History of Psychology. 1.5 Weeks

Transcription

1 CURRICULUM FRAMEWORK SOCIAL STUDIES Psychology STATE STANDARDS P.19 Describe the interactive effects of heredity and environment. History of Psychology 1.5 Weeks P.33 Explain the interaction of environment and biological factors in development, including the role of the brain in all aspects of development. P.35 Distinguish methods used to study development. P.38 Discuss cognitive, moral and social development theories. P.43 Describe social, cultural, and emotional development through childhood. P.46 Describe the formation of identity. P.47 Examine the role of family and peers in adolescent development. P.51 Describe the attributional explanations of behavior. P.55 Describe the effects of others presence on individuals behavior. P.63 Analyze the relationship between culture and conceptions of self and identity. P.71 Identify factors that influence encoding. BIG IDEAS Psychology has changed in numerous ways since its beginning stages. Relevance: Psychology began researchers such as Sigmund Freud who focused on the unconscious which led many to believe that Psychology was a not a scientific discipline. TNSS: P.19, P.43, P.46, P.63 Early Psychologists had varying perspectives on the major influences of personality and behavior development. Each perspective had important contributions to our overall understanding of human and animal behavior and thought processes Relevance: Through the eclectic approach to psychology, we have a more well-rounded view of human and animal behavior and thought processes TNSS: P.19, P.33, P.35, P.38, P.43, P.46, P.47, P.51, P.55, P.63, P.71 With the invention of many different technological tools, Psychologists are able to research the brain and body with tangible information on the origin of many behaviors. Relevance: We have scientific basis for our beliefs about psychology and current science helps develop more understanding each year. This is a live science. TNSS: P.19, P.33, P.35, P.38, P.43, P.46, P.47, P.51, P.55, P.63, P.71 GUIDING QUESTIONS 1. How did each historical and modern perspective differ? What was their point of focus? 2. How did each historical and modern perspective influence our overall understanding of human and animal behavior and thought processes? 3. How does each of these perspectives influence modern approaches to therapy and counseling? SUGGESTED ACTIVITIES 1. Worksheet: Contemporary Approaches Applied *see appendix 5 2. Create a poster to explain a Psychological Approach *see appendix 6 3. Poem: Six Men of Indostan Discussion on how this poem relates to the Psychological Approaches Shelby County Schools 1 of 2

2 CURRICULUM FRAMEWORK SOCIAL STUDIES Psychology RESOURCES ASSESSMENT 1. Terms quiz over relevant vocabulary 2. Chapter Test 3. Essay on How has Psychology and Psychological theory changed since its origins? 4. Project poster on Approaches Shelby County Schools 2 of 2

3 CONTEMPORARY APPROACHES - APPLIED The purpose of this activity is for you to practice using the terms and facts associated with each of the Contemporary Approaches of Psychology. Use the scenario below for each of the Contemporary Approaches and describe how a psychologist believing in each approach would address Mike s behavior. SCENARIO: Mike is a 17-year-old senior in high school. Mike was adopted when he was 4 years old. He is African American but his parents are Caucasian. He lives in a small community known for its farmland and rich history in the cement business. Until his senior year, Mike earned A s and B s but is currently failing the majority of his classes. Eight months ago, Mike s grandmother passed away. His father fell into a deep depression and began staying out all hours of the night at the local bar. Two months ago, Mike s mother told him that she was going to be divorcing his father. Then, last week, Mike drove his car off the road on his way to school, hit a tree, and suffered a concussion. Mike rarely hangs out with his friends anymore and his school attendance has rapidly declined. 1. Biological Approach 2. Psychoanalytic Approach 1

4 3. Behaviorist Approach 4. Humanistic Approach 5. Cross-Cultural or Sociocultural Approach 6. Cognitive Approach 2

5 PSYCHOLOGICAL APPROACHES POSTER Create a poster to represent one of the approaches to psychology: 1. biological 2. socio- cultural 3. psychoanalytic 4. cognitive 5. behavioral 6. Cognitive- behavioral 7. evolutionary 8. humanistic Time will be given in class for you to use the school computers or you may use whatever software you have at home to make a poster as well. Your poster may be hand drawn as well. Poster must be minimally 10 X 12 inches in size Create a clever slogan that summarizes/describes or pertains to a psychological approach. Put the definition of your approach on the poster Select posters will be chosen to hang on the wall. If your group s poster is chosen, the groups will receive bonus points. This project is worth a test grade. Due date:

6 CURRICULUM FRAMEWORK SOCIAL STUDIES Psychology STATE STANDARDS P.1 Describe the scientific method and its role in psychology. Psychology and the Scientific Method 2-3 Weeks P.2 Describe the scientific method and compare a variety of quantitative and qualitative research methods. P.3 Elaborate on systematic procedures used to improve the validity of research findings, including external validity. P.4 Discuss how and why psychologists use non-human animals in research and identify guidelines to follow regarding this type of research. P.5 Identify ethical standards psychologists must follow regarding research with human participants. P.6 Explain descriptive statistics and qualitative data and explain how they are used by psychological scientists. P.7 Define correlation coefficients and explain their appropriate interpretation. P.8 Interpret graphical representations of data as used in both quantitative and qualitative methods and explain other statistical concepts, such as statistical significance and effect size. P.9 Explain how validity and reliability of observations and measurements relate to data analysis. BIG IDEAS With the introduction and use of the scientific method to psychological research, psychology has gained credibility as a science and has reached further than ever before in being able to explain behavior and thought processes. Relevance: Before the application of the scientific method to psychology, many theorists were unable to give verifiable evidence for their philosophies. Although they had a big impact on psychology, approaches such as psychoanalysis and humanism were viewed as opinion and lacking in merit. TNSS: P. 1, P.9 Psychology often uses correlational research to establish relationships in variables as well as experimental research that establishes cause and effect. Relevance: The Scientific Method in Psychology can be used in correlational and experimental research TNSS: P. 2, P. 3, P. 6, P. 7 As with all sciences, research can be summarized with mathematical and numerical data. Relevance: Numerical data gives measurable information for psychological research TNSS: P. 7, P. 8 Ethical guidelines have been developed to ensure the humane treatment of participants in psychological research whether they be animals or humans. Relevance: Without universal guidelines for ethical practice, individuals would be left to determine appropriate practice. History suggests that psychological research has the potential to be physically and mentally harmful if not done within appropriate parameters. TNSS: P. 4, P. 5 GUIDING QUESTIONS 1. What are the steps to the scientific method and how do these steps relate to psychological research? 2. Compare and contrast correlational research and experimental research methods in psychology. What are the benefits and shortcomings of each method? 3. Explain the concept and use of correlational coefficients in research. 4. Be able to read and interpret graphical data for psychological research. 5. Discuss the role of animal experimentation and study in psychology. 6. Discuss the ethical guidelines in psychology and their importance. 7. Explain the importance of validity and reliability in psychological research. Shelby County Schools 1 of 2

7 CURRICULUM FRAMEWORK SOCIAL STUDIES Psychology SUGGESTED ACTIVITIES 1. Have students work in groups on reading psychological studies and identifying components of the scientific method. 2. Have students work in groups reading graphs and data and interpreting results from psychological studies. 3. Have students generate a survey to be given out in their school on a student behavior of interest. Have students collect and interpret data. 4. Show students examples of psychological research done (Milgrim Study, Stanford Prison Experiment, etc.) and have them identify areas of studies that do not follow current ethical guidelines and explain why. 5. Analyzing Correlations worksheet *see appendix 1 6. Independent/Dependent Variable Practice worksheet *see appendix 2 7. Scientific Method Practice worksheet *see appendix 3 8. Survey Project *see Appendix 4 RESOURCES Famous Psychological Studies That Could Never Happen Today by Meredith Danko 2. Psychology Today 3. Forty Studies That Changed Psychology by Roger R. Hock df ASSESSMENT 1. Document assessing an individual student s ability to identify research method and parts of experiment. *see appendix 2 & 3 2. Unit test including essay on designing an experiment. 3. Read current articles to determine correlation vs. causation. Shelby County Schools 2 of 2

8 Analyzing Correlations INTRODUCTION: A positive correlation describes variables or sets of data that are both increasing or both decreasing. For example, as outdoor temperature decreases, the number of mosquito bites you get decreases. Negative correlations describe sets of data in which one set is increasing while the other is decreasing. For example, your knowledge of psychology is increasing as the number of pages you have left to read in the text is decreasing. It is important to remember that a correlation only describes a relationship between two things. It does not mean that one thing causes another. ACTIVITY 1: Match the item in column A with the item from column B that best correlates with it, then determine if it is a positive or negative correlation. ACTIVITY 2: 1. Develop a list of 5 positive correlations and 5 negative correlations. 2. Answer: Many advertisements imply a cause-and-effect relationship between two variables or sets of data. For example, you will get more dates if you use Brand Y mouthwash. What is the potential fallacy in such claims?

9 3. Search printed materials or online to find an example of a correlation made by writers or advertisers. Prepare a brief analysis that answers the following questions and includes a brief summary of the correlation: a. Is there an implied cause-and-effect relationship? b. Has the relationship been scientifically proven?

10 INDEPENDENT/DEPENDENT VARIABLES Di r ect i ons: Gi v e n t he f ol l owi ng hy pot he s i s, pi c k out t he i nde pe nde nt v ar i abl e, and the dependent variable. Independent Variable: This is the variable that the experimenter controls. Dependent Variable: This is what results from the experimenter varying or changing the independent variable. EXAMPLE 1. X amount of sleeping pills helps the otherwise healthy person with insomnia to sleep better. a. Independent: the medicine/sleeping pills b. Dependent: # of people that slept better with/without sleeping pills 2. Individuals will respond more to a person in uniform than to a person not in uniform. 3. Violent behavior observed in early childhood will cause individuals to become violent as adults. 4. Tylenol will improve lower back pain in individuals more than a placebo. 5. Men who lift weights are less likely to suffer sports related injuries than those who do not. 6. Females that take a multivitamin are less likely to have children with birth defects than females that do not take a multivitamin.

11 Survey Project DIRECTIONS: A psychologist has hired you to help conduct some research on high school students. They want to publish an article and have asked you to contribute. You must utilize a survey format, in which you ask questions of a selected group. You are free to examine any aspect of high school life. MANDATORY ASSIGMENT: Design and prepare a survey by completing the steps below. Step 1: Define a topic/set goals Develop a hypothesis to test. Most surveys measure attitudes or behaviors. Describe why this topic is interesting to you Step 2: Select a sample What kind of people will you survey? This is called your target population. How many people will you survey? How will you avoid bias and tainted results? Step 3: Create a questionnaire Surveys can be conducted in various ways, including; phone, mail, in person, online, etc. Due to money and time constraints, choose either an online or in-person survey. Kiss Keep it short and simple Include an introduction. State who you are and what you are studying If you are researching something that subjects might hesitate to share information about, include a disclaimer that promises that you will not share their identities with anyone. Allow don t know or not-applicable answers Make the early questions easy and inviting to answer Include a title Leave a space at the end for other comments. This information can be as valuable as the actual survey questions. Be sure to collect information that can be used to draw conclusions about certain demographics (i.e. race, sex, age) If you create a multiple choice question, make sure all possible answers are included as options or include an other, or doesn t apply to me option. If you are researching attitudes about a topic, a rating scale may be more accurate than a yes or no answer. Prepare a document to be submitted with the following information: 1. Hypothesis 2. Reason for choosing the items to be surveyed 3. Sample who is the target population? Be very specific. 4. Questionnaire At least 10 questions. Follow the tips in step 3. Questionnaire should be a valuable resource for finding an answer to the hypothesis. 5. Reflection Write in paragraph form and answer ALL of the following a. How would you conduct your survey? Time? Where?

12 b. What potential problems do you see with conducting the survey? OPTIONAL ASSIGNMENT: Conduct and analyze your survey. Step 1: Conduct the survey Via online test (Facebook, etc.) or in-person Step 2: Score the data/process the results Determine how you will manipulate the data in order to better complete step 3 Step 3: Analyze the results Use graphs or charts to draw conclusions and answer the hypothesis Present information on different demographics Determine accuracy of results and/or possible biases or variables Prepare a written document to be submitted with the following information: 1. Title 2. Description, hypothesis, and reason for choosing the research topic 3. Results include graphs or charts 4. Analysis what conclusions can be drawn and what changes can be made 5. Document any sources utilized in MLA format

13 SCIENTIFIC METHOD PRACTICE Did You Know: The world lunacy (insanity) comes from the word lunar ( of the moon ) Psychologists wanted to find out if people are less likely to help in an emergency situation if there is a full moon. An emergency situation (a flat tire) was staged for 20 males and 20 females, all in cars. One-half of the subjects were tested when there was a full moon. The other half was tested when there was no full moon. Helping was defined as seeing the flat tire, stopping, and getting out of the car to assist in any way. 1. What is the hypothesis? 2. Who were the subjects? 3. What was the dependent variable? 4. What was the independent variable? 5. What was the control group? 6. What was the experimental group? 1

14 TRY SETTING UP YOUR OWN A motivational speaker claims that wearing red on the day of an exam energizes the brain and improves performance. Your psychology professor doubts that this is true. Design an experiment that would test whether the speaker is correct. 1. What is your hypothesis? 2. Who are the subjects? 3. What is the dependent variable? 4. What is the independent variable? 5. What is the control group? 6. What is the experimental group? 2

15 CURRICULUM FRAMEWORK SOCIAL STUDIES Psychology STATE STANDARDS Biological Psychology 3-4 Weeks P.10 Identify the major divisions and subdivisions of the human nervous system. P.11 Identify the parts of the neuron and describe the basic process of neural transmission. P.12 Differentiate between the structures and functions of the various parts of the central nervous system. P.13 Describe lateralization of brain functions. P.14 Discuss the mechanisms and the importance of plasticity of the nervous system. P.15 Describe how the endocrine glands are linked to the nervous system. P.16 Describe how hormones affect behavior and mental processes. P.17 Describe how hormones affect the immune system. P.18 Analyze concepts in genetic transmission. P.19 Describe the interactive effects of heredity and environment. P.20 Explain how evolved tendencies influence behavior. P.21 Identify tools used to study the nervous system. P.22 Describe advances made in neuroscience and discuss issues related to scientific advances in neuroscience and genetics. BIG IDEAS With our growing knowledge of the anatomy and physiology of the Central Nervous System and the Peripheral Nervous System, we are better able to understand how these biological structures influence and control behaviors. Relevance: The CNS and PNS are the origins of all thought and behavior. This has a major impact on both normal and abnormal behaviors studied in psychology. TNSS: P.10, P.11, P.12, P.21, P.22 Advances in technology have allowed us to understand the brain, its structure and function in ways that were previously impossible. Relevance: Knowledge of the structure and function of the brain allows us to understand how the brain works, how it develops, and lastly how damage or deterioration affects an individual. TNSS: P.13, P.14, P.21, P.22 The endocrine system and the hormones it secretes affect behavior and mental processes. These include such behaviors and processes such as aggression, sexuality, and mood. Relevance: Hormone release, levels, etc. affects behavior and mental processes on a daily basis. In teenagers, as puberty sets in, certain hormones affect sleep cycles, sexuality, mood, etc. TNSS: P.15, P.16, P.17 Understanding of genetics and it s impact on heredity and behavior has revolutionized our understanding of Psychological behaviors and mental processes. Relevance: Biological Geneticists have studied heredity and how it impacts behavior and mental processes. They have found at least 6 personality traits that are linked to genetic inheritance. TNSS: P.18, P.19, P.20, P.22 Darwin s Theory of Evolution forever changed how we view behavior and genetic influence. Relevance: The Evolutionary Approach to Psychology states that our behaviors evolved to help us to survive in our environments. For example, historically, as a boy approaches puberty, his testosterone levels increase his aggressiveness. In the primitive man, aggressiveness was a helpful characteristic in a man in order for him to hunt for food and to protect his family. Therefore aggressiveness in modern teens can be explained by the historical necessity in males. TNSS: P.20 Shelby County Schools 1 of 2

16 CURRICULUM FRAMEWORK SOCIAL STUDIES Psychology GUIDING QUESTIONS 1. How has our understanding of the structure and function of the CNS and PNS affected our understanding of behavior and mental processes? 2. Explain the correlation between chemical levels (both neurotransmitters and hormones) and their effects on normal and abnormal behaviors. 3. Discuss the interaction of genetic traits and how this affects the outcome of gene expression in behaviors. 4. Explain the differences between the many different forms of technology used to study the brain. Compare and contrast these different mechanisms. Explain which type of technology might be better for different types of research. 5. Be able to discuss the pathway of a neural impulse. Be able to explain such concepts as the all-or-none principle and how it affects the Absolute Threshold. 6. Discuss the importance of specialization and integration in the brain and how different areas of the brain are used in a single behavior (example: reading a passage in a book and being able to verbally express what it says. 7. Identify the lobes of the brain and be able to explain the function of each. 8. Be able to identify the different structures of the brain and the function of each. 9. Explain the significance of the large association areas in a human compared to other animals. 10. Compare and contrast the differences between the autonomic nervous system and the somatic nervous system. 11. Explain what happens physically to the body during a fight-or-flight response. Explain how this affects the Misattribution Theory. SUGGESTED ACTIVITIES 1. National Geographic Series Born to Rage generate discussion on video that discusses the effects of The Warrior Gene 2. NOVA Series Dogs Decoded generate discussion on video that discusses the evolution of the domesticated dog and its social intelligence. This video also shows the 50 year old study done in Russia on domestication by Dmitri K. Belyaev. 3. Neuron telephone game to demonstrate the relay path of a neural message. Have a student come up with a long phrase or quote. Student should then relay it to the next student in the form of a whisper. Students continue to pass the information from student to student until the information reaches the last student. The last student tells the class what the new information has become. This is used to compare and contrast the relay method of the neuron with the students method of relaying information. 4. Work sheets to color and identify parts of the CNS, PNS, Endocrine system, etc. 5. Brain Coloring worksheet *see appendix 7 6. Neuron Coloring worksheet *see appendix 8 RESOURCES 1. National Geographic Series Born to Rage 2. NOVA Series Dogs Decoded 3. Six Clues to Character by Hara Estroff Marano 4. Frontline film Inside the Teenage Brain 5. ASSESSMENT 1. Terms quiz over relevant vocabulary 2. Chapter Test 3. Essay question explaining how biology impacts behavior. Ex: Explain how the hormones estrogen and testosterone specifically affect the behaviors of males and females. Ex: Explain how damage to the frontal lobe might affect a person s behavior and personality. 4. Essay explaining the impact of Nature on Nurture. Ex: From the National Geographic Series Born to Rage, explain how the Warrior Gene has been expressed differently in the Big Hazzard gang members and the Navy Seal. Explain how a person s upbringing can affect the expression of a particular gene in someone s genome. Shelby County Schools 2 of 2

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19 CURRICULUM FRAMEWORK SOCIAL STUDIES Psychology STATE STANDARDS Developmental Psychology 2 Weeks P.33 Explain the interaction of environmental and biological factors in development, including the role of the brain in all aspects of development. P.34 Explain issues of continuity/discontinuity and stability/change. P.35 Distinguish methods used to study development. P.36 Describe the role of sensitive and critical periods in development. P.37 Discuss issues related to the end of life. P.38 Discuss cognitive, moral and social development theories. P.39 Describe physical development from conception through birth and identify influences on prenatal development. P.40 Describe the reflexes, temperament, and abilities of newborns. P.41 Elaborate on physical and motor development during infancy. P.42 Describe the development of infant perceptual abilities, intelligence, memory, thinking ability, communication and language. P.43 Describe social, cultural, and emotional development through childhood. P.44 Identify major physical changes. P.45 Describe the development of reasoning and morality. P.46 Describe the formation of identity. P.47 Examine the role of family and peers in adolescent development. P.48 Identify major physical changes associated with adulthood and aging. P.49 Describe cognitive changes that occur in adulthood and throughout the aging process. P.50 Assess the social, cultural, and emotional issues in aging. BIG IDEAS Developmental psychology deals with three major issues. 1) How does our genetic inheritance interact with our experiences to influence development? 2) Continuity and stages of development 3) Which traits persist through life and how do we change as we age? Relevance: The nature vs. nurture debate is a consistent part of developmental study. Twin studies are a consistent part of measuring environmental and genetic differences because of the built in control factors for research purposes. Students should identify a positive and a negative example of how they have been affected by environment and genetics. TNSS: P.33, P.34, P.35 Prenatal development and the newborn are significant cornerstones of developmental Psychology. Relevance: Newborns exhibit characteristics of cognitive motor and emotional development. Numerous landmark studies have been made on the cognitive and motor development of infants and children. The methods by which children are nurtured affect development and life. TNSS: P. 36, P.38, P.39, P.41, P.42 Infancy and childhood mark significant developmental milestones. Relevance: Significant brain and motor skills develop during infancy and childhood. Significant parent infant attachments form during this stage as well. These attachments impact life long development. Nature and nurture are equally responsible for development and both matter significantly affecting everything from academic performance to relationship development. TNSS: P.43, P.44, P.45, P.46 Adolescence is marked by physical, emotional and relational changes. Relevance: Adolescence is a time marked by changes in connections with family, peers and roles. How have roles and relationships changed for students as they have moved into adolescence? TNSS: P.45, P.46, P.47 Shelby County Schools 1 of 2

20 CURRICULUM FRAMEWORK SOCIAL STUDIES Psychology Adulthood represents changes in health, cognitive and motor skills as well as relational changes. Relevance: Independence, life satisfaction, self confidence and death are significant issues for adults in the later stages of development. TNSS: P.48, P.49, P.50 GUIDING QUESTIONS 1. What is the course of prenatal development? 2. Describe some abilities of newborns and how researchers explore infant mental abilities. 3. How do the brain and motor skills develop during infancy and childhood? 4. Detail Piaget s theories on child development. 5. How do parent-infant attachments form? 6. How do children s self concepts develop? 7. What are the three parenting styles and how do children s traits relate to them? SUGGESTED ACTIVITIES 1. Piaget s conservation test for pre conservation children Have students answer a morality based question (e.g. would they lie for a friend) and then have students place the answers in the appropriate areas of Kohlberg s theory of moral development Have students list the behaviors of parents in each of the three parenting styles (authoritative, authoritarian, permissive). 4. Interview a friend or family member that may be experiencing signs of Alzheimer s or dementia RESOURCES 1. The Mind: Capabilities of the newborn 2. Discovering Psychology: The Developing Child 3. PsychSim 5: Conception to Birth 4. The Mind: The Effects of Aging and Memory ASSESSMENT 1. Terms quiz over relevant vocabulary 2. Chapter test 3. Essay writing assignment comparing and contrasting the cognitive and motor skills of children at different ages 4. Create an a chart comparing the developmental theories of Piaget, Erickson and Freud Shelby County Schools 2 of 2

21 CURRICULUM FRAMEWORK Social Studies Psychology STATE STANDARDS Sensation and Perception 1 Week P.23 Examine the processes of sensation and perception and elaborate on how they interact. P.24 Explain the concepts of threshold and adaptation. P.25 List forms of physical energy for which humans and nonhuman animals do and do not have sensory receptors. P.26 Describe the visual, sensory and auditory sensory systems. P.27 Describe other sensory systems, including olfaction and gustation, and identify skin senses, kinesthesis, and vestibular sense. P.28 Explain Gestalt s principles of perception. P.29 Describe binocular and monocular depth cues. P.30 Describe the importance of perceptual constancies. P.31 Describe perceptual illusions and the nature of attention. P.32 Explain how experiences and expectations influence perception. BIG IDEAS Sensation and perception are the processes by which our brains gather and interpret information. Our lives are filled with sensations that affect our perceptions and influence attention and cognition. Relevance: Sensation is the process of gathering information through our senses while perception is the process of the brain organizing the sensations into meaningful information. TNSS: P.23, P.24, P.25, P.28, P. 30, P. 31, P. 32 Visual information processing is the most sophisticated of the perceptual processes. Visual processing is the primary mode of information gathering for humans. Relevance: Understanding the anatomy of the eye is essential to understanding visual processing. Equally important are the processes of transduction whereby stimuli are turned into information that can be processed through the optic nerve and sent to the occipital lobe and visual association areas. TNSS: P. 25, P.26 Hearing, olfaction, taste and touch are important sensation gathering apparatus in the process of perception. Relevance: Auditory transduction and vestibular system processes are essential for hearing and balance. TNSS: P. 27 Perception involves several activities performed by the brain for the purpose of navigating our environments. These include the organizational properties of visual cues and perceptual constancies. Relevance: Perceptual skills affect our ability to gather information and operate in our environment. The more accurately we perceive the more effectively we interpret our environment. TNSS: P.28, P.29, P.30, P.31, P.32 GUIDING QUESTIONS 1. What are sensation and perception? 2. What are absolute and difference thresholds? 3. How does sensory adaptation work? 4. How do the eyes and brain process visual information? 5. Discuss the theories that help us understand how we see color vision. 6. What theories help us understand pitch perception? 7. Describe how we sense touch. 8. Explain how we experience taste and smell and how they interact. 9. Discuss body kinesthesis. 10. What is the gate control theory of pain? Shelby County Schools 1 of 2

22 CURRICULUM FRAMEWORK Social Studies Psychology SUGGESTED ACTIVITIES 1. Have students create optical illusions Distorted vision goggles as a class experiment. 3. Worksheets diagramming eye and ear anatomy 4. Graphic organizer detailing the five senses. RESOURCES 1. Discovering Psychology video series Sensation and Perception 2. The Brain video series Perception inverted vision 3. The Brain video series Restored Vision 4. Video Secrets of the Psychics 5. Video Biography of Helen Keller. ASSESSMENT 1. Terms quiz over relevant vocabulary 2. Chapter test 3. Essay writing assignment comparing and contrasting sensation and perception. 4. Create an informational pamphlet about a perceptual disability such as dyslexia, fine motor abilities, gross motor abilities, autism. 5. Write an essay on which is the most or least important sense. Which sense would you give up and how would it change your life? Shelby County Schools 2 of 2

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36 CURRICULUM FRAMEWORK SOCIAL STUDIES Psychology TN STATE STANDARDS States of Consciousness 2 weeks P.10 Identify the major divisions and subdivisions of the human nervous system. P.12 Differentiate between the structures and functions of the various parts of the central nervous system. P.16 Describe how hormones affect behavior and mental processes. P.33 Explain the interaction of environmental and biological factors in development, including the role of the brain in all aspects of development. P.71 Identify factors that influence encoding. BIG IDEAS Consciousness involves several levels of awareness. Relevance: Humans experience a variety of levels of consciousness during a 24 hour period. These levels range from sleep to semi conscious awareness to full and focused awareness. TNSS: P.16, P.33 Biological rhythms and sleep cycles affect consciousness. Inconsistency or interruptions in circadian rhythms can negatively affect life. Relevance: Circadian rhythms affect the daily ebb and flow of body chemicals and sleep cycles, in turn impacting levels of focus and conscious awareness. Disruption of the circadian cycles can negatively affect life. TNSS: P.12, P.33 Altered states of consciousness include drug tolerance, dependence and addiction. Relevance: Legal and illegal drug consumption is widespread in our culture. Abuse of prescription and non prescription drugs create altered States of consciousness that negatively impact the quality of life for the abusers and sometimes those around them. TNSS: P.10, P.16, P.33, P.71 GUIDING QUESTIONS 1. How much information do we consciously attend to at once? 2. How do biological rhythms influence us? 3. What the significant sleeping and dreaming stages? 4. What are the significant functions of sleep? 5. What is the function of dreaming? 6. What is hypnosis and is it an extension of an altered state of consciousness? 7. What are tolerance, dependence and addiction? 8. What are depressants and their effects? 9. What are stimulants and their effects? 10. What are hallucinogens and their effects? Shelby County Schools 1 of 2

37 CURRICULUM FRAMEWORK SOCIAL STUDIES Psychology SUGGESTED ACTIVITIES 1. Have students take an online sleep deprivation inventory. 2. Have students keep a night time dream journal for the duration of the unit on consciousness. 3. Have students research and report on one sleep disorder. 4. Organize a debate on the legalization of marijuana. RESOURCES 1. PsychSim 5: Your Mind On Drugs The Brain: Sleep And Circadian Rhythms 3. Discovering Psychology video series: The Mind Asleep And Awake 4. Discovering Psychology video series: The Mind Hidden And Divided ASSESSMENT 1. Chapter tests 2. Terms quizzes 3. Group project on signs of drug abuse. Charts, graphs and posters demonstrating the effects of various drugs. 4. Essay assignment describing the various levels of consciousness and how there are affected by drug use. Shelby County Schools 2 of 2

38 SLEEP LOG Date **Record the following information about your sleep habits. This information will be used to analyze your sleep patterns** Day of Time Time Falling Time Hours Estimated # Sleep Quality Things Affecting Sleep Week Getting in Asleep Waking Up of Sleep of Sleep (Good, Bad, OK) Quality Bed Cycles Total hours of sleep # of nights recorded Average hours of sleep

39 DEAR SLEEPY Instructions: Read all of the letters below. Using what you have learned about sleep, write your response, providing information and suggestions to help solve the individual s problem. Remember, the person has reached out for help. You want to provide an answer and specific details to make them feel comfortable and able to overcome their problem. Dear Sleepy, When I started smoking marijuana, I stopped remembering my dreams. Recently, I tried to quit smoking but I started having horrible dreams all night long. They drove me crazy so I just started smoking again to avoid the dreams. What is going on? Smoking marijuana is not bad for you is it? Yours truly, Mary Jane in Northampton Dear Sleepy, I am tired all of the time. I just can t fall asleep at night. After I turn the television off, I check Facebook and Twitter on my phone while texting my friends. I just don t seem to get tired. I m only sleeping 4-5 hours before it s time to get up for school. What should I do to get a better night s sleep? Sincerely, Yawning in Bath Dear Sleepy, Dear Sleepy, I can t get up for school on Monday morning. I have been late several weeks in a row. I am so tired and just can t get out of bed. The rest of the week it is easier to get up. I don t do anything most other teenagers don t do on a typical weekend but I feel so tired every Monday. Why is this happening to me? How can I get to school on time on Monday mornings. Sincerely, Sleepy on Monday in Moore Township I like to drink at parties on the weekend. I usually sleep really long afterward but every time I wake up, I m extremely tired. Why am I so tired even though I m sleeping so long? Isn t alcohol a depressant? Shouldn t it help me sleep better? How is the drinking impacting my sleep? Yours truly, Drunk in Walnutport

40 SLEEP IQ QUIZ 1. Sleep is a time when your body and brain shut down for rest and relaxation? a. True b. False 2. You can learn to function properly with one or two fewer hours of sleep a night than is recommended? a. True b. False 3. Boredom makes you feel sleepy even if you have had enough sleep? a. True b. False 4. Resting in bed with your eyes closed cannot satisfy your body s need for sleep? a. True b. False 5. Snoring is not harmful as long as it does not disturb others or wake you up. a. True b. False 6. Everyone dreams every night. a. True b. False 7. As an adult, the older you get the fewer hours of sleep you need. a. True b. False 8. Most people don t know when they are sleepy. a. True b. False 9. Drowsy driving is similar to drunk driving a. True b. False 10. Raising the volume of your radio or opening a window will help you stay awake while driving. a. True b. False 11. Sleep disorders are mainly due to worry or psychological problems. a. True b. False

41 12. The human body never shifts to night shift work. a. True b. False 13. Most sleep disorders go away, even without treatment. a. True b. False 14. More people doze off at the wheel of a car in the early morning or mid-afternoon than in the evening? a. True b. False 15. Most American adults get the recommended 8 hours of sleep per night. a. True b. False 16. Males snore more than females. a. True b. False 17. A sleep disorder has been offered as an explanation for alien abduction experiences. a. True b. False 18. It is dangerous to wake a sleepwalker. a. True b. False 19. Sleep deprivation is listed as a cause of death. a. True b. False 20. Drinking a glass of milk can help a person sleep. a. True b. False 21. Drinking coffee cures drowsiness. a. True b. False

42 DIRECTIONS: Use any resources available (Internet, notes) to create the ultimate guide to sleep by filling in the spaces below. THE ULTIMATE GUIDE TO SLEEP 7 THINGS YOU MUST KNOW ABOUT SLEEP 1. Sleep is vital for our health and well-being, and is just as important as diet and exercise. Sleep is a critical factor in your health, weight, and energy level TIPS TO HELP YOU GET A GOOD NIGHT SLEEP

43 5 THINGS YOU SHOULD AVOID BEFORE SLEEP THINGS THAT COULD HAPPEN IF YOU DON T GET ENOUGH SLEEP 1. Sleep deprivation can lead to serious health problems Some health conditions related to sleep loss = Heart disease, stroke, diabetes

44 CURRICULUM FRAMEWORK SOCIAL STUDIES Psychology STATE STANDARDS Abnormal Psychology 2 Weeks P.82 Define psychologically abnormal behavior. P.83 Describe historical and cross-cultural views of abnormality and major models of abnormality. P.84 Discuss how stigma relates to abnormal behavior. P.85 Discuss the impact of psychological disorders on the individual, family and society. BIG IDEAS Defining, classifying and identifying types of disorders. Relevance: Disorders need to be identified and classified in order to determine appropriate therapy measures. TNSS: P.82, P.83 Anxiety disorders are a distinguishable category of disorders. Relevance: Anxiety disorders are one of the most commonly diagnosed disorders and commonly treated through medication. TNSS: P.82, P.84 Mood disorders are characterized by emotional extremes. Relevance: Mood disorders may be stigmatized due to misunderstanding their causes and effects on the family. TNSS: P. 83, P.84, P.85 Schizophrenia is a group of disorders characterized by disorganized and delusional thinking. Relevance: Schizophrenia is a commonly misunderstood diagnosis and frequently confused with other disorders. TNSS: P.82, P.83, P. 85 Dissociative disorders and personality disorders form a category defined by detaching from reality and patterns of maladaptive behaviors. Relevance: Although possibly more difficult to assess and diagnose, dissociative and personality disorders are common in the general population. TNSS: P.84, P.85 GUIDING QUESTIONS 1. How should we draw the line between normality and disorder? 2. How are the medical model and biopsychological approach used to understand psychological disorders? 3. How are disorders classified? 4. What are the different anxiety disorders? 5. What are mood disorders? 6. What patterns of thinking and perceiving characterize schizophrenia? 7. Are there genetic influences on schizophrenia? 8. Describe dissociative disorders. 9. What are the three clusters of personality disorders? 10. How many people suffer or have suffered from a psychological disorder? Shelby County Schools 1 of 2

45 CURRICULUM FRAMEWORK SOCIAL STUDIES Psychology SUGGESTED ACTIVITIES 1. Effects of psychological labeling exercise. Have all students explain the behavior of a student volunteer imitating a disorder. Students will see the effects of mislabeling on an individual Have students take an on line phobia inventory Have students diagnose a star. They can select any famous person whom they believe has a clinical disorder and prepare a written or oral report. 4. Have students participate in an online ADHD screening test. RESOURCES 1. The Mind: Mood Disorders: Mania and Depression 2. The Brain: Schizophrenia: Symptoms and Etiology 3. The Penn State Worry Questionnaire 4. The Three Faces of Eve excellent movie portrayal of dissociative identity disorder. ASSESSMENT 1. Chapter test and terms quizzes. 2. Essay writing outlining the characteristics of the major disorders. 3. Graphic organizer showing the divisions of the DSM V Shelby County Schools 2 of 2

46 Name Date Period What is Abnormal? Directions: For each of the following scenarios, decide whether the behavior is normal or abnormal. Briefly explain your choice below your answer. A or N? Scenario 1. Henry, editor of a medium- sized city s only newspaper, does not believe that women are capable of serving on the editorial board. He has decided not to promote Karen, a well- qualified veteran of the staff, to the board. Explanation: 2. Terry has been having terrible nightmares at least three times a week from which he wakes up shaking and sweating. Explanation: 3. Vanda has visions and hallucinations that she often uses to guide her important decisions. Explanation: 4. Sandy has been plotting to assassinate the governor the next time he appears locally. Explanation: 5. Alana always covers her face when she goes out in public. Explanation:

47 6. Tanya hears voices speaking only to her whenever she turns on her television, but she is not upset about it. Explanation: 7. Sam is afraid of snakes Explanation: 8. Sally is vaguely dissatisfied that she is not living up to her potential. Explanation: 9. Even though public transportation is easily accessible, Tom drives to work during a summer ozone alert when the mayor has asked people to use their cars as little as possible. Explanation: 10. Mary continues to be very upset about her sister s death, even though the accident that killed her happened two years ago. She still wears dark mourning clothes and cries almost every day whenever she thinks of her sister. Explanation: 11. Harry is so fearful of crowds that he can no longer ride the bus to work. Explanation: 12. Luke often urinates on the street. Explanation:

48 CURRICULUM FRAMEWORK SOCIAL STUDIES Psychology STATE STANDARDS Social Psychology 2 Weeks P.51 Describe attributional explanations of behavior. P.52 Describe the relationship between attitudes (implicit and explicit) and behavior. P.53 Identify persuasive methods used to change attitudes. P.54 Describe the power of the situation. P.55 Describe the effects of others presence on individuals behavior. P.56 Describe how group dynamics influence behavior and how an individual influences group behavior. P.57 Elaborate on the nature and effects of stereotyping, prejudice, and discrimination. P.58 Describe the determinants of prosocial behavior. P.59 Discuss influences on aggression and conflict. P.60 Discuss factors that influence attraction and relationships. P.61 Define culture and diversity. P.62 Identify how cultures change over time and vary within and across nations. P.63 Analyze the relationship between culture and conceptions of self and identity. P.64 Interpret and explain the psychological research that examines race and ethnicity. P.65 Discuss psychological research that examines socioeconomic status. P.66 Discuss how privilege and social power structures relate to stereotypes, prejudice, and discrimination. P.67 Discuss psychological research examining gender similarities and differences and impacts of gender discrimination. P.68 Discuss the psychological research of gender and how the roles of women and men are perceived in society. P.69 Examine how perspectives affect stereotypes and treatment of minority and majority groups in society. P.70 Discuss psychological research examining differences in individual, cognitive and physical abilities. BIG IDEAS Social thinking is the result of attributions, attitudes and actions. Relevance: Attribution theory, attitudes and actions are the three main focuses of Psychology. They comprise the elements that govern Our behavior and the interpretation of the behavior of others. Social behaviors serve the purpose of allowing us to live in groups and in various group structures and activities. TNSS: P.51, P.52, P.53 Social influence is a significant factor in our daily lives and interactions. Relevance: Even though Psychology focuses on the individual we are still greatly impacted by our social groups. We exhibit large amounts of conformity and obedience to group standards, even at times when we disagree with those standards. TNSS: P.54, P.55, P.56, P.57, P.58 Social relations are an outgrowth of social interactions. Relevance: Social relations foster collective behaviors such as prejudice, aggression, conflict, attraction, altruism and peacemaking. These behaviors direct all of our interactions with others in every aspect of life. TNSS: P.59, P.60, P.61, P.62, P.63, P.64, P.65, P.66, P.67, P.68, P.69, P.70 Shelby County Schools 1 of 2

49 CURRICULUM FRAMEWORK SOCIAL STUDIES Psychology GUIDING QUESTIONS 1. What do social psychologists study? 2. How do conformity experiments demonstrate the power of social influence? 3. How is our behavior affected by the presence of others? 4. What are group polarization and groupthink? 5. What are the cognitive, and social roots of prejudice? 6. What is the psychological definition of aggression? 7. When are people most and least likely to help? SUGGESTED ACTIVITIES 1. Violating a social norm project: social space. Have students sit unusually close to someone and observe their reaction to the violation of social space. 2. PsychSim 5: Social Decision Making 3. Random Act of Kindness assignment: Have students perform a random act of kindness and write a brief paper describing the act and the recipient s reaction. 4. Have students watch the Movie Twelve Angry Men and label the different aspects of social psychology they observe between the characters. 5. Have students identify a common social norm they wish they could change. Students can create explanations for why it exists and the process required to bring about the desired change. RESOURCES 1. Discovering Psychology: The Power of the Situation video series 2. Discovering Psychology: Constructing Social Reality video series 3. The Brain: Episode 24: Violence and the Brain ASSESSMENT 1. Chapter test 2. Terms quizzes 3. Group project on the power and influence of social groups on personal psychology recreate the Asch experiment on conformity 4. Essay writing focusing on group dynamics and group influence. Shelby County Schools 2 of 2

50 CURRICULUM FRAMEWORK SOCIAL STUDIES Psychology Careers in Psychology 1 week TN STATE STANDARDS BIG IDEAS What is the difference between applied and research psychology? Relevance: students should know the difference in the different aspects of psychological careers What is the difference between a psychologist and a psychiatrist? Relevance: what degree is necessary for each discipline? What are the different categories and positions in psychology/psychiatry? Relevance: students should know what types of psychological positions are available Where or how do psychologists practice in society? Relevance: what are the job opportunities and areas of contribution for psychologists/psychiatrists. GUIDING QUESTIONS 1. What are the different careers available for a person interested in the psychological field? 2. What job opportunities are available in the field of psychology? 3. What type of degree is necessary to go into a field of psychology? 4. What are future job projections and incomes of psychologists/psychiatrists? 5. Where do psychologists work? SUGGESTED ACTIVITIES 1. Careers in Psychology worksheet *see appendix 14 RESOURCES ASSESSMENT Terms quiz over relevant vocabulary 2. Chapter Test 3. Research on a chosen career in psychology Shelby County Schools 1 of 1