Agile Practices for Waterfall Projects

Transcription

1 Agile Practices for Waterfall Projects Shifting Processes for Competitive Advantage Barbee Davis, PMR PMI-ACR PHR J.ROSS PUBLISHING

2 CONTENTS Preface About the Author ix xi Chapter 1: Why Agile Now? t. 1 Three Current Project Questions 3 Project Management Certifications : 5 The Genesis of Project Management 6 The Need for Change 8 References 10 Chapter 2: What Is Agile? 11 "Big Agile" and "little agile" 11 Iterative and Incremental Development by a Dedicated Team 13 Embracing Change 14 Working Closely with Your Customer 16 References 17 Chapter 3: Where Did Agile Ideas Originate? 19 Frederick Taylor 19 Frank and Lillian Galbraith, 21 Henri Fayol, 22 Henry Ford 23 Henry Gantt 24 Winston Royce 25 Peter Drucker 25 Eliyahu Goldratt., 26 Abraham Maslow and Douglas McGregor 27 James Reddin 29 Hirotaka Takeuchi and Ikujiro Nonaka 29 Hi

3 iv Agile Practices for Waterfall Projects Sakichi Toyoda, Kiichiro Toyoda, and Taiichi Ohno 30, References 35 Chapter 4: What Are Agile Practices and How Do They Work? 37 Find Errors Early 41 Prototyping 43 Early Customer Involvement 45 Agile vs. Waterfall 48 Plan, Do, Check, Act 49 References 53 Chapter 5: What Are Some More New Agile Concepts?.; 55 Favor the Simple Over the Complex 55 Phase-to-Phase Relationships 58 The Non-Software Agile Process 59 v - User Stories 62 Progressive Elaboration 67 References 70 Chapter 6: Should My Projects Be Agile? 71 Waterfall Process Candidates 74 Agile Candidates 75 The Agile Evaluator 77 Hybrid Products 80 The New Marketing Strategy 82 The Google Car 83 Hybrid Medical Devices 85 The New Product or Service Measurements of Quality 88 References 90 Chapter 7: How Does an Agile Team Get Started? 91 Create Team Operating Rules 91 Select Techniques to Reach Consensus 93 Confirm Initiating Processes 95 Planning Agile Work 96 Iterative Development and Risk 97 The Agile-ish WBS Moving User Stories Into Iterations 101 Chapter 8: How Do Agile Teams Estimate? 107 Team Estimates 107 The Fibonacci Sequence.: 108

4 Contents v Planning Poker Ill Team Estimation Game 113 Dog Estimates 115 T-shirt Sizes 115 Selecting Tasks 115 Tracking Agile Progress 116 Daily Agile Stand-up Meetings 119 References 122 Chapter 9: What Agile Tools Are Important? 123 End-of-Iteration Practices 123 Velocity 124 Social Loafing...:...f. 129 Interacting with Traditional Teams 132 Getting Started with Agile.., 133 Iteration Time Breakdown '. 136 References 138 Chapter 10: How Does Agile Scale to the Enterprise Level? 141 One Backlog One Team 141 One Backlog Mixed Teams 143 One Backlog Many Teams 144 Multiple, Independent Product Backlogs 144 Separate, But Cooperating Teams 146 Collocated Teams 146 Chapter 11: How Do I Work With Distributed Teams? 151 Distributed Teams : 151 Casual Conversations 154 Story Cards 155 Time Zones 156 Language 156 Communications Tools 158 Work Tracking Tools 160 Remote Daily Stand-ups 160 Travel 161 The Lone Expert 161 References.:. 162 Chapter 12: What Do I Use for Agile Documentation? 163 Earned Value Method 163 Agile Earned Value 165

5 vi Agile Practices for Waterfall Projects Software Documents 169 Burndown Chart with Scope Changes 171 Burnup Chart 174 Cumulative Flow Diagram 174 References 176 Chapter 13: What Needs to Change in My Own Skill Set? 177 Self-managed Teams 177 Collocated and Dedicated Teams 178 Facilitation Skills 179 Sales Skills 180 Coordination Skills Collaboration Skills 181 Team Building Skills 182 Conflict Resolution Skills 182 x Training Skills ;:'.' 184 Group Decision Making Skills 184 Social Styles Skills 185 Servant-Leader Skills, 192 Millennium Management Skills 194 Process Tailoring Skills References 200 Chapter 14: What Needs To Change In My Business Skill Sets? 201 Six Changes to Embrace 201 Cost of Failure 203 Aligning Projects to Strategic Objectives 205 Maximizing Revenue Streams and Flexibility 208 Handling Cancelled or Deferred Projects 211 Agile Budgeting and Forecasting 212 Actively Seeking New Technology 214 Documenting Team Authority 218 References 220 Chapter 15: What Shifts in Business Will Affect Me? 221 Common Team Workspaces 222 Design That Matters: Junkyard Incubators 225 Microsoft Research Division: Space Design 226 Steelcase, Inc.: Furnishings Design 226 Skype: Virtual Space Design 227 Explicit and Tacit Knowledge 228 References 231

6 Contents vii Chapter 16: What Changes Are Needed in My Organization? 233 Authorization 234 Resource Management 235 Communications 236 Metrics Contracts 237 High-level Involvement 244 Cost Accounting and Other Reports 245 Team Member Reactions.'. 247 Radical Management Shifts 247 The Growing Importance of Intangible Assets 249 A Need for PMO Refocusing A Change in Human Resources Practices 252 References 254 Chapter 17: What Are Scrum, XP, and DSDM? 257 Software Development 257 Scrum 259 Extreme Programming 264 Dynamic Systems Development Method 270 References 275 Chapter 18: What Are Lean, Kanban, Crystal, and Other Agile Practices? 277 Lean Manufacturing : 277 Kanban 278 Toyota Production System 283 Lean Software Development 284 Rational Unified Process 284 Crystal Methodologies 287 Feature Driven Development 288 References 290 Chapter 19: How Do I Jumpstart Change? '. 293 Choosing a Pilot Project 293 Train the Product Owner 294 Sell Up, Down, and Sideways 294 Talk the Talk 297 Learn the Change Process 298 References 300

7 viii Agile Practices for Waterfall Projects Chapter 20: Who Has Made Agile Work? 301 CH2M Hill's Rocky Flats Project 301 Boeing's 787 Project 303 The Kauffman Performing Arts Center Project 307 AccuRev Agile Sales Team 308 GVK's Mumbai, India Airport Project 308 The Sydney Opera House Project 310 References 312 Chapter 21: Parting Advice 315 Glossary 321 Index ". 333