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1 Europaisches Patentamt J European Patent Office Office europeen des brevets 00 Publication number: B1 EUROPEAN PATENT SPECIFICATION Date of publication of patent specification: < ) Int. Cl.5: H04N 7/167, H04N Application number: Date of filing: Satellite scrambling communication network using geographically separated uplinks. Priority: US Date of publication of application: Bulletin 86/30 Publication of the grant of the patent: Bulletin Designated Contracting States: BE DE FR GB LU SE References cited: EP-A WO-A-83/01881 GB-A BELL SYSTEM TECHNICAL JOURNAL, vol. 62, no. 10, Part I, December 1983, pages , Murray Hill, New Jersey, US; K.Y. ENG et al.: "Synchronization of noncolocated TV signals in a satellite timecompression multiplexing system" Proprietor: OAK INDUSTRIES INC West Bernardo Drive Rancho Bernardo California(US) Inventor: Hanas, Orest J. 915 E. Paddock Drive Palatine Illinois 60067(US) Inventor: Pennypacker, Frank C. 964 Camelot Drive Crystal Lake Illinois (US) Inventor: Radloff, Charles B Polvera Ave. San Diego California 92128(US) Inventor: Schulman, Richard D Gibraltar Ct. San Diego California 92128(US) Representative: Patentanwalte Griinecker, Kinkeldey, Stockmair & Partner Maximilianstrasse 58 W-8000 Munchen 22(DE) 03 CO 00 Q. LU IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BROADCASTING, vol. BC-28, no. 4, December 1982, pages , New York, US; S. UEDA et al.: "Switching control system for access to a broadcast satellite from multiple earth stations" Note: Within nine months from the publication of the mention of the grant of the European patent, any person may give notice to the European Patent Office of opposition to the European patent granted. Notice of opposition shall be filed in a written reasoned statement. It shall not be deemed to have been filed until the opposition fee has been paid (Art. 99(1) European patent convention). Rank Xerox (UK) Business Services

2 EP B1 Description The present invention relates to a satellite scrambling communication network using georgraphically separated uplinks to provide scrambled video and audio signals and descrambling control data to separate individual subscribers and to separate TV distribution systems. From EP-A a method for encrypting a line-scanned television signal and an encrypting and decrypting apparatus are known in which each line of the signal has a first period during which video information is present and a second period where no video information is present and in which said television signal is encrypted in accordance with an encryption key including line-storage by varying the durations of at least some of said second periods to both increase and decrease the same in accordance with said encryption key, the extent of variations in the durations of said second period being such that over a predetermined period of time the total of increases in said durations equals the total of decreases in said durations. This document shows control data in the form of an encryption key which is a part of a satellite transmission. Although an encryption key at the transmitter and a decryption key at the receiver are disclosed, it is not mentioned that such key is distributed by satellite, let alone by additional satellite uplinks. From WO-A a security system for SSTV encryption is known in which the distribution of a decryption key is made by satellite. From GB- A a conditional-access broadcast transmission system is known in which the receiver includes a descrambler circuit which is enabled by descrambler control signals received from a conditional-access sub-system. The descrambler control signals are derived from off-air control data signals by a decryption circuit responsive to a key. The key is formed in each receiver in a matrix by combining a personal identification number with a conditional-access sub-system code read from a respective store. The appropriate code is selected by further broadcast data. Alternatively, a pre-payment or direct debit accounting system can be used. It is the object of the present invention to provide a satellite scrambling communication network of the afore-mentioned type in which a business control center provides a master data stream which is used to control the descrambling of television signals at multiple individual subscribers and to control geographically separated satellite uplinks so that the uplinks may separately communicate their signals to affiliate cable systems and to the multiple individual subscribers. This object is attained by the features, of Claim 1. Preferred embodiments of the invention are made the subject-matter of the dependent claims. The invention makes it possible to transmit the master-data stream controlling both the individual 5 subscribers and the uplinks to the satellite by one uplink, which master-data stream is then transmitted by the satellite to all of the other uplinks, regardless of geographic location, with each of the uplinks adding its own supplementary data to con- w trol its own cable affiliates. Furthermore, one satellite uplink may transfer the master-data stream and individual geographically separated uplinks may provide supplementary data to control their own cable affiliates. 75 With the invention, it is possible that an entire network be controlled from one place and with geographically separated uplinks, each of which is adding supplementary television channels. This is different from the prior art in which use of a sat- 20 ellite for secure television comnunication is disclosed and in which transmitting the encryption key may be made via satellite or other means, e.g. by mail or by code cards purchased at respective retailers and adapted to be inserted in a decoder 25 and comprising the key for enabling the decoder to make the received TV signal readable. The invention will now be further explained with reference to the accompanying drawings Brief Description of the Drawings The invention is illustrated diagrammatically in the following drawings wherein: Figure 1 is a diagrammatic illustration of a satellite network of the type described, and Figure 2 is a time diagram illustrating the master and supplementary data streams used in the control of the communication network. Description of the Preferred Embodiment The present application relates to the distribu- 45 tion of premium television communications and specifically to a satellite communication network in which premium television programs, voice and data communications normally with the video signal scrambled and the audio and data encrypted, are 50 transmitted to multiple individual subscribers by a communication satellite and to cable television distribution systems which will then distribute such signals to subscribers over cable or microwave facilities. Although the following description will use 55 the phrase "television communications," this is meant to include broadly video, voice and data communications from many sourcces, and also to include addressable secure communication sys-

3 EP B1 terns. At the present time there is a vast number of cable systems throughout the United States which transmit over a variety of channels, such TV communications network programs, locally-originated programs and premium programs, such as movies or the like, which are supplied to the cable systems by commercial programmers. Each of the premium programmers rents or owns a transponder on one or more of the available communication satellites so that the one or more channels transmitted from the programmer by its uplink can then be received by one or more of the cable systems geographically separated around the country. In effect, each premium programmer has an uplink by which it communicates to a communication satellite so that its affiliate cable systems may receive the premium programming for distribution to cable customers. Although we use the term "cable," it should be understood that this also includes microwave and other types of distribution systems. The control of the television channels by the premium programmer is such that only those affiliate or cable systems associated with the programmer or those who pay to receive the service can receive and properly decode the scrambled signals. This system works satisfactorily, without any central control, but it does not provide any central supervision whereby individual subscribers may directly receive premium programming from a satellite and there are many individual subscribers who are in locations where there is no access to cable facilities or who may be unwilling to subscribe to a cable system and pay the consequent monthly rental fee when they are only interested in premium programming such as movies and special events. Accordingly, there is a very substantial market for direct communication of television communications to individual subscribers or individual network members. At the same time, there is a need for controlling and coordinating the distribution of signals by satellite to provide a more cost efficient communication network. The present invention provides a means whereby from a centrally located control center, a master data stream is provided to control the access of individual subscribers or subscriber groups or networks to all of the premium programming which may be available on any one or all of the uplinks geographically separated around the United States. The master data stream is also used to provide a means for control of the individual uplinks, each one under the control of a specific premium programmer so that the individual uplinks can provide restricted access to those cable systems which desire their service. In effect, the master data stream controls the individual subscribers, their addressing and encryption codes and thus decoding of premium program signals from all of the uplinks around the country. The master data stream also allocates channels for the programmer uplinks to prevent overlap and conflict between channels. The master data stream is supplemented by each pre- 5 mium programmer to an extent that permits such premium programmer to control its own cable system affiliates. Thus, one network combines a plurality of television communication channels, as many as 50 or more, from a variety of geographically 10 separated uplinks, each one separately controlled by a premium programmer, to enable a combination of this vast array of television communications to be available to individual subscribers around the country and to be independently and separately 75 available to various cable systems. In Figure 1, the business control center is indicated at 10 and includes a master control computer which will have address information, video scrambling codes and encryption data for each of 20 the home subscribers who are equipped to receive signals from the satellite diagrammatically illustrated at 12. The type of scrambling system may vary widely and one appropriate system for the scrambling of video and audio signals is that disclosed in 25 U. S. Patents 4,424,532, 4,353,088, 4,340,906, 4,336,553, 4,323,922 and 4,112,464. Other types of audio and video scrambling and encryption systems may also be used, but the above patents disclose a system now used by the assignee of the 30 present application. At the control center 10 master control computer 14 provides the master data stream which, as illustrated in Figure 2, will include the encryption keys and associated address information for all of 35 the home subscribers, and a tiering control or channel allocation for all of the geographically separated uplinks. The master data stream will be sent to a master encoder 16 which may be physically located at one of the geographically separated up- 40 links, in this case, an uplink designated uplink A. Uplink A will provide an input to the master encoder of one or more TV channels, as well as providing supplementary control data, which will enable the cable affiliates served by uplink A and 45 which subscribe to its premium programming, to receive and utilize the scrambled television communications broadcast by uplink A. Uplink A has an affiliate control computer 18 which provides the supplementary data to the master encoder where 50 the affiliate control data is combined with the master data stream and then transmitted by an antenna 20 at uplink A to communication satellite 12. As illustrated in the time diagram of Figure 2, the master data stream includes the common en- 55 cryption keys which will be sent directly to the individual home subscribers, tiering control or channel allocation signal, and subscriber control and address information. The tiering control or

4 EP B1 channel allocation signal will provide for each of the individual uplinks to add supplementary data for control of their individual affiliate cable systems. As illustrated in Figure 2, uplink A has a time slot A wherein its supplementary data may be added. What is transmitted from antenna 20 of uplink A is the master data stream, the supplementary data stream from uplink A and the TV channels normally broadcast from uplink A to the communication satellite. The master data stream includes address and decoding control information whereby each individual home subscriber or subscriber network receives what premium programming it desires to receive and is willing to pay for. This may include the TV communication channels broadcast by any one or all of the various uplinks and this distribution is controlled by the master data stream provided by the business control center, which master data stream is sent to the satellite by uplink A. An antenna 22, diagrammatic represents one subscriber's antenna and the antenna is connected to a receiver/decoder 24 which in turn is connected to the subscriber's television receiver 26. Thus, the receiver/decoder of each individual subscriber will be controlled by the master data stream so that a particular subscriber may descramble and decrypt those television channels which it has agreed to pay for. The information transmitted from antenna 20 of uplink A to the communication satellite is also received by the antennas of geographically separated additional uplinks, indicated at 28 and 30. Each of these antennas may represent an uplink which may be located in any part of the United States and which will use communication satellite 12 to broadcast television communications to affiliate cable systems. The uplink associated with antenna 28, designated uplink B, includes a repeaterdecoder 32, an affiliate control computer 34 and an encoder-repeater 36. The signal received by antenna 28 is that transmitted by uplink A antenna 20. The repeater-decoder 32 removes the TV signals from uplink A and passes the master data stream to encoder-repeater 36. The supplementary address and authorization data for uplink B is provided by affiliate control computer 34 to encoder 36. The TV channels allocated to uplink B and its supplementary data will be sent from encoderrepeater 36 to the antenna for broadcast to the satellite so that the premium channels of uplink B can be available to its affiliate cable systems and to those home subscribers who are willing to pay for it. Thus, the signal received from the satellite by those uplinks other than the uplink transmitting the master data stream use the received data stream to control channel allocation. Each uplink supplements the master data stream with the control signals necessary to control access of the cable systems which can receive and utilize the premium programming broadcast by a particular uplink. As shown in Figure 2, there is a time slot for the 5 supplementary data from each uplink. The supplementary data streams from each uplink may be as shown in Figure 2 and such may be transmitted in channel or out of channel. In the alternative, the master and supplementary data w streams may use designated lines in the vertical blanking interval or in the horizontal blanking interval. In one system lines 7 and 8 of the vertical blanking interval may be used by each uplink to communicate with its affiliates and lines 1-5 of the 75 vertical blanking interval may be used for the waste data stream to transmit address and decoding information to individual subscribers. In another alternative, the master and supplementary data streams may be carried by a subcarrier of either the video 20 or audio signal. There may be as many uplinks as there are available transponders on the satellite and these uplinks may be at any geographical location within the United States. The master data stream provides 25 the control for the individual subscribers and controls the channel allocation of the individual uplinks which themselves are controlled by particular premium programmers. Each of the uplinks adds its own supplementary data for use by its affiliate 30 cable systems so that only those television communications desired by a specific cable system will be received and utilized by it. A typical community cable system is indicated generally at 40 and includes an antenna 42 and a 35 plurality of receivers 44, one designated for each of the uplinks. With each receiver there is a decoder 46 which is to decode the signals from a particular uplink. Thus, a cable community affiliate may receive programs from all of the premium program- 40 ming uplinks or from as few such uplinks as it desires. What is received by each cable system 40 is controlled by the supplementary data added at each of the uplinks. 45 Claims 1. A satellite scrambling communications network so using geographically separated uplinks (A,B,C,D,E) to provide scrambled video and audio signals and descrambling control data to separated individual subscribers (26) and to separated TV signal distribution systems 55 (44,46), including: (a) a business control center (10) providing a master data stream including individual subscriber address and encryption data and

5 EP B1 uplink channel allocation control data for controlling individual subscriber reception and uplink channel allocation, and including means (14) for communicating said master data stream to a first satellite communication uplink (A), (b) the first satellite communication uplink (A) transmits one or more TV communication channels, as controlled by the allocation data in the master data stream, to a communication satellite (12), means (16,18) at said first uplink (A) for adding to the master data stream, supplementary address and encryption data, peculiar to those TV signal distribution systems (44,46) which will distribute to their subscribers the one or more TV communication channels from said first uplink (A), and means (20) at said first uplink (A) for transmitting the master data stream and supplementary first uplink data stream to the communication satellite (12), (c) a plurality of geographically separated additional satellite communication uplinks (B,C,D,E), each including means (28,30) for receiving the master data stream as transmitted from the first uplink (A) via the communication satellite (12), means (28,30) at each additional uplink (B-E) for transmitting one or more TV communication channels, as controlled by the allocation data in the master data stream, to the communication satellite (12), means (34,36) at each additional uplink (B-E) for adding to the master data stream, supplementary address and encryption data peculiar to those TV signal distribution systems (44,46) which will distribute to their subscribers the one or more TV communication channels from each additional uplink (B-E), and means (28,30) at each additional uplink (B-E) for transmitting the supplementary data peculiar thereto to the communication satellite (12), (d) multiple individual subscriber receiver decoders (24), each having antenna means (22) for receiving the TV communication channels as transmitted by the uplinks (A-E) via the communication satellite (12), each subscriber receiver decoder (24) being controlled by the master data stream, (e) a plurality of separated TV signal distribution systems (44,46), each with antenna means (42) for receiving the TV communication channels from one or more uplinks (A-E) via the communication satellite (12), each TV distribution system (44,46) being controlled by the supplementary data streams from said uplinks (A-E). 5 w 2. The communication network of claim 1 further characterized in that each of the supplementary data streams are time-separated in the master data stream. 3. The communication network of claim 1 further characterized in that the master data stream and the supplementary data stream are inserted into designated spaces in the video signal transmitted from said first uplink (A). 4. The communication network of claim 3 further characterized in that the master and supplementary data streams are inserted into the 75 vertical blanking interval of the video signal. 5. The communication network of claim 3 further characterized in that the master and supplementary data streams are inserted into the 20 horizontal blanking interval of the video signal. 6. The communication network of claim 3 further characterized in that the master and supplementary data streams are inserted on a sub- 25 carrier of the video signal. Revendications Reseau de communications de brouillage par satellite utilisant des liaisons montantes geographiquement separees (A, B, C, D, E) pour fournir des signaux video et audio brouilles et des donnees de commande de dechiffrage a 35 des abonnes (26), individuels et separes, et a des systemes de distribution de signaux TV separes (44, 46) comprenant : (a) Un centre de commande de gestion (10) foumissant un flux de donnees principales 40 comprenant des adresses d'abonnes individuels, des donnees de chiffrement, des donnees montantes de commande d'affectation de canaux de liaisons montantes pour commander la reception des abonnes indivi- 45 duels et I'affectation des canaux de liaisons montantes, et comprenant des moyens (14) pour communiquer ledit flux de donnees principales a une premiere liaison montante de communications par satellite (A). 50 (b) La premiere liaison montante de communications par satellite (A) transmet un ou plusieurs canaux de communications TV, selon les donnees d'affectation du flux de donnees principales, a un satellite de com- 55 munications (12), a des moyens (16, 18) au niveau de ladite premiere liaison montante (A) pour ajouter, un flux de donnees principales, des donnees d'adresses et de chif-

6 EP B1 10 frement supplementaires, propres a ces systemes de distribution de signaux TV (44, 46) qui distribueront a ieurs abonnes le ou les canaux de communications TV a partir de ladite premiere liaison montante (A), et a des moyens (20) au niveau de ladite premiere liaison montante (A) pour transmettre le flux de donnees principals et le flux de donnees supplementaires de la premiere liaison montante au satellite de communications (12). (c) Plusieurs liaisons montantes, geographiquement separees, de communications par satellite supplementaires (B, C, D, E), dont chacune comprend des moyens (28, 30) pour recevoir le flux de donnees principales tel qu'il est transmis a partir de la premiere liaison montante (A) via le satellite de communications (12), des moyens (28, 30) au niveau de chaque liaison montante supplementaire (B-E) pour transmettre selon les donnees d'affectation du flux de donnees permanentes un ou plusieurs canaux de communications TV au satellite de communications (12), des moyens (34, 36) au niveau de chaque liaison montante supplementaire (B-E) pour ajouter au flux de donnees principales, les donnees d'adresse et de chiffrement supplementaires propres a ces systemes de distribution de signaux TV (44, 46) qui distribueront a Ieurs abonnes un ou plusieurs canaux de communications TV a partir de chaque liaison montante supplementaire (B-E), et des moyens (28, 30) au niveau de chaque liaison montante supplementaire (B-E) pour transmettre les donnees supplementaires qui leur sont propres, au satellite de communications (12). (d) Des recepteurs decodeurs d'abonnes individuels multiples (24), chacun ayant un moyen d'antenne (22) pour recevoir les canaux de communications TV tels qu'ils sont transmis par les liaisons montantes (A-E) via le satellite de communications (12), chaque recepteur decodeur d'abonne (24) etant commande par le flux de donnees permanentes. (e) Plusieurs systemes de distribution de signaux TV separes (44, 46), avec chacun des moyens d'antenne (42) pour recevoir les canaux de communications TV a partir d'une ou plusieurs liaisons montantes (A-E) via le satellite de communications (12), chaque systeme de distribution TV (44, 46) etant commande par les flux de donnees supplementaires a partir desdites liaisons montantes (A-E). 2. Reseau de communications selon la revendication 1, caracterise en outre en ce que chacun des flux de donnees supplementaires est separe dans le temps dans le flux de donnees 5 principales Reseau de communications selon la revendication 1, caracterise en outre en ce que le flux de donnees principales et le flux de donnees supplementaires sont inseres dans des espaces designes dans le signal video transmis a partir de ladite premiere liaison montante (A). 4. Reseau de communications selon la revendication 3, caracterise en outre en ce que les flux de donnees supplementaires et principales sont inseres dans I'intervalle de suppression verticale du signal video Reseau de communications selon la revendication 3, caracterise en outre en ce que les flux de donnees principales et supplementaires sont inseres dans I'intervalle de suppression horizontal du signal video Reseau de communications selon la revendication 3, caracterise en outre en ce que les flux de donnees principales et supplementaires sont inseres sur une sous-porteuse du signal 30 video. Anspruche Verschliisseltes Satelliten-Femmeldenetz, das geographisch verteilte Aufwartsverbindungen (A, B, C, D, E) verwendet, urn verschlusseite Video- und Audiosignale und Entschliisselsteuerdaten zu verteilten Einzelteilnehmem (26) 40 und verteilten Femsehsionalverteilungssystemen (44, 46) zu lief em, enthaltend: (a) ein Verwaltungssteuerzentrum (10), das einen Hauptdatenstrom liefert, der Einzelteilnehmeradressen und Verschlusselungsda- 45 ten und Aufwartsverbindungs-Kanalzuordnungssteuerdaten zum Steuem des Einzelteilnehmerempfangs und der Aufwartsverbindungs-Kanalzuordnung ent- so halt, und das eine Einrichtung (14) aufweist, um den Hauptdatenstrom zu einer ersten Satellitenubertragungs-Aufwartsverbindung (A) zu ubermitteln, (b) die erste Satelliteniibertragungs-Aufwartsverbindung (A) sendet einen Oder 55 mehrere Femsehtibertragungskanale, gesteuert durch die Zuordnungsdaten in dem Hauptdatenstrom, zu einem Nachrichtensatelliten (12), in der ersten Aufwartsverbin-

7 11 EP B1 12 dung (A) ist eine Einrichtung (16, 18) vorhanden, um zu dem Hauptdatenstrom zusatzliche Adress- und VerschlUsselungsdaten zu addieren, die fur solche Femsehsignalverteilungssysteme (44, 46) spezifisch sind, die an ihre Teilnehmer das eine oder die mehreren FemsehUbertragungskanale von der ersten Aufwartsverbindung (A) verteilen, und an der ersten Aufwartsverbindung (A) ist eine Einrichtung (20) vorhanden, die den Hauptdatenstrom und einen zusatzlichen ersten Aufwartsverbindungsdatenstrom zu dem Nachrichtensatelliten (12) aussendet, (c) mehrere geographisch verteilte zusatzliche Sate- Ilitenubertragungsaufwartsverbindungen (B, C, D, E), die jeweils Einrichtungen (28, 30) zum Empfangen des Hauptdatenstroms enthalten, der von der ersten Aufwartsverbindung (A) liber den Nachrichtensatelliten (12) ubertragen wird, an jeder zusatzlichen Aufwartsverbindung (B - E) sind Einrichtungen (28, 30) vorhanden, um einen oder mehrere Femsehubertragungskanale, gesteuert durch die Zuordnungsdaten in dem Hauptdatenstrom, zu dem Nachrichtensatelliten (12) auszusenden, bei jeder zusatzlichen Aufwartsverbindung (B - E) sind Einrichtungen (34, 36) vorhanden, um zu dem Hauptdatenstrom zusatzliche Adress- und Verschlusselungsdaten zu addieren, die fur solche Femsehsignalverteilungssysteme (44, 46) spezifisch sind, die an ihre Teilnehmer das eine oder die mehreren Nachrichtenubertragungskanale von jeder zusatzlichen Aufwartsverbindung (B - E) verteilen, und Einrichtungen (28, 30) an jeder zusatzlichen Aufwartsverbindung (B - E) zum Aussenden der zusatzlichen, fur sie spezifischen Daten zu dem Nachrichtensatelliten, (d) Einzelteilnehmerempfangef-Mehrfachdecodierer (24), die jeweils Antenneneinrichtungen (22) zum Empfangen der Femsehubertragungskanale aufweisen, wie sie von den Aufwartsverbindungen (A - E) uber den Nachrichtensatelliten (12) ubertragen werden, wobei jeder Teilnehmer-Empfangerdecodierer (24) durch den Hauptdatenstrom gesteuert wird, (e) mehrere getrennte Femsehsignalverteilungssysteme (44, 46), die jeweils mit Antenneneinrichtungen (42) zum Empfangen der Femsehubertragungskanale von einen oder mehreren Aufwartsverbindungen (A - E) uber den Nachrichtensatelliten (12) versehen sind, wobei jedes Femsehverteilungssystem (44, 46) durch die zusatzlichen Da tenstrome von den Aufwartsverbindungen (A - E) gesteuert wird. 2. Fernmeldenetz nach Anspruch 1, weiterhin dadurch gekennzeichnet, dac alle zusatzlichen Datenstrome im Hauptdatenstrom zeitlich getrennt sind Femmeldenetz nach Anspruch 1, weiterhin dadurch gekennzeichnet, da/3 der Hauptdatenstrom und die zusatzlichen Datenstrome in angegebene Zwischenraume im Videosignal eingesetzt sind, das von der ersten Aufwartsverbindung (A) ausgesendet wird. Fernmeldenetz nach Anspruch 3, weiterhin dadurch gekennzeichnet, dafi die Haupt- und zusatzlichen Datenstrome in das Vertikalaustastintervall des Videosignals eingefcigt sind. Fernmeldenetz nach Anspruch 3, weiterhin dadurch gekennzeichnet, dafl die Haupt- und zusatzlichen Datenstrome in das Horizontalaustastintervall des Videosignals eingefugt sind. Fernmeldenetz nach Anspruch 3, weiterhin dadurch gekennzeichnet, da/3 die Haupt- und zusatzlichen Datenstrome auf einem Untertrager des Videosignals enthalten sind.

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