8/29/2013. Lennart Johnsson COSC4377 COSC4377. Lecture 2. Lennart Johnsson COSC4377. Assignment 0 demo

Transcription

1 Lecture 2 Assignment 0 demo 1

2 Chapter 1: Roadmap 1.1 what is the Inter? 1.2 work edge end systems, works, links 1.3 work core Inter structure, packet switching, circuit switching 1.4 delay, loss, throughput in works 1.5 protocol layers, service models 1.6 works under attack: security 1.7 history Slide from Kurose & Ross, 6 th Ed 3 Inter core The core: Routers Communication links Fiber cables Satellites Microwave.. mobile work home work Network core global ISP regional ISP institutional work 4 2

3 The Inter _transparent.png 5 Amsterdam, SARA 6 3

4 Current Sea Cables 7 Planned Sea Cables 8 4

5 Cable ship 9 Subsea cable work 10 5

6 Subsea Cables 11 Subsea Fibre Cable, armoured Courtesy: Alcatel 12 6

7 13 Interesting reading In "Tubes," journalist Andrew Blum goes inside the Inter's physical infrastructure and flips on the lights, revealing an utterly fresh look at the online world we think we know. It is a shockingly tactile realm of unmarked compounds, populated by a special caste of engineer who pieces together our works by hand; where glass fibers pulse with light and creaky telegraph buildings, tortuously rewired, become communication hubs once again. From the room in Los Angeles where the Inter first flickered to life to the caverns beneath Manhattan where new fiber optic cable is buried; from the coast of Portugal, where a ten thousand mile undersea cable just two thumbs wide connects Europe and Africa, to the wilds of the Pacific Northwest, where Google, Microsoft, and Facebook have built monumental data centers Blum chronicles the dramatic story of the Inter's development, explains how it all works, and takes the first ever in depth look inside its hidden monuments. Like Tracy Kidder's classic "The Soul of a New Machine" or Tom Vanderbilt's recent bestseller "Traffic," "Tubes" combines on theground reporting and lucid explanation into an engaging, mindbending narrative to help us understand the physical world that underlies our digital lives. 14 7

8 Inter structure: work of works End systems connect to Inter via ISPs (Inter Service Providers) Residential, company and university ISPs Access ISPs in turn must be interconnected. So that any two hosts can send packets to each other Resulting work of works is very complex Evolution was driven by economics and national policies Let s take a stepwise approach to describe current Inter structure mobile work home work institutional work global ISP regional ISP Slide from Kurose & Ross, 6 th Ed 15 Inter structure: work of works Question: given millions of ISPs, how to connect them together? Slide from Kurose & Ross, 6 th Ed 16 8

9 Inter structure: work of works Option: connect each ISP to every other ISP? connecting each ISP to each other directly doesn t scale: O(N 2 ) connections. Slide from Kurose & Ross, 6 th Ed 17 Inter structure: work of works Option: connect each ISP to a global transit ISP? Customer and provider ISPs have economic agreement. global ISP Slide from Kurose & Ross, 6 th Ed 18 9

10 Inter structure: work of works But if one global ISP is viable business, there will be competitors. ISP A ISP B ISP C Slide from Kurose & Ross, 6 th Ed 19 Inter structure: work of works But if one global ISP is viable business, there will be competitors. which must be interconnected Inter exchange point ISP A IXP IXP ISP B ISP C peering link Slide from Kurose & Ross, 6 th Ed 20 10

11 A Sample of major IXPs List_of_Inter_exchange_points_by_size Amsterdam IXP ix./ Frankfurt IXP cix./ 22 11

12 Inter Exchanges Physical 60 Hudson Street, NYC Amsterdam Building covers one complete city block and stores 80,000 gallons of fuel Frankfurt Inter structure: work of works and regional works may arise to connect s to ISPS ISP A IXP IXP ISP B ISP C regional Slide from Kurose & Ross, 6 th Ed 24 12

13 Inter structure: work of works and content provider works (e.g., Google, Microsoft, Akamai ) may run their own work, to bring services, content close to end users ISP A ISP B ISP B IXP Content provider work IXP regional Slide from Kurose & Ross, 6 th Ed 25 Akamai Traffic Customer Examples BBC BMW CBS ESPN FedEx FOX GM Hilton Houston Chronicle IBM IDC Microsoft MTV NASA NBC NPR Sony Toyota Travelocity USA Today Verizon Yahoo! 26 13

14 Inter structure: work of works Tier 1 ISP Tier 1 ISP Google IXP IXP IXP Regional ISP Regional ISP ISP ISP ISP ISP ISP ISP ISP ISP at center: small # of well connected large works tier 1 commercial ISPs (e.g., Level 3, Sprint, AT&T, NTT), national & international coverage content provider work (e.g, Google): private work that connects it data centers to Inter, often bypassing tier 1, regional ISPs Slide from Kurose & Ross, 6 th Ed 28 14

15 Tier 1 ISP: e.g., Sprint POP: point-of-presence to/from backbone peering to/from customers Slide from Kurose & Ross, 6 th Ed 29 National Research and Education Networks Inter2 100G (completed July 2013) ES5 Routed Network.png ipv6 1.pdf NLR map.php 30 15

16 GEANT 31 GLIF (Global Lambda Integrated Facility)

17 Gloriad Total Gbytes transferred during last hour (since :17:26 (US Eastern Time): GB ; Total Gbytes transferred during last 24 hours: 5, GB 33 Gloriad Traffic Example 10 am CDT 34 17

18 Research Community Network Example LHC 35 LHC Optical Private Network

19 8/29/2013 RENoH College Station Dallas Kansas City Chicago Baton Rouge Jacksonville San Antonio El Paso Los Angeles 12 strands LEARN NLR 24 strands 37 RENoH Dark Fiber work UHD Rice RCF UH Research Baylor MD Anderson TMC Rice TAMU HSC Texas Heart I. UHCL Texas Women U UTHSCH NASA UH Pharmacy Hospitals Herman H Methodist H. St Luke s A&M Shriner Texas Chikdren s UHCC UTMB 38 19

20 ES Net, Inter2 ES-Net, Inter2 LEARN SETG NLR 39 LEARN (Lonestar Education and Research Network) learn.org/ 40 20