Tyre- Pavement Contact Stresses
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1 SEMINARIO - TOPIC Tyre- Contact Stresses Prof Morris De Beer CSIR Built Environment Pretoria, South Africa ( Road s:, design performance
2 Layout of Presentation Background South African road situation ; Increase in inflation pressures over time; Research with Accelerated Testing (APT) Devices; R&D on tyre-pavement contact stresses, using Stress-In-Motion (SIM) technology; damage & Analyses in SA context; The way forward; Conclusions en Recommendations Road s:, design performance
3 STRESS-IN IN-MOTION (SIM) TECHNOLOGY Since the 1990s improvement necessary in tyrepavement interaction model; Uniform & Circular shape not representative - studying road surface failures with HVS; Stress-In-Motion (SIM) devices developed; New 3D shapes sizes of tyre-pavement contact stress regimes measured; Implementation in linear non-linear pavement models (new challenge); Road s:, design performance
4 Heavy Vehicle Simulator (HVS) testing since 1975 PRACTICAL SOLUTIONS NEEDED!! Road s:, design performance
5 Total - all Roads in SA ~ km Road s:, design performance
6 Thinly Surfaced ( 12 mm -50 mm) Flexible s - Road s:, design performance
7 s:, design performance Road
8 Typical Heavy Vehicles (HVs) Road s:, design performance
9 Fatigue Cracking aging Delamination.. EXAMPLES OF ROAD SURFACE FAILURES.. Road s:, design performance
10 Damage. Road Road s:, design performance
11 Tyre Types on Steering Axles - Recently: Road s:, design performance
12 Truck Tire Inflation Pressure in South Africa: ~ 20 % Increase in 20 Years Road s:, design performance
13 H:\CAPSA04\[Tyre Inflation Pressure Information-MORTON-MDB- N3 TCC - SELECTED HEAVY VEHICLE (HV) TRUCK TYRE PRESSURE DATA (26 Feb March 2003) LEFT-FRONT-(225 tyres) RIGHT-FRONT-(225 tyres) REST-LEFT-(845) REST-RIGHT-(845) Normalised Frequency Trailing Tyres: Ave: 800 kpa; ~116 PSI Steering Tyres : Ave: 900 kpa; ~130 PSI TYRE INFLATION PRESSURE (kpa) Road s:, design performance
14 Tyre Weight (Mass) Distribution H:\ICAP-2006 Summary N3 TCC-FINAL-4-B-ICAP-2006.xls TYRES-1-2 -Histogram-Paper (2) ALL TYRES MEASURED: n = (This Study) - N3 -TCC-2003 All Other Tyres Axle 1 Left Axle 1 Right All other Tyers: 1.9 Tonne Steering Tyres: 2.95 Tonne Number of Tyres Bin: Tyre Mass Weight [Tonne] Road s:, design performance
15 HVS Mk IV+ Test Tyres DUAL: 12R22.5 SINGLE: 315/80 R22.5 Road s:, design performance
16 425/65 R22.5 tyre in South Africa Road s:, design performance
17 Vehicle-Tyre Tyre- Interaction: Stress-In-Motion (SIM) Technology Road s:, design performance
18 Assumption of Tyre Loading - Modeling: Tyre Loading, P (kn) - Circular; - Variable load; - Variable pressure, but Uniform.. Uniform Contact Stress, q (kpa) Road s:, design performance
19 Stress In Motion (SIM) Technology The measurement of 3D tyre/pavement contact stresses from moving vehicles Road s:, design performance
20 Stress In Motion (SIM) SIM Mk II Device: CSIR : /80 HVS TYRE ON SIM Mk II SYSTEM Road s:, design performance
21 Dual Tyre: 3D-Contact Stresses (Pressure) 80 kn Single Axle (..ESAL) Stress Ratio: 10:3:1 Road s:, design performance
22 Sectometer S. Eckels, 1928 Road Truck Tyres. Modern Tyre science Road s:, design performance
23 Heavy Vehicle Simulator (HVS) - Since 1970s Road s:, design performance
24 Oct HVS SIM Tests Road s:, design performance
25 SINGLE SIM PAD FOR HVS TESTING Road s:, design performance
26 Stress In Motion (SIM) SIM Mk II: CSIR : /80 HVS TYRE ON SIM Mk II SYSTEM
27 425 /65 R22.5 HVS Tyre: Single pad SIM system (Use with HVS) Road s:, design performance
28 SAE sign convention:x-long,y-lateral & Z -Vertical loads/stresses Tyre Rotation +/-X +Z +X +/-Y Road s:, design performance
29 Tyre-Surface Interaction on textured surface - 3D Stress Regimes Road s:, design performance
30 Typical SIM Data Sets: Z, X, Y - Contact Variable loads: 315/80 R22.5 Tire Z: Vertical Stress Y: Lateral Stress X: Longitudinal Stress Road s:, design performance
31 STRESS-IN-MOTION TESTING USING THE HVS Road s:, design performance
32 (HVS) - DUAL TEST TYRES (12R22.5) Road s:, design performance
33 Stress-In-Motion (SIM) testing using the Heavy Vehicle Simulator (HVS)- Dual Load Configuration Twin (dual) SIM pads Road s:, design performance
34 s:, design performance Road
35 s:, design performance Road
36 s:, design performance Road
37 OVER-LOADING/UNDER INFLATION Road Tyre Edge Road s:, design performance
38 s:, design performance Road
39 s:, design performance Road
40 s:, design performance Road
41 TYRE FINGER PRINTING : VERTICAL STRESS PROFILES LOAD Road s:, design performance Lisboa, LNEC, 25 March INFLATION 2010 PRESSURE
42 Differential Tyre Pressure(12R22.5): 950/ kn; 40 kn; 70 kn 100 kn 16.6 kn 11.2 kn 22.1 kn 14.8 kn 40.9 kn 61.3 kn 27.1 kn 38.2 kn Road s:, design performance
43 SIM systems.. Road s:, design performance
44 Quad Stress-In-Motion (SIM) system: Road s:, design performance
45 QUAD SIM PAD TESTING AT WEIGH-BRIDGE SITE: N3 NORTH TRAFFIC CONTROL CENTRE (TCC) Road s:, design performance
46 STRESS-IN-MOTION TESTING ON N3 NORTH (HEIDELBERG): QUAD SIM SYSTEM IN OPERATION Road s:, design performance
47 STRESS-IN-MOTION TESTING ON N3 NORTH (HEIDELBERG) Road s:, design performance
48 Example SIM testing during 2003 Road s:, design performance
49 Example SIM testing during 2003 Road s:, design performance
50 LOAD COMPARISON FIELD WITH REAL TRUCKS N3 TCC Road s:, design performance
51 Measured Tyre Foot Prints :Two Axle Truck Vertical Contact Stress.. Road s:, design performance
52 4 Axle Truck. Road s:, design performance CSIR
53 Road s:, design performance
54 5 Axle Truck. Road s:, design performance CSIR
55 6 Axle Truck. Road s:, design performance CSIR
56 Road s:, design performance
57 Eight (8) Axle Truck Vertical Contact Stress - Foot Prints. Road s:, design performance
58 TYPICAL STEERING AXLE: VERTICAL STRESS Road s:, design performance
59 STEERING AXLE UNEQUAL LOADING. TEST 009: KTD 904 GP 13/10/2003: AXLE mm; Ton 266 mm; Ton Counts Across the SIM pads Road s:, design performance
60 TYRE BARELY IN CONTACT WITH SURFACE mm; Ton TEST /10/2003: DDT235N AXLE mm; Ton 202 mm; Ton 194 mm; Ton Counts Across the SIM pads Road s:, design performance
61 AXLE 2: MISSING TYRE.!! TEST 765: NKR /10/2003 AXLE mm; Ton 196 mm; Ton 195 mm; Ton Counts Across the SIM pads Road s:, design performance
62 AXLE 2- DRIVING AXLE Road s:, design performance
63 Tyres Damage Road s:, design performance
64 ERROR: ioerror OFFENDING COMMAND: image STACK:
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