Japan s BMD System. No. 31 AUG. 2012

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1 No. 31 AUG Commemoration of 700th flight mission Japan s BMD System Japan Philippines Ministerial Meeting Parliamentary Senior Vice-Minister of Defense, Shu Watanabe, Visited the Philippines Deployment Air force for counter Piracy Enforcement [Completion of 700 Flight Missions] Measures against piracy off the coast of Somalia and in the Gulf of Aden Participation in PSI Air Interdiction Exercise Pacific Shield 12 Introduction to historical building Headquarters of MSDF Kure District (former Kure Naval Building) Introduction to Equipment Amphibious search and rescue plane US-2

2 TOPICS MEETING WITH FOREIGN LEADERS Japan Philippines Ministerial Meeting Crew and engineers celebrating the completion of the 700th flight mission Welcome ceremony for Defense Secretary Gazmin On July 2, Defense Minister, Satoshi Morimoto, signed statement of intent to promote defense cooperation and exchanges between Japan and the Philippines with Defense Secretary Gazmin. At the same time, the two ministers exchanged views on defense cooperation and exchange between both countries. At the beginning, Defense Minister Morimoto gave a warm welcome to Defense Secretary Gazmin on his visit to Japan, as it was the first time in 11 years that Japan had hosted the Defense Secretary of the Philippines. He also expressed his gratitude to the Philippines for their assistance toward Japan during the Great East Japan Earthquake. Defense Secretary Gazmin said that he hoped that his visit to Japan would contribute to further advancements in defense exchanges between the two countries. Parliamentary Senior Vice-Minister of Defense, Shu Watanabe, Visited the Philippines Parliamentary Senior Vice-Minister of Defense, Shu Watanabe, visited the Philippines from June 23 to 25 and met with the Secretary of National Defense for the Philippines, Voltaire T, Gazmin. During the visit, Senior Vice-Minister Watanabe also inspected the Pacific Partnership 2012, in which the SDF participated. On June 23, Senior Vice-Minister Watanabe visited the Department of National Defense of the Philippines and met with Defense Secretary Gazmin. They concurred on the importance of sharing knowledge and strengthening coopera- Senior Vice-Minister of Defense Watanabe with Defense Secretary Gazmin 2 tion between the SDF and the Philippine Forces in the fields of humanitarian aid and disaster relief, through activities conducted under the Pacific Partnership Furthermore, they agreed on the need to further promote defense cooperation and exchange between Japan and the Philippines for peace and stability in the Asia Pacific region. On June 24, Senior Vice-Minister Watanabe visited the Pacific Partnership He observed medical activities conducted by the SDF medical team, the U.S. Forces medical team, civilian organizations, and other groups at Malaga Elementary School on Samar Island, which is one of the bases for medical activities in the Philippines. He also exchanged views with the personnel involved. Senior Vice-Minister Watanabe also visited the MSDF transport vessel Ohsumi and the U.S. Navy hospital ship Mercy, and met with the Senior Vice-Minister of Defense Watanabe personnel involved. inspecting the medical activity base Deployment Air force for counter Piracy Enforcement [Completion of 700 Flight Missions] On June 18, Deployment Air force for counter Piracy Enforcement completed its 700th flight mission from the deployment of the 1st unit. The Commander of Deployment Air force for counter Piracy Enforcement commented, we will achieve 800 flight missions by carrying out our daily missions steadily. We will be glad if you give us, further support for the missions. The pilot who carried out the 700th flight mission also commented, We have completed the 700th flight mission successfully with guidance that we have received from our predecessors, and with the support of many people. We will continue to brace ourselves for the challenge of future missions. Measures against piracy off the coast of Somalia and in the Gulf of Aden Aerial activities of Japanese P-3C patrol aircraft off the coast of Somalia and in the Gulf of Aden Record of Mission (April-June 2012) 1. Number of flights: 54 flights (Accumulated total: 707 flights) 2. Flight hours: Approximately 420 hours (Accumulated total: Approximately 5,470 hours) 3. Number of visually confirmed commercial ships: Approximately 4,480 ships (Accumulated total: 54,460 ships) 4. Number of times information was provided to Japanese destroyers, foreign warships, and/or commercial ships: Approximately 460 times (Accumulated total: Approximately 6,340 times) Escort operations performed by Japanese MSDF units in the same area Record of Mission (April-June 2012) 1. Number of escort operations: 25 times (The 344th the 368th escort operation)(the 303rd 327th escort operation under Japan s Anti-Piracy Measures Law) 2. Number of escorted vessels: 114 vessels (Accumulated total of 2,581 escorted vessels since the start of operations under Japan s Anti-Piracy Measures Law; hereinafter the same) [Breakdown] Japanese-registered ships: 1 (Accumulated total: 15) Foreign ships operated by Japanese shipping companies: 12 (Accumulated total: 514) (Out of the 12 foreign ships, a Japanese citizen was on board 1 ships [Out of the 514 foreign ships, a Japanese citizen was on board 30 ships]) Foreign ships other than above: 101 (Accumulated total: 2,052) (Out of the 101 foreign ships, a Japanese citizen was on board 2 ships [Out of the 2,052 foreign ships, a Japanese citizen was on board 11 ships]) *The above record does not include the 1st 41st escort operation performed as Maritime Security Activities. 3

3 ACT I V I T I E S A CTI V I TI E S Participation in PSI Air Interdiction Exercise Pacific Shield 12 Along with terrorism, the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction (WMDs) and their related components such as parts and raw materials has been a matter of concern in the international community. It has been feared that countries and organizations which had not been able to possess weapons of mass destruction may do so through the transfer of relevant technology and so on. PSI is an endeavor to consider and implement measures which participating countries are able to take together such as control of transportation and transfer of alleged materials in order to prevent the proliferation of WMDs and their related components such as parts and raw materials in accordance with existing domestic and international laws. Each country had previously taken measures such as domestic control and export control within its own territory; however, PSI requests each participating country to prevent the proliferation of WMDs not only within its territory, but also in the areas beyond its territory in cooperation with other participating countries. PSI is based on the concept that although what each country can do unilaterally is limited, global efforts could enhance the effect of the prevention of the proliferation of WMDs. As of July 2012, the PSI has developed into an international endeavor endorsed by 100 countries including Japan. In order to improve the capabilities to prevent the proliferation of WMDs and others, efforts including various interdiction exercises in worldwide areas and meetings to discuss political and legal challenges have been underway. The MOD and the SDF regard the engagement in the PSI as necessary to make efficient use of the capabilities of the SDF while working in harmony with the relevant organizations and countries. For this purpose, the MOD has dispatched defense officials including uniformed SDF personnel to various meetings since the participation in the third Paris plenary meeting in 2003, as well as observers to the PSI interdiction exercises overseas in order to collect necessary information. The participation in such exercises by the SDF has continued since Up to the present, the MOD and the SDF have twice held a Japan-hosted PSI Maritime Interdiction Exercise and once PSI Air Interdiction Exercise (details are described later) together with the relevant ministries and agencies such as the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the National Police Agency, the Ministry of Finance and the Japan Coast Guard. Air Interdiction Exercise Pacific Shield 12 Exercises Sapporo City 1 Maritime Interdiction Exercise Team Samurai 04 Hokkaido Date : October 25-27, 2004 Location : Off Sagami Bay and Yokosuka Port Participating countries : 21 2 Maritime Interdiction Exercise Pacific Shield 07 Date : October 13-15, 2007 Location : Waters east off Izuoshima Island, Yokosuka Port and Yokohama Port Participating countries : 40 Chitose Airbase PSI air interdiction training New Chitose Airport 3 Air Interdiction Exercise Pacific Shield 12 Date : July 3-5, 2012 Location : New Chitose Airport and Chitose Airbase and Sapporo City Participating countries : 20 Location Participation by MOD and SDF October 2009 PSI Maritime Interdiction Exercise hosted by Singapore Singapore One destroyer and two patrol aircraft (P-3C) participated September 2010 PSI Air Interdiction Exercise hosted by Australia Australia Observers dispatched October 2010 PSI Maritime Interdiction Exercise hosted by ROK ROK Two destroyers participated July 2012 PSI Air Interdiction Exercise hosted by Japan New Chitose Airport, Chitose Airbase and Sapporo City in Japan Multi-purpose support aircraft (U-4) etc. participated Scene of Japan-hosted PSI Maritime Interdiction Exercise in October participated in the event. This was the first-ever air interdiction exercise hosted by Japan, and the purpose of this exercise is to train with regard to procedures to respond to the aircraft which allegedly have materials that may lead to the development of WMDs onboard. From the MOD, units from the ASDF Air Defense Command and the GSDF Northern Army among others participated in this exercise, and Parliamentary Senior Vice-Minister of Defense, Shu Watanabe inspected it in the field. PSI Activities Hosted by Japan Record of Participation in PSI Interdiction Exercises by the MOD and the SDF (FY2009 and beyond) Date Considering the cases of the proliferation of WMDs and others in the areas surrounding Japan, the MOD considers it necessary to regard the PSI as a security challenge and to commit itself in the prevention of WMDs in peacetime. Given this situation, the MOD is continuously participating in and/or hosting various exercises and meetings from the viewpoint of enhancing the response capabilities of the SDF, and working toward strengthening the nonproliferation schemes including the PSI. From July 3 to July 5, 2012, a Japan-hosted PSI air interdiction exercise Pacific Shield 12 was held, and 20 countries, such as Australia, Korea and Singapore, GSDF personnel decontaminating the vicinity of the suspected aircraft Senior Vice-Minister of Defense Watanabe inspecting the PSI air interdiction training Introduction to historical building Headquarters of MSDF Kure District (former Kure Naval Building) There is a granite driveway in the center of the front of the building. The back of the second-floor balcony is decorated with a classical pediment of the Naval seal, featuring an Ionian-order pillar, anchor, and cherry blossoms. The carvings on the freeze (small wall) of the masonry section in the front depict various arrangements of cherry blossoms. A large window made of stone, with large, semicircular arches, can be found at the back of the pediment. This building is characterized by its brick design. For every four layers of bricks laid on the first floor, approximately half of the fifth layer reaches deep into the back in a deep tiling style. The stone pillars in the driveway porch match the brick layering style, and are also fashioned in the deep tiling style. The bricks on the second floor are laid out in a flat manner such that the surface of the wall exudes a calm atmosphere. The windows for both the first and second floors are also designed to create different expressions. The building is currently used as the Headquarter of the MSDF Kure District. 5

4 S P E C I A L F E AT U R E S P E C I A L F E AT U R E Japan s BMD System Q2. What is the current status of the BMD system development? Q1. What is Ballistic Missile Defense (BMD) system in Japan? A1. In the areas surrounding Japan, China and Russia deploy a great number of ballistic missiles which can deliver nuclear weapons. Ballistic missile test launches by North Korea have made the threat of ballistic missiles a reality. In order to ensure readiness in response to armed attacks by ballistic missiles and other objects, Japan started developing the BMD system in Upper-tier (exoatmospheric) interception by Aegis BMD system Detection and tracking by various sensors (ground-based radars, Aegis destroyers) Boost phase: The rocket engine is burning and accelerating the missile just after the launch Lower-tier interception (after atmospheric reentry) by Patriot PAC-3 Terminal phase: From atmospheric reentry to the impact JASDF air missile defense units Ballistic missile JASDF air warning and control unit Ground-based radar - FPS-3(upgraded) - FPS-5 Patriot PAC-3 (improvements to existing systems + acquisition of missiles) Protected area by Aegis BMD Protected area JMSDF component unit JASDF Aegis destroyers (improvement to existing systems + acquisition of missiles) BMD Joint Task Force Commander As depicted in the figure, Japan s BMD system consists of: 1) Aegis destroyers to intercept ballistic missiles at the mid-course phase, 2) Patriot PAC-3 to intercept ballistic missiles at the terminal phase 3) Sensor system to detect and track ballistic missiles; and 4) Command and control, battle management, and communications system to systematically counter ballistic missiles by effectively coordinating the weapon systems and the sensor systems. C2, battle management and communications systems such as JADGE (Japan Aerospace Defense Ground Environment) system A3. Concerning Aegis Destroyers, in addition to the existing four Kongo class Aegis Destroyers, two Atago class Aegis Destroyers are to be equipped with BMD capabilities. Regarding the Patriot PAC-3, one more fire unit of the 5th air defense missile group (Okinawa) will be upgraded into a PAC-3 capable unit. In parallel with the realignment of the existing PAC-3 units, every air defense missile group will Destroyers equipped with Aegis system Expansion of Defended Areas through Future Improvement in Capabilities of BMD Missiles (Image) Kongo class 4 ships Protection by current Interceptor missiles Ballistic missile is a missile propelled by a rocket engine that flies in a parabolic arc and falls nearly vertically at high speed from a high altitude to reach its target. The ballistic missile can deliver heavy payloads and is used as a delivery vehicle of weapons of mass destruction such as nuclear, biological, and chemical weapons. Ballistic missiles are categorized into three types in terms of range: intercontinental ballistic missiles, medium-range ballistic missiles, and short-range ballistic missiles. The range varies from as short as several tens of kilometers to as long as over 10,000 kilometers. (Note: Distance between Tokyo and the Korean peninsula is approx. 900km; between Tokyo and Hawaii is approx. 6,400km.) Ballistic missiles can be also categorized into liquid propellant type and solid propellant type in terms of fuel. Generally, liquid propellant missiles require fuel to be injected taking an extended period of time prior to the launch. On the other hand, solid propellant missiles are characterized by a capability to be launched immediately because the propellant is pre-loaded. Characteristics of Ballistic Missiles Range Time Re-entry Speed Short-range Ballistic Missile Approx. 1,000 km and less Approx min. 1 3 km/second (Approx. Mach 3-9) Medium-range Ballistic Missile Approx. 1,000-5,500 km Approx min. 3 7 km/second (Approx. Mach 9-21) Intercontinental Ballistic Missile Approx. 5,500 km- Approx min. 7 8 km/second (Approx. Mach 21-24) * 1 Medium-range Ballistic Missile can be categorized into intermediate class. 2 (Ref.) The maximum speed of F-15 is Approx. Mach 2.5(Approx.0.85km/second). Challenges to Interception of Ballistic Missiles High speed have BMD capable PAC-3 fire unit. Moreover, the MOD will continuously promote the Japan U.S. cooperative development of the advanced ballistic missile interceptor (SM-3 Block IIA) in order to respond to future threats and enhance the capabilities of future interceptor missiles. Future BMD System Improvements *What is Ballistic missile? Type Missile Group (Iruma), the 2nd Air Defense Missile Group (Kasuga), the 4th Air Defense Missile Group (Gifu), the Air Defense Missile Training Group and the 2nd Technical School (Hamamatsu) into PAC-3 capable units. Q3. What is the future development plan of BMD system? BMD Architecture and Concept of Operations (Image) Mid-course phase: The rocket engine has completed burning and the missile is flying in space (exoatmosphere) with inertia A2. By the end of fiscal year 2010, the Aegis destroyers of the MSDF, Kongo, Chokai, Myoko, and Kirishima, completed equipment with BMD capabilities. Regarding the Patriot PAC-3, the ASDF successfully modified a total of 16 fire units of the 1st Air Defense Atago class 2 ships Strengthening of structure to deal with ballistic missiles by newly incorporating BMD capability to 2 Atago class Aegis ships in addition to the current 4 Kongo class Aegis ships. Patriot surface-to-air guided missile (PAC-3) Deploy PAC-3 to all the SAM groups by upgrading 1FU of the 5th SAM group in Okinawa to PAC-3 and relocating Relocation of PAC-3 units already deployed PAC-3 units. Time available to detect and intercept missiles is very short High Altitude Advanced technology required capable of guiding interceptors accurately at extremely high altitudes Small target Need improved radar capability to detect and track small, high speed target missiles plus capability to destroy them by a hit-to-kill Chitose Misawa SM-3 missile launched from an Aegis Destroyer Aegis Destroyer Atago Advanced Ballistic Missile Interceptor (Japan U.S. Cooperative Development) Guidance Section Kinetic Warhead Ejector 3rd Stage Rocket Motor Kinetic Warhead Iruma Intercept speeds far exceed hitting a bullet with another bullet Short Response time Protection by advanced interceptor missiles Gifu Nosecone Divert and Attitude Control System Guidance Unit Infrared Seeker Kasuga Booster (MK72 [improved]) Steering Control Section 2nd Stage Rocket Motor Upper Staging Assembly UPGRADE Requires High Performance Intercept System 6 Naha 1FU of 5th ADM Grp to PAC-3 (JFY budget) Launch of PAC-3 missile Continuously promote the Japan-U.S. cooperative development of advanced ballistic missile interceptor (SM-3 Block IIA) in order to respond to future threats. 7

5 COLUMN Introduction to Equipment Amphibious search and rescue plane The US-2 is an amphibious search and rescue plane operated by the MSDF. The amphibious plane is an aircraft that is characterized by its ability to function as both a plane and a ship. It can land on rough seas with waves as high as 3 meters, and has excellent short-distance takeoff and landing ability on water. It also has outstanding short-distance takeoff and landing ability on land. The US-2 is a successor plane for the US-1A amphibious search and rescue plane. Remodeling and development of US-1A as a domestically produced aircraft began in 1996, and its first mass-produced plane was acquired at the end of Although it bears a striking resemblance to US-1A in appearance, its engine has a higher output than that of US-1A, and the aircraft has been retrofitted with six blades for the propeller over the previous three blades. Consequently, the US-2 has a significantly larger thrust, as well as enhanced takeoff and landing ability on water, longdistance cruise performance, and speed performance. The flight control system has been converted into a fly-by-wire system with enhanced stability and maneuverability. In addition, by pressurizing the upper hull, the US-2 has been enabled to take high-altitude flights. The US-2 is under consideration for civilian use through manufacturing corporations. The Ministry of Defense is providing its full assistance toward the realization of civilian use in view of the possible contributions to the maintenance, development, and enhancement of defense production and technological bases. Specifications Capacity Maximum speed Total width Total length Total height Gross weight Engines Distance for takeoff from water Distance for landing on water Possible wave height for landing on water 11 people 300 knots Approx. 33.2m Approx. 33.3m Approx. 10.1m Approx. 47.7tons AE2100J, approx. 4,600 horsepower x 4 Approx. 280m Approx. 310m Approx. 3m Visit the Japan Defense Focus website for photo and movie galleries that cannot be found in this pamphlet. Also, on the website you can download an original calender by filling out a short questionnaire. Please visit our website at : For inquiry, contact following office: Public Affairs Division, Ministry of Defense, Japan TEL: (switch board) Web: 8