Water Quality Management and Regulation Tools

Transcription

1 UNEP-DHI Water Quality Webinar Series WQ Webinar #5 Water Quality Management and Regulation Tools Facilitator: Gareth James Lloyd Technical Support: Maija Bertule November 11th,

2 Contents 1. Jesper Dannisøe (Senior Biologist at DHI): Water quality regulation tools and monitoring approaches 2. Philipp Saile (UNEP GEMS/Water Data Centre, Federal Institute of Hydrology): Monitoring Water Quality in the 2030 development agenda (SDGs) 3. Additional questions from the audience!

3 Water quality: Regulation tools and monitoring approaches Jesper Goodley Dannisøe, Senior Project Manager Title: Senior Biologist Bio: Large-scale infrastructure, water quality, EIA and monitoring

4 Todays topics: Which management and regulation tools are available such as: Licensing, Financial instruments, Modelling and Monitoring

5 Licensing Licensing is the backbone of controling who is discharging what, where and how much. No license => No right to operate and no right to pollute

6 Licensing tools: Background knowledge Substantial knowledge about the receiving waterbodies Where are the other legal point sources (size, type, etc) Does a license require an EIA Lists of operations requiring an EIA Compliance among existing dischargers?

7 Examples of EIA-demanding industries Power plants, nuclear power, hydro power Steel and iron mills Chemical industry (above a certain production volume) Production of explosives Highways, ports, terminals, airports Waste disposal (incineration, landfills etc)

8 License structure Precise description of production methods Product (amount) Input of raw material (amount, type, assessment) Assessment of production method; Best available technology (BAT) BREF (Best available techniques reference documents):

9 Financial instruments OR

10 Incentives to reduce pollution Incentives to urge industries to improve treatment facilities could be: Tax reduction X years to fulfilment of license Cheap federal land

11 Modelling: Confer to the presentation 2 weeks ago from Anders Erichsen Models perfect to provide assessment of impacts No models are better than the data they are fed with! (Data demanding) Depthprofile Discharge of wastewater

12 Models can sum up loads from point sources Approach: 1. Count all upstream known discharges and assess the load (kg/y) 2. Assess the type of discharge (metal, food, brewing, etc) 3. Assess for each source the compliance with permits/licenses 4. Use the data as input to a model and calculate the effects at the place of a new discharge. 5. Use the results to set limits to the new discharge

13 Monitoring related to licensing Each license must have demands for a selfmonitoring system Should be based on two principles: Maximum concentrations (might be seasonal demands) Load (flow x concentration x time), either daily, monthly or yearly

14 Monitoring program Self-control system: Sampling of monthly water quality samples with focus on important variables (organics, nutrients, heavy metals, oil, etc) Constant measure of discharge volumes (l/s, m 3 /s) Authority control system: Annual parallel sampling to compare results Annual assessment of data from the industry to check compliance

15 End of Part 1: ANY QUESTIONS

16 Part II Monitoring of point and non-point pollution

17 An effort of the society to learn by some form of measurements about the chemical, physical, biological and ecological characters and behaviour of water in the environment Robert C. Ward Colorado State University

18 Where does water quality fit in? Management Monitoring DATA Evaluation Quality assurance Compliance Enforcement POLICY The Management Cycle Strategy TRAINING Legislation Planning Economic Spatial

19 Principles for Monitoring Water management Information needs Monitoring strategy Information utilisation Reporting Network design Sample collection Data analysis Data handling Laboratory analyses

20 The aim of the monitoring? Questions to drive the demands: Public: Safe water for drinking, swimming, fishing, sporting Industry: Permit limits justified NGO s: Compliance with the laws Administrator: Where to focus the management Legislators: Accountability for money spending

21 The aim of the monitoring? Monitoring should be done for a reason: License/permit compliance Tracing of non-point pollution Overall water quality assessment of a waterbody Monitoring integrated in the legislation to provide justice for it

22 Short or long term monitoring? The duration of the monitoring system The time span for the monitoring will have an influence on the design Short term: Intensive sampling Long term: Extensive sampling

23 Where to monitor?

24 Point sources: Find them and you can start monitoring them: A point source can be: The discharge point from a single factory, suburb, treatment plant or other single sources Described by a well-defined catchment/production facility Normally more or less constant, but may show daily/monthly/annual variation.

25 NON-point sources Loads entering the water without a specific discharge point: Seepage from agricultural land to river/lake Overland flow under rain

26 Calculate the load from non-point sources? The non-point load is calculated as the difference between the discharge of known point-sources + background concentrations and the actual monitoring results in e.g. a river. WQ monitoring 1 Point source 1 Point source 2 WQ monitoring 2 Flow direction Non-point load

27 What to do about non-point sources? Try to quantify them and find the reason Divide the source up into sub-sources, based on type (e.g. agriculture, urban, etc) Look for possibilities to isolate the sub sources and consider treatment (turning non-point into point-source) Root zone system

28 Thank you Jesper Goodley Dannisøe,

29 Philipp Saile International Centre for Water Resources and Global Change GEMS/Water Data Centre

30 Water Quality in the SDGs Goal 6: Ensure access to water and sanitation for all 6 Technical Targets Target 6.3: Improve water quality 2 MOI targets Indicator 6.3.1: Percentage of wastewater safely treated Indicator 6.3.2: Percentage of water bodies with good ambient water quality

31 The ambient water quality indicator Starting point: GEMS/Water Global Water Quality Indicator Proximity-to-target index Parameter selection Benchmark/target definition Indicator calculation Temporal aggregation PTT-score calculation Spatial aggregation Parameter TDS %O2, DO Inorganic N Inorganic P Pollution Nutrient pollution, salinization Nutrient pollution Nutrient pollution Nutrient pollution E. Coli/FCB Microbial pollution

32 The monitoring ladder # of Parameters 5 parameters Existing monitoring networks Additional parameters Increasing monitoring network coverage Comprehensive set of parameters and monitoring network coverage Monitoring network coverage

33 National monitoring and reporting requirements Baseline assessment Designation of water bodies and river basins Identification/ adaptation to national conditions Classification based on existing monitoring data EEA/ETC-ICM WISE

34 Challenges Definition and designation of water bodies & river basins Definition of benchmark values Definition of classification levels Differences in monitoring systems Spatial and temporal coverage Inclusion of additional data sources (remote sensing, modelling)

35 Additional Questions

36 Thank you for attending WQ Webinar #5 Questions/comments to Maija Bertule Webinar recording and slides on YouTube (UNEP-DHI) and Short feedback survey in follow-up please take 5 minutes to fill in we value your opinion! Next, FINAL WQ webinar (#6) November 25 th : Data and Knowledge Management for Water Quality Registration: