Customizing Debian. Benjamin Mako Hill.

Transcription

1 Customizing Debian Based on a talk given at: New York Linux Use Group Ubuntu Debian GNU/Linux Project

2 The World of Debian Customizers There are 115 distributions derived from Debian. AbulÉdu Adamantix AGNULA GNU/Linux Audio Distribution ANTEMIUM Linux Arabbix ARMA aka Omoikane GNU/Linux ASLinux Auditor Security Linux Augustux B2D Linux BEERnix Biadix BIG LINUX Bioknoppix BlackRhino Bluewall GNU/Linux Bonzai Linux BrlSpeak Càtix CensorNet Clusterix ClusterKNOPPIX Condorux Damn Small Linux Danix DebXPde eduknoppix ERPOSS ESware Euronode FAMELIX Feather Linux Flonix Vital Data Forensic or Rescue Kit (FoRK) Freeduc-cd GEOLivre Linux Gibraltar Firewall GNIX-Vivo Gnoppix Linux gnulinex GNU/Linux Kinneret GNUstep Live CD grml Guadalinex Helix Hiweed Linux Impi Linux Julex K-DEMar Kaella Knoppix Linux Azur Kalango Linux KANOTIX KlusTriX knopils Knoppel Knoppix Knoppix 64 Knoppix STD KnoppiXMAME KnoppMyth Kurumin Linux LAMPPIX Libranet GNU/Linux LIIS Linux LinEspa Linspire Linux Live Game Project Linux Loco LinuxDefender Live! CD Linuxin LiVux Local Area Security Linux (L.A.S.) Luinux Luit Linux MAX: Madrid_Linux Mediainlinux MEPIS Linux Metadistro-Pequelin MIKO GNYO/Linux Morphix Munjoy Linux Nature's Linux NordisKnoppix OGo Knoppix Oralux Overclockix Quantian Penguin Sleuth PHLAK PilotLinux Progeny Debian Rays Linux ROSLIMS Live CD Salvare Santa Fe Linux Shabdix GNU/Linux Skolelinux Slavix Slix Slo-Tech Linux Soyombo Mongolian Linux SULIX Tablix on Morphix Tilix Linux TupiServer Linux Ubuntu Linux UserLinux WHoppiX X-evian Xfld Xandros Desktop OS Xarnoppix ZoneCD Zopix

3 The World of Debian Customizers The most recognizable include: Knoppix Linspire/Lindows MEPIS Ubuntu UserLinux Xandros

4 Debian: Ultra Quick Facts Debian contains what is 15,000+ packages (and adding 5 each day); Debian consists of 1,000 official volunteers; Debian includes the work of many companies and organizations; Debian is 100% free software; Debian has very good package management;

5 One Size Does Not Fit All

6 To Fork or Not To Fork

7 Goals of Customizers Overview The goals and problems of customizers include: Custom software selection Custom software configuration Software replacement Custom installers/environments Plus: Gain from others work Share your work

8 Selecting Packages Task packages Metapackages Debtags

9 Package Selection Details Meta-Packages S o u r c e : u s e r l i n u x - e m t e r p r i s e - d e s k t o p S e c t i o n : u s e r l i n u x P r i o r i t y : o p t i o n a l M a i n t a i n e r : B r u c e P e r e n s < b r u c p e r e n s. c o m > S t a n d a r d s - V e r s i o n : P a c k a g e : u s e r l i n u x - d e s k t o p A r c h i t e c t u r e : a l l D e p e n d s : b a s h, c u p s y s, c u p s y s - c l i e n t, e c l i p s e - s d k, e p i p h a n y, e v o l u t i o n, g a i m, g f a x, g h f a x v i e w e r, g i m p, g i m p - d a t a - e x t r a s, g i m p - m a n u a l, g i m p - p e r l, g i m p - p y t h o n, g i m p p r i n t - d o c, g i m p p r i n t - l o c a l e s, g n o m e, g n o m e - c o n t r o l - c e n t e r, g n o m e - c o r e, g n o m e - c u p s - m a n a g e r, g n o m e - g a m e s, g n o m e - m e d i a, g n o m e - s y s t e m - m o n i t o r, g n o m e - s y s t e m - t o o l s, g n o m e - t e r m i n a l, g n o m e - u t i l s, g t h u m b, h y l a f a x - c l i e n t, h y l a f a x - d o c, h y l a f a x - s e r v e r, k e r n e l - i m a g e , m o z i l l a, m y s p e l l - d i c t i o n a r y, o o q s t a r t - g n o m e, o p e n o f f i c e. o r g, o p e n o f f i c e. o r g - h e l p, o p e n o f f i c e. o r g - h y p h e n a t i o n, o p e n o f f i c e. o r g - m i m e l n k, o p e n o f f i c e. o r g - t h e s a u r u s, p a n, p l a n n e r, r h y t h m b o x, s a m b a, s m b c l i e n t, s m b f s, t o m c a t 4, t o t e m, u s e r m i n - p o s t g r e s q l, w i n e, w i n e - d o c, w i n e - u t i l s, w i n e s e t u p t k, x - t t c i d f o n t - c o n f, x c h a t D e s c r i p t i o n : I n s t a l l s t h e U s e r L i n u x d e s k t o p s o f t w a r e p a c k a g e s. U s e r L i n u x i s a l o g i c a l s u b s e t o f t h e D e b i a n s y s t e m. I n s t a l l i n g t h i s p a c k a g e w i l l c a u s e a l l o f t h e s o f t w a r e p a c k a g e s t h a t a r e a s t a n d a r d p a r t o f t h e U s e r L i n u x d e s k t o p s y s t e m t o b e i n s t a l l e d. Debtags

10 Configuring Packages Debconf preseeding Low-priority (or unasked) Debconf Questions cfengine tweaks

11 Debconf Examples

12 cfengine Tweaks e d i t f i l e s : { $ ( f t p ) / e t c / p a s s w d A u t o C r e a t e E m p t y E n t i r e F i l e P l e a s e A p p e n d I f N o S u c h L i n e " f t p : x : $ ( u i d ) : $ ( g i d ) : A n o n y m o u s F T P : $ ( f t p ) : / b i n / s y n c " } { $ ( f t p ) / e t c / g r o u p A u t o C r e a t e E m p t y E n t i r e F i l e P l e a s e A p p e n d I f N o S u c h L i n e " f t p : : $ ( g i d ) : " } { $ ( f t p ) / e t c / s h a d o w A u t o C r e a t e E m p t y E n t i r e F i l e P l e a s e A p p e n d I f N o S u c h L i n e " f t p : N P : : : : : : : " }

13 Replacing Packages Shared package repositories Version Control Magic

14 Creating Custom Installers/Environments Examples: Progeny uses Anaconda, the Redhat installer, to install their Debian based system. Knoppix, Morphix, etc. are "Live" distributions meant to be run off a CD.

15 Summary Problem: Debian is great -- But can't be everything everyone wants it to be at once. Answer: Balance the global and local in creating infrastructure to: Select software Configure software Replace software Install and run software in different ways Result: A complex and varied set of approaches. A single united goal of inter-project and inter-distribution collaboration and Total World Domination.