Introduction to Thin Film Technology LOT. Chair of Surface and Materials Technology
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1 Introduction to Thin Film Introduction to Thin Film Verfahrenstechnik der Oberflächenmodifikationen Prof. Dr. Xin Jiang Lecture Institut für Werkstofftechnik der Uni-Siegen Sommersemester 2007
2 Introduction to Thin Film FACHBEREICH MASCHINENBAU Institut für Energietechnik Institut für Mechanik und Regelungstechnik - Mechatronik Institut für Fertigungstechnik Institut für Systemtechnik Institut für Fluidund Thermodynamik Institut für Werkstofftechnik Institut für Konstruktion
3 Introduction to Thin Film Institut für Werkstofftechnik Lehrstuhl für Materialkunde und Werkstoffprüfung Prof. Dr.-Ing. H.-J. Christ Lehrstuhl für Oberflächen- und Werkstofftechnologie Prof. Dr. rer. nat. X. Jiang
4 Introduction to Thin Film Forschungsschwerpunkte des Schichtsysteme ht t Superharte Schichten Funktionsschichten ht Kompositschichten Nanomaterialien Kohlenstoffbasierte Nanostrukturen Nanokomposite o Galvanische Nanostrukturen Werkstoffanalytik Strukturuntersuchungen Bestimmung von Material/Systemeigenschaften
5 Introduction to Thin Film Stil der Vorlesung - Skript: Kopie der Folien (Internet) - Vorlesung mit PP-Präsentation, Präsentation überwiegend auf Englisch -Prüfung (mündlich) Zeit und Raum werden vereinbart
6 Introduction to Thin Film Contents 1. Introduction and Application Examples (2h) 2. Vacuum Technique (1h) 2.1 Kinetics of Gases 2.22 Transport and Pumping of Gases 2.3 Pumping Systems Preparation of Thin Films by PVD (Physical Vapor Deposition) (10h) 2.2 Evaporation (3h) Thermal Evaporation Evaporation of alloy and compound films Reactive Evaporation Activated Reactive Evaporation Other modern Evaporation Techniques 2.3 Sputtering (4h) Physical Principals of the Processes Further Processes in Film Growth by Sputtering Sputtering of Alloys Reactive Sputtering Technical Setups of Sputtering 2.4 Production of Thin Films by Ions and ionized Clusters (0,5h) Characteristic Data of the Particles and their Influences on the Growth of the thin films (1,5h) 3 Preparation of Thin Films by CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition) (4h) 3.1 Conventional CVD Processes 3.2 Plasma-Assisted CVD Plasma Decomposition (a-c:h C:H, a-si:h) Microwave-Plasma-Assisted Diamond Deposition 4 Important Film Systems (2h)
7 Introduction to Thin Film Literatures 1. M. Ohring, "The materials science of thin films" (Academic Press 1992). 2. R. Kern et al., Basic Mechanisms in the early stages of epitaxy in Current Topics in Materials Science, vol 3, series Editor E. Kaldis, p IFF-Ferienkurs Dünne Schichten, März H. K. Pulker, Coatings on Glass, Thin Films Science and, 6, Elsevier K. Reichelt and X. Jiang, Thin Solid Films 191, (1990).
8 Introduction to Thin Film Definition How is the Thin Film defined? Which h topics are included d in the Surface?
9 Introduction to Thin Film The cleavage of a crystal: creation of new surfaces Break of the bonds Reconstruction of the surface atom Section perpendicular to the line of cleavage
10 Introduction to Thin Film Surface reconstruction The real crystal has broken (unoccupied) bonds on its surface which may lead to the surface reconstruction. (100) Si surface before reconstruction (rotated 4x4x2 and 6x6x2 lattices). White and blue balls show two FCC sublattices of Si. 2x1 reconstruction of (100) Si surface (RGBW colored and 6x6x2 lattices).
11 Introduction to Thin Film Real surface topography of metals (V) Contamination layer (IV) Adsorption layer (III) Reaction layer (II) Deformations layer (I) () Volume
12 Introduction to Thin Film Scientific areas Å to nm surface physics/chemistry/technique nm to µm physics/chemistry/technique of thin films Bulk properties dominited Bulk material solid state physics/chemistry/technique
13 Introduction to Thin Film Development of electronics Vakuumelekt ronik Fest körperelekt ronik 10-4 Mikroelekt ronik 10-6 Int egriert e Mikroelekt ronik 10-8 Molekulare Elekt ronik Jahr
14 Introduction to Thin Film Introduction to Thin Film The course provides foundations in thin film deposition; emphases the most used techniques. Modern thin film technology has evolved into a sophisticated set of techniques used to increase performance and aesthetic value of many products and make new functional systems and devices. There are following categories of thin film deposition Physical vapor deposition (PVD) Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) Chemical methods Electrochemical methods Combinations of these methods gives a large number of deposition techniques with unique impact on the thin film formation.
15 Introduction to Thin Film Thin Films and Deposition Thin films Monolayer - several micrometers Thin film properties may be different from those of bulk Quantum confinement effect: quantum and size surface/area ratio effects quantum dots Thin Film Deposition Thin films can be deposited under non-equilibrium conditions Solid - Melting -Vaporization- Condensation-Solidification Vapor - Reaction -Condensation-Solidification Gas/vapor- Plasma- Reaction-Condensation-Solidification
16 Introduction to Thin Film Application areas of thin films and surface engineering Electronics Flexible Polymer Light Emitting Displays Optical coatings Anti-reflex films for liens systems und umbrella glass Supra-conductive films SQUIDs Magnetic films Storage & reading Environment & energy technique low E window glass coating Heat prevention & corrosion resistance Turbine blade coating Super hard coatings Wear resistance of machine parts and tools
17 Introduction to Thin Film Thin Film Applications Variety of tool coatings: DLC / TiC / TiN, graphitic i-c, TiAlN, etc DryCoat Inc
18 Introduction to Thin Film Thin Film Applications
19 Introduction to Thin Film Optical functional films Anti-reflex films 2 R = n 0 n 2 n 0 + n 2 R = I refl. / I inc. n 2 =1,52 refraction index for glass n 2 = 1,0 refraction index for vacuum > 8% light lost by reflection. The reflection will be reduced by coating a selected film (MgF 2 ) of certain fraction index (n 1 = 1,38) and thickness: n = = λ 1 n 0 n 2 t 4
20 Introduction to Thin Film Thin Film Applications
21 Introduction to Thin Film Thin Film Applications Patinor
22 Introduction to Thin Film Thin Film Applications
23 Introduction to Thin Film Thin Film Applications
24 Introduction to Thin Film Tools coated with a-c:h filma
25 Introduction to Thin Film Films for the energy technique Glass Oxide block layer Ag layer
26 Introduction to Thin Film Research Fundamental Development of new materials Material behavior Applied Development of new products devices and systems Enhancement of the product performance Increase of product value including aesthetic value
27 Introduction to Thin Film Films and surface technology in the research Quanten Hall-Effekt
28 Introduction to Thin Film Band discontinuity of the semiconductor
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