Innovative design notes on de novo & RIO

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1 Innovative design notes on de novo & RIO Bram Bos, October 29 th, 2013

2 Themes 1. Our approach: RIO & animal husbandry 2. Distinction between de novo and step by step 3. Importance of co-design in RIO

3 Reflexive Interactive Design (RIO)

4 Regime Regime Niche Niche Niche Standard practice Standard practice Bos et al 2011

5 Reflexive Interactive Design (RIO) Reference: Bos, A.P. (Bram) et al Outlook on Agriculturea special IFSA issue.

6 RIO characteristics System analysis à system failures Identifying shared long term goals (on sustainability ) Focus on goals, requirements and functions Instead of solutions Collaborative design process (in several iterations) Participants grow towards realization Applied in almost every animal production category in the Netherlands

solutions Collaborative design process (in several iterations) Participants grow

7 Comfort Class / W lzwijn Caring for Hens / Houden van Hennen Cow Power Fattening pigs Laying hens Dairy Cows Animal (welfare) Animal (welfare) Farmer Citizen/consumer Animal (welfare) Environment Farmer Citizen/consumer

2003-2004 2007-2009 Animal (welfare) Animal (welfare) Farmer

8 Varkansen Broilers with Taste Well-Fair Eggs Pigs & sows Broilers Laying hens/ industrial Animal (welfare) Environment Farmer Citizen/consumer Animal (welfare) Animal (genotype) Environment Farmer Citizen/consumer Chain Animal (welfare) Animal (genotype) Environment Farmer Citizen/consumer Chain

Citizen/consumer Animal (welfare) Animal (genotype) Environment Farmer

9 Konijnen op Koers / Rabbits on course Rabbits Vooruit met de Geit / Ahead with the Goat Goats Animal (welfare) Environment Farmer Citizen/consumer Chain Animal (welfare) Environment Farmer Citizen/consumer Chain

10 Example: Roundel

11 Example: Kwatrijn!"#$%&&'%()*+,&-.*##%)'/0%('+#*&&'+1(2*+3'4(53',66&4 >!"#$%&'$"()*+,"-./,'#$0")',+-1*#,"(2#)-3-4$)',-+,"5)%&,*),#%&$'2%'66#-2"-)'252"786/9-8:'872#-;<=;

12 Example: Windstreek

13 De novo design & realization De novo implies Collaboration of enterprises (no fit with single business model) Considerable R&D funding Higher risks (farmers, SME s) Uncertain market Valley of Death Market has to be created; no market without product Netherlands: governmental instruments (SBIR) Niches, System Innovation, encompassing change Protected niche versus system innovative ambition.

Death Market has to be created; no market without product Netherlands: governmental instruments

14 Meynards distinction between de novo & step by step Rule based / innovative (Le Masson 2006) Step by step / de novo (Meynard & Casabianca 2011) Adaptation / System innovation (Bos et al 2011) Evolutionary / Revolutionary Distinction is almost never discrete: The level of a priori requirements of the design process The level of structural rearrangements allowed (system goals; functional rearrangement) The degree to which the innovative ambition extends beyond the system to be designed Dependent on system level and time scale.

The level of a priori requirements of the design process The level of structural rearrangements allowed (system goals; functional

15 Example: Kwatrijn & Freerange Barns (dairy) Kwatrijn Originates from RIO-project Cow Power Explicit system innovative ambition (Bos et al 2009) Radically new way of manure management (a.o.) A very long road to realization Free Range Barns Adaptation from practice in Israel & US No system innovative ambition Radically different approach to flooring/bedding Fast adoption Unexpected side effects: NH3, thermophilic bacteria

16 Cow Power à Kwatrijn Designs for System Innovation Cow Power Stepping stones towards sustainable livestock husbandry How animal welfare, the environment and economy may fortify each other in dairy husbandry Reflexive Co-design in Integrated systems Animal, environment, landscape, economics Further R&D in Kwatrijn (consortium of SME s)

fortify each other in dairy husbandry Reflexive Co-design in 2008-2009 Integrated

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20 Free Range Barn Moerdijk

21 Distinction de novo and step by step Kwatrijn Multiple goals: animal welfare & health + environment Radical / de novo at level of husbandry system Requires a lot of R&D Adaptive at the level of system goals: fits in current structure of dairy chain Side effects anticipated Freerange barn Single goal: animal welfare & health Radical at level of bedding / floor Requires experimentation in practice Adaptive at the level of system goals: fits in current structure of dairy chain Unexpected side effects

22 Importance of co-design in RIO Co-design: collective deliberation, analysis and design Not meant to make a project politically correct ( democratization ) but a prerequisite for successful realization Shared vision among the localized collective Share knowledge resources Integrate different values Individuals sustain the vision through years of development (Individual) farmers play a key role as practical integrators Knowledge brokers play a key role in connecting enterprise, policy, ngo s, knowledge institutes

23 3. Choosing between de novo and step by step Design objectives / goals De novo if: a lot of different goals have to be met, that seem contradictory in current systems Example: decrease environmental burden and increase animal welfare System analysis De novo is not (just) wild creativity Functional analysis of current systems: structural roots of seemingly conflicting goals Example: mixing faeces and urine in dairy systems Clear functional rearrangement(s) that make plausible that goals can be met simultaneously Example: keeping faeces and urine separate at the source Prerequisite for de novo co-design: sense of urgency

24 Conclusions De novo/step by step distinction helpful, but not clear cut De novo implies a lot of work and resources to actually make a difference in practice Hence, de novo requires thorough analysis of current systemic failures and a plausible vision on how to solve these on the levels of functions Co-design especially important in de novo design because of the diversity of stakeholders needed for actualization.

Summary report 768. Extended summary Report 768. High welfare, high containment

Summary report 768. Extended summary Report 768. High welfare, high containment Extended summary Report 768 High welfare, high containment Maart 2014 1 Colofon Uitgever Wageningen UR Livestock Research Postbus 65, 8200 AB Lelystad Telefoon 0320-238238 Fax 0320-238050 E-mail info.livestockresearch@wur.nl