likely to increase diversion rate by less than 1% - however, likely to promote greater participation in recycling activities by people living in flats as a whole The current collection arrangements are reaching capacity with continuing population growth and the relatively high proportion of flats and apartments in new developments, additional investment to increase collection capacity will be needed in the near future likely to be in the order of 90,000 per year Combined with additional collection capacity to accommodate extension of materials collected total increase in costs likely to be in order of 210,000 Need dedicated collection vehicle due to combination of bin lifts needed Option of substituting one material for collection with another should be contained within existing resources Driver B 19 Investigate alternative collection arrangements for textiles in order to improve levels of participation and quality of materials collected No specific target The existing kerbside collection is not widely used Due to the collection system involved there are ongoing problems with contamination of materials in particular glass in textiles Alternative schemes charity shops and collections, textile reuse schemes associated with the Eco Schools programme and bring banks are favoured and tend to be more effective in ensuring reuse anyway No net savings as currently integrated into green box collections, although may release capacity for other materials If an alternative method of collection is not found potential loss of recycling credits of about 6,500 per year, equivalent to 0.4% reduction in diversion rate and potential loss of income from sale of textiles value in order of 45,000 per year 12

13 Driver B 20 Change to mixed collection of all plastics, liquid food cartons and cans on a weekly basis Target to encourage greater participation in recycling activities and increase the proportion of material collected for recycling by 3% by 2014 Research suggests that more frequent collections will achieve greater participation and capture rates of targeted materials Complementary to separate weekly food waste collections would mean all food related materials being collected on a weekly frequency avoiding any potential contamination issues Conditional upon an upgrade to material sorting facility being completed with the necessary sorting capability Increasing frequency of collection likely to cost in region of 530,000 per year so not affordable at present and probably better to wait to see the impact of the collection of all plastics first Driver B 21 Rationalise provision of recycling bring banks to avoid duplication of collection arrangements with kerbside collection schemes, whilst increasing opportunities to recycle materials not currently collected from kerbside No specific target Type and distribution of recycling banks rationalised to focus on materials not in regular kerbside separated collections Increase number of recycling bring banks for liquid food cartons in order to remove this packaging from the residual waste stream Increase communal provision for example additional recycling banks to serve blocks of flats / multiple occupancy dwellings or to satisfy specific demands Currently a contracted service need to review some reliability and quality of service issues Unlikely to be significant revenue implications Recycling banks for liquid food cartons banks now placed at five locations [supermarkets] currently independently operated so no direct costs Need to evaluate impact of recently installed banks for liquid food cartons and then consider whether the volumes of material are sufficient to include as part of the regular kerbside collection Driver B 22 Review Saturday standout collections adjusting the service according to demand No specific target Increasingly difficult to justify this service as a full kerbside collection exists in all areas complemented by a special collection service for bulky waste Residents using service less and less Cost about 5,000 per year these resources could be more effectively employed for other initiatives outlined in the improvement plan 13

14 Driver B 23 Improve capacity of materials recycling facility to allow automated sorting of mixed plastics, liquid food cartons and cans thereby increasing the flexibility and range of materials covered by collection systems No specific target but allows other improvement measures to be implemented Existing sorting facility simply separates steel and aluminium and bales plastic bottles Elements of plant and equipment are nearing the end of their normal life expectancy An opportunity exists to upgrade both capability and capacity, taking advantage of new development in sorting technology Upgrading the facility will reduce the amount of hand sorting that has to take place Capital investment will be needed to upgrade the existing material recycling facility the anticipated cost is in the order of 500,000 Capital provision totalling 212,000 has been made in the renewals programme External investment totalling 80,000 has been secured through the Waste Infrastructure Capital Grant programme Greater operating efficiency is likely to generate savings in the order of 35,000 per year, which could be used to payback the remaining [ 208,000]capital investment of needed Driver B 24 Improve materials handling and transfer station capacity in particular creating the ability to bulk up green waste prior to delivery for windrow composting, thereby improving operating efficiency and effectiveness No specific target but allows other improvement measures to be implemented Garden waste collected from the kerbside is currently delivered for windrow composting by individual refuse collection vehicles Longer term solution is not yet clear partly dependent upon the new transfer arrangements that will be delivered as part of the Joint Municipal Waste Management Strategy Insufficient space currently available at Freighter House to accommodate a green waste holding bay prior to transfer Location to be identified, but needs to be close to existing transfer station to realise maximum benefits Current arrangements are relatively inefficient due to the significant nonproductive travel time involved in transporting green waste to the composting facility One off cost to create new storage bays to allow bulking up of green waste before transfer Cost of procuring and operating larger trailers for transporting green waste would be more than offset by greater operating efficiency of the refuse collection vehicles 14

15 Strategic Driver C Creating new opportunities to encourage recycling by businesses, education establishments, entertainment and leisure facilities and improving the levels of recycling and composting associated with street care, grounds maintenance and related activities, reflecting the national strategy which demands that resources, the environment and waste is managed in a more integrated and sustainable way Rationale: Waste collected directly from households represents less than 10% of the total waste generated To be successful in managing our resources and environment in a more sustainable way all parts of society will have to share responsibility to improve how waste is managed ensuring that at all times waste is minimised, that materials and products are able to be reused wherever possible, that they can be easily recycled at the end of their lives and where appropriate any energy resource still present is recovered Adopting a more sustainable approach to waste management is quickly moving up the political, environmental and economic agenda as continued growth, rising costs and the adverse environmental impact of greenhouse gas emissions become more evident Improvement plan priorities for implementation: C25 Encourage businesses to develop waste minimisation schemes C26 Collection of cardboard and paper for recycling from business and trade customers C27 Increase provision of recycling facilities available on the street and in other public places C28 Adequate and easy access to recycling facilities in all new developments C29 Recycling collections for schools, other education establishments and residential businesses 15

16 Driver C 25 Encourage businesses across the Borough to develop waste minimisation schemes in order to reduce the waste generated No specific target [doesn t directly impact on domestic household waste targets] The Waste Strategy for England highlights economic, environmental and productivity benefits for businesses who consume fewer natural resources and reduce waste Chelmsford Borough Council to lead by example, ensuring that all Council offices and venues have waste minimisation plans in place Links directly to waste to the Climate Change Strategy Work with sub-group of the Business Forum to encourage resource efficiency projects for local businesses Funding no longer available through BREW [Business Resource Efficiency and Waste] programme, but DEFRA considering alternatives The BREW Centre for Local Authorities provides support to local authorities working with their business communities to improve their management of waste, recycle more and be more resource efficient Driver C 26 Introduce collections of cardboard and paper for recycling from business and trade customers so that materials that can be recycled are removed from general waste Target for at least 30% of trade waste customers to purchase a recycling collection by 2012 Helping small and medium-sized enterprises reduce and recycle their waste is a key priority included in the Waste Strategy for England Collection of paper and cardboard from trade customers to be introduced from April 2009 in collaboration with Chelmsford Business Forum New scheme takes into account response from a customer survey undertaken in 2008 Currently collection contracts for just over 1,400 business 30% uptake initial target Possibility of collecting additional materials for recycling in the future as the scheme develops Working in collaboration with sub-group of Chelmsford Business Forum to launch recycling scheme with discounted rates to encourage conversion 60,000 investment secured from the Local Authority Business Growth Incentives [LABGI] scheme to assist in the implementation of the recycling scheme for trade customers Ongoing scheme should be self financing through trade charges, with small surplus possibly generated from sale of materials but dependent on market conditions 16

17 Driver C 27 Increase the provision of recycling facilities available on the street and in other public places to ensure the separation materials for recycling from general litter Target for all town centre and high footfall areas to be served with receptacles or collection points for glass, cans and plastic by 2012 Extend range of recycling bins in the town centre and other high footfall areas as part of the Recycle on the Go programme Encourage business that generate recyclable waste that is taken from the premises to install and service recycling receptacles Installation of second phase of bins and associated collection arrangements already planned Cost of emptying can be met from existing resources Cost of bin supply and installation can be met from existing resources remaining DEFRA grant [ 5,000] Driver C 28 Put in place appropriate policies and guidelines through the Local Development Framework and associated planning processes to ensure that adequate and easy access to recycling facilities is secured in all new developments to make recycling activities as easy as possible for the householder Ensure that site layouts are conducive to collection methods and vehicle type Ensure that building designs allow for containment of recycling containers Appropriate planning conditions placed on all new developments to ensure the necessary infrastructure for recycling and waste collection is put in place Encourage developers to provide also a welcome pack, including appropriate containers and information on how to make best use of recycling services Target for all new developments to have adequate provision for kerbside or communal collection of a full range of materials for recycling Driver C 29 Provide recycling collections for schools, other education establishments and residential businesses so that as much domestic household waste is recycled as possible Ensure compliance with waste legislation in relation to household waste classification Arrangements in place in most areas Need to determine which, if any, collection should be operated on a chargeable basis costs No specific target 17