Network+ Guide to Networks 6 th Edition. Chapter 7 Wide Area Networks
|
|
|
- Johnathan Morris
- 8 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Network+ Guide to Networks 6 th Edition Chapter 7 Wide Area Networks
2 Objectives Identify a variety of uses for WANs Explain different WAN topologies, including their advantages and disadvantages Compare the characteristics of WAN technologies, including their switching type, throughput, media, security, and reliability Describe several WAN transmission and connection methods, including PSTN, ISDN, T-carriers, DSL, broadband cable, broadband over powerline, ATM, and SONET Network+ Guide to Networks, 6 th Edition 2
3 WAN Essentials WAN Network traversing some distance, connecting LANs Transmission methods depend on business needs WAN and LAN common properties Client-host resource sharing Layer 3 and higher protocols Packet-switched digitized data Network+ Guide to Networks, 6 th Edition 3
4 WAN Essentials (cont d.) WAN and LAN differences Layers 1 and 2 access methods, topologies, media LAN wiring: privately owned WAN wiring: public through NSPs (network service providers) Examples: AT&T, Verizon, Sprint WAN site Individual geographic locations connected by WAN WAN link WAN site to WAN site connection Network+ Guide to Networks, 6 th Edition 4
5 WAN Topologies Differences from LAN topologies Distance covered, number of users, traffic Connect sites via dedicated, high-speed links Use different connectivity devices WAN connections Require Layer 3 devices Routers Cannot carry nonroutable protocols Network+ Guide to Networks, 6 th Edition 5
6 Figure 7-1 Differences in LAN and WAN connectivity Courtesy Course Technology/Cengage Learning Network+ Guide to Networks, 6 th Edition 6
7 Bus Bus topology WAN Each site connects serially to two sites maximum Network site dependent on every other site to transmit and receive traffic Different locations connected to another through point-to-point links Best use Organizations requiring small WAN, dedicated circuits Drawback Not scalable Network+ Guide to Networks, 6 th Edition 7
8 Figure 7-2 A bus topology WAN Courtesy Course Technology/Cengage Learning Network+ Guide to Networks, 6 th Edition 8
9 Ring Ring topology WAN Each site connected to two other sites Forms ring pattern Connects locations Relies on redundant rings Data rerouted upon site failure Expansion Difficult, expensive Best use Connecting maximum five locations Network+ Guide to Networks, 6 th Edition 9
10 Figure 7-3 A ring topology WAN Courtesy Course Technology/Cengage Learning Network+ Guide to Networks, 6 th Edition 10
11 Star Star topology WAN Single site central connection point Separate data routes between any two sites Advantages Single connection failure affects one location Shorter data paths between any two sites Expansion: simple, less costly Drawback Central site failure can bring down entire WAN Network+ Guide to Networks, 6 th Edition 11
12 Figure 7-4 A star topology WAN Courtesy Course Technology/Cengage Learning Network+ Guide to Networks, 6 th Edition 12
13 Mesh Mesh topology WAN Incorporates many directly interconnected sites Data travels directly from origin to destination Routers can redirect data easily, quickly Most fault-tolerant WAN type Full-mesh WAN Every WAN site directly connected to every other site Drawback: cost Partial-mesh WAN Less costly Network+ Guide to Networks, 6 th Edition 13
14 Figure 7-5 Full-mesh and partial-mesh WANs Courtesy Course Technology/Cengage Learning Network+ Guide to Networks, 6 th Edition 14
15 Tiered Tiered topology WAN Sites connected in star or ring formations Interconnected at different levels Interconnection points organized into layers Form hierarchical groupings Flexibility Allows many variations, practicality Requires careful considerations Geography, usage patterns, growth potential Network+ Guide to Networks, 6 th Edition 15
16 Figure 7-6 A tiered topology WAN Courtesy Course Technology/Cengage Learning Network+ Guide to Networks, 6 th Edition 16
17 PSTN PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Network) Network of lines, carrier equipment providing telephone service POTS (plain old telephone service) Encompasses entire telephone system Originally: analog traffic Today: digital data, computer controlled switching Dial-up connection Modem connects computer to distant network Uses PSTN line Network+ Guide to Networks, 6 th Edition 17
18 PSTN (cont d.) PSTN elements Cannot handle digital transmission Requires modem Signal travels path between modems Over carrier s network Includes CO (central office), remote switching facility Signal converts back to digital pulses CO (central office) Where telephone company terminates lines Switches calls between different locations Network+ Guide to Networks, 6 th Edition 18
19 PSTN (cont d.) Local loop (last mile) Portion connecting residence, business to nearest CO May be digital or analog Digital local loop Fiber to the home (fiber to the premises) Passive optical network (PON) Carrier uses fiber-optic cabling to connect with multiple endpoints Network+ Guide to Networks, 6 th Edition 19
20 Figure 7-7 A long-distance dialup connection Courtesy Course Technology/Cengage Learning Network+ Guide to Networks, 6 th Edition 20
21 Figure 7-8 Local loop portion of the PSTN Courtesy Course Technology/Cengage Learning Network+ Guide to Networks, 6 th Edition 21
22 PSTN (cont d.) Optical line terminal Single endpoint at carrier s central office in a PON Device with multiple optical ports Optical network unit Distributes signals to multiple endpoints using fiberoptic cable Or copper or coax cable Network+ Guide to Networks, 6 th Edition 22
23 Figure 7-9 Passive optical network (PON) Courtesy Course Technology/Cengage Learning Network+ Guide to Networks, 6 th Edition 23
24 X.25 and Frame Relay X.25 ITU standard Analog, packet-switching technology Designed for long distance Original standard: mid 1970s Mainframe to remote computers: 64 Kbps throughput Update: Mbps throughput Client, servers over WANs Verifies transmission at every node Excellent flow control, ensures data reliability Slow, unreliable for time-sensitive applications Network+ Guide to Networks, 6 th Edition 24
25 X.25 and Frame Relay (cont d.) Frame relay Updated X.25: digital, packet-switching Protocols operate at Data Link layer Supports multiple Network, Transport layer protocols Both perform error checking Frame relay: no reliable data delivery guarantee X.25: errors fixed or retransmitted Throughput X.25: 64 Kbps to 45 Mbps Frame relay: customer chooses Network+ Guide to Networks, 6 th Edition 25
26 X.25 and Frame Relay (cont d.) Both use virtual circuits Node connections with disparate physical links Logically appear direct Advantage: efficient bandwidth use Both configurable as SVCs (switched virtual circuits) Connection established for transmission, terminated when complete Both configurable as PVCs (permanent virtual circuits) Connection established before transmission, remains after transmission Network+ Guide to Networks, 6 th Edition 26
27 X.25 and Frame Relay (cont d.) PVCs Not dedicated, individual links X.25 or frame relay lease contract Specify endpoints, bandwidth CIR (committed information rate) Minimum bandwidth guaranteed by carrier PVC lease Share bandwidth with other X.25, frame relay users Network+ Guide to Networks, 6 th Edition 27
28 Figure 7-10 A WAN using frame relay Courtesy Course Technology/Cengage Learning Network+ Guide to Networks, 6 th Edition 28
29 X.25 and Frame Relay (cont d.) Frame relay lease advantage Pay for bandwidth required Less expensive technology Long-established worldwide standard Frame relay and X.25 disadvantage Throughput variability on shared lines Frame relay and X.25 easily upgrade to T-carrier dedicated lines Same connectivity equipment Network+ Guide to Networks, 6 th Edition 29
30 ISDN Standard for transmitting digital data over PSTN Gained popularity: 1990s Connecting WAN locations Exchanges data, voice signals Protocols at Physical, Data Link, Transport layers Signaling, framing, connection setup and termination, routing, flow control, error detection and correction Relies on PSTN for transmission medium Dial-up or dedicated connections Dial-up relies exclusively on digital transmission Network+ Guide to Networks, 6 th Edition 30
31 ISDN (cont d.) Capability: two voice calls, one data connection on a single line Two channel types B channel: bearer Circuit switching for voice, video, audio: 64 Kbps D channel: data Packet-switching for call information: 16 or 64 Kbps BRI (Basic Rate Interface) connection PRI (Primary Rate Interface) connection Network+ Guide to Networks, 6 th Edition 31
32 ISDN (cont d.) BRI: two B channels, one D channel (2B+D) B channels treated as separate connections Carry voice and data Bonding Two 64-Kbps B channels combined Achieve 128 Kbps PRI: 23 B channels, one 64-Kbps D channel (23B+D) Separate B channels independently carry voice, data Maximum throughput: Mbps PRI and BRI may interconnect Network+ Guide to Networks, 6 th Edition 32
33 Figure 7-11 A BRI link Courtesy Course Technology/Cengage Learning Network+ Guide to Networks, 6 th Edition 33
34 Figure 7-12 A PRI link Courtesy Course Technology/Cengage Learning Network+ Guide to Networks, 6 th Edition 34
35 T-Carriers T1s, fractional T1s, T3s Physical layer operation Single channel divided into multiple channels Uses TDM (time division multiplexing) over two wire pairs Medium Telephone wire, fiber-optic cable, wireless links Network+ Guide to Networks, 6 th Edition 35
36 Types of T-Carriers Many available Most common: T1 and T3 Table 7-1 Carrier specifications Courtesy Course Technology/Cengage Learning Network+ Guide to Networks, 6 th Edition 36
37 Types of T-Carriers (cont d.) T1: 24 voice or data channels Maximum data throughput: Mbps T3: 672 voice or data channels Maximum data throughput: Mbps (45 Mbps) T-carrier speed dependent on signal level Physical layer electrical signaling characteristics DS0 (digital signal, level 0) One data, voice channel Network+ Guide to Networks, 6 th Edition 37
38 Types of T-Carriers (cont d.) T1 use Connects branch offices, connects to carrier Connects telephone company COs, ISPs T3 use Data-intensive businesses T3 provides 28 times more throughput (expensive) Multiple T1 s may accommodate needs TI costs vary by region Fractional T1 lease Use some T1 channels, charged accordingly Network+ Guide to Networks, 6 th Edition 38
39 T-Carrier Connectivity T-carrier line requires connectivity hardware Customer site, switching facility Purchased or leased Cannot be used with other WAN transmission methods T-carrier line requires different media Throughput dependent Network+ Guide to Networks, 6 th Edition 39
40 T-Carrier Connectivity (cont d.) Wiring Plain telephone wire UTP or STP copper wiring STP preferred for clean connection Coaxial cable, microwave, fiber-optic cable T1s using STP require repeater every 6000 feet Multiple T1s or T3 Fiber-optic cabling Network+ Guide to Networks, 6 th Edition 40
41 Figure 7-13 T1 wire terminations in an RJ-48 connector Courtesy Course Technology/Cengage Learning Network+ Guide to Networks, 6 th Edition 41
42 Figure 7-14 T1 crossover cable terminations Courtesy Course Technology/Cengage Learning Network+ Guide to Networks, 6 th Edition 42
43 T-Carrier Connectivity (cont d.) CSU/DSU (Channel Service Unit/Data Service Unit) Two separate devices Combined into single stand-alone device Interface card T1 line connection point CSU Provides digital signal termination Ensures connection integrity Network+ Guide to Networks, 6 th Edition 43
44 T-Carrier Connectivity (cont d.) DSU Converts T-carrier frames into frames LAN can interpret (and vice versa) Connects T-carrier lines with terminating equipment Incorporates multiplexer Smart jack Terminate T-carrier wire pairs Customer s demarc (demarcation point) Inside or outside building Connection monitoring point Network+ Guide to Networks, 6 th Edition 44
45 Figure 7-17 A point-to-point T-carrier connection Courtesy Course Technology/Cengage Learning Network+ Guide to Networks, 6 th Edition 45
46 T-Carrier Connectivity (cont d.) Incoming T-carrier line Multiplexer separates combined channels Outgoing T-carrier line Multiplexer combines multiple LAN signals Terminal equipment Switches, routers Best option: router, Layer 3 or higher switch Accepts incoming CSU/DSU signals Translates Network layer protocols Directs data to destination Network+ Guide to Networks, 6 th Edition 46
47 T-Carrier Connectivity (cont d.) CSU/DSU may be integrated with router, switch Expansion card Faster signal processing, better performance Less expensive, lower maintenance solution Network+ Guide to Networks, 6 th Edition 47
48 Figure 7-18 A T-carrier connecting to a LAN through a router Courtesy Course Technology/Cengage Learning Network+ Guide to Networks, 6 th Edition 48
49 DSL (Digital Subscriber Line) Operates over PSTN Directly competes with ISDN, T1 services Requires repeaters for longer distances Best suited for WAN local loop Supports multiple data, voice channels Over single line Higher, inaudible telephone line frequencies Uses advanced data modulation techniques Data signal alters carrier signal properties Amplitude or phase modulation Network+ Guide to Networks, 6 th Edition 49
50 Types of DSL xdsl refers to all DSL varieties ADSL, G.Lite, HDSL, SDSL, VDSL, SHDSL Two DSL categories Asymmetrical and symmetrical Downstream Data travels from carrier s switching facility to customer Upstream Data travels from customer to carrier s switching facility Network+ Guide to Networks, 6 th Edition 50
51 Types of DSL (cont d.) Downstream, upstream throughput rates may differ Asymmetrical More throughput in one direction Downstream throughput higher than upstream throughput Best use: video conferencing, web surfing Symmetrical Equal capacity for upstream, downstream data Examples: HDSL, SDSL, SHDSL Best use: uploading, downloading significant data amounts Network+ Guide to Networks, 6 th Edition 51
52 Types of DSL (cont d.) DSL types vary Data modulation techniques Capacity Distance limitations PSTN use Table 7-2 Comparison of DSL types Courtesy Course Technology/Cengage Learning Network+ Guide to Networks, 6 th Edition 52
53 DSL Connectivity ADSL: common example on home computer Establish TCP connection Transmit through DSL modem Internal or external Splitter separates incoming voice, data signals May connect to switch or router Network+ Guide to Networks, 6 th Edition 53
54 DSL Connectivity (cont d.) ADSL (cont d.) DSL modem forwards modulated signal to local loop Signal continues over four-pair UTP wire Distance less than 18,000 feet: signal combined with other modulated signals in telephone switch Carrier s remote switching facility Splitter separates data signal from voice signals Request sent to DSLAM (DSL access multiplexer) Request issued from carrier s network to Internet backbone Network+ Guide to Networks, 6 th Edition 54
55 Figure 7-20 A DSL connection Courtesy Course Technology/Cengage Learning Network+ Guide to Networks, 6 th Edition 55
56 DSL Connectivity (cont d.) DSL competition T1, ISDN, broadband cable DSL installation Hardware, monthly access costs Slightly less than ISDN; significantly less than T1s DSL drawbacks Throughput lower than broadband cable Network+ Guide to Networks, 6 th Edition 56
57 Broadband Cable Cable companies connectivity option Based on TV signals coaxial cable wiring Theoretical transmission speeds 150 Mbps downstream; 10 Mbps upstream Real transmission Best uses 10 Mbps downstream; 2 Mbps upstream Transmission limited ( throttled) Shared physical connections Web surfing Network data download Network+ Guide to Networks, 6 th Edition 57
58 Broadband Cable (cont d.) Cable modem Modulates, demodulates transmission, reception signals via cable wiring Operates at Physical and Data Link layer May connect to connectivity device Figure 7-21 A cable modem Courtesy Zoom Telephonics, Inc. Network+ Guide to Networks, 6 th Edition 58
59 Broadband Cable (cont d.) Infrastructure required HFC (hybrid fiber-coax) Expensive fiber-optic link supporting high frequencies Connects cable company s offices to node Cable drop Connects node to customer s business or residence Fiber-optic or coaxial cable Connects to head end Provides dedicated connection Many subscribers share same local line, throughput Network+ Guide to Networks, 6 th Edition 59
60 Figure 7-22 Cable infrastructure Courtesy Course Technology/Cengage Learning Network+ Guide to Networks, 6 th Edition 60
61 BPL (Broadband Over Powerline) High-speed Internet access over the electrical grid Began around 2000 Advantages Potential for reaching remote users Roadblocks to development Opposition from telecommunications groups Costly infrastructure upgrades Signals subject to more noise than DSL, cable Signals interfere with amateur radio Network+ Guide to Networks, 6 th Edition 61
62 ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode) Functions in Data Link layer Asynchronous communications method Nodes do not conform to predetermined schemes Specifying data transmissions timing Each character transmitted Start and stop bits Specifies Data Link layer framing techniques Fixed packet size Packet (cell) 48 data bytes plus 5-byte header Network+ Guide to Networks, 6 th Edition 62
63 ATM (cont d.) Smaller packet size requires more overhead Decrease potential throughput Cell efficiency compensates for loss ATM relies on virtual circuits ATM considered packet-switching technology Virtual circuits provide circuit switching advantage Reliable connection Allows specific QoS (quality of service) guarantee Important for time-sensitive applications Network+ Guide to Networks, 6 th Edition 63
64 ATM (cont d.) Compatibility Other leading network technologies Cells support multiple higher-layer protocol LANE (LAN Emulation) Allows integration with Ethernet, token ring network Encapsulates incoming Ethernet or token ring frames Converts to ATM cells for transmission Throughput: 25 Mbps to 622 Mbps Cost: relatively expensive Network+ Guide to Networks, 6 th Edition 64
65 SONET (Synchronous Optical Network) Key strengths WAN technology integration Fast data transfer rates Simple link additions, removals High degree of fault tolerance Synchronous Data transmitted and received by nodes must conform to timing scheme Advantage Interoperability Network+ Guide to Networks, 6 th Edition 65
66 Figure 7-23 A SONET ring Courtesy Course Technology/Cengage Learning Network+ Guide to Networks, 6 th Edition 66
67 SONET (cont d.) Fault tolerance Double-ring topology over fiber-optic cable SONET ring Begins, ends at telecommunications carrier s facility Connects organization s multiple WAN sites in ring fashion Connect with multiple carrier facilities Additional fault tolerance Terminates at multiplexer Easy SONET ring connection additions, removals Network+ Guide to Networks, 6 th Edition 67
68 Figure 7-24 SONET connectivity Courtesy Course Technology/Cengage Learning Network+ Guide to Networks, 6 th Edition 68
69 SONET (cont d.) Data rate indicated by OC (Optical Carrier) level Table 7-3 SONET OC levels Courtesy Course Technology/Cengage Learning Network+ Guide to Networks, 6 th Edition 69
70 SONET (cont d.) Implementation Large companies Long-distance companies Linking metropolitan areas and countries ISPs Guarantying fast, reliable Internet access Telephone companies Connecting Cos Best uses: audio, video, imaging data transmission Expensive to implement Network+ Guide to Networks, 6 th Edition 70
71 WAN Technologies Compared Table 7-4 A comparison of WAN technology throughputs Courtesy Course Technology/Cengage Learning Network+ Guide to Networks, 6 th Edition 71
72 Summary WAN topologies: bus, ring, star, mesh, tiered PSTN network provides telephone service FTTP uses fiber-optic cable to complete carrier connection to subscriber High speed digital data transmission Physical layer: ISDN, T-carriers, DSL, SONET Data Link layer: X.25, frame relay, ATM Physical and Data link: broadband Network+ Guide to Networks, 6 th Edition 72
Public Network. 1. Relatively long physical distance 2. Requiring a service provider (carrier) Branch Office. Home. Private Network.
Introduction to LAN TDC 363 Week 4 Connecting LAN to WAN Book: Chapter 7 1 Outline Wide Area Network (WAN): definition WAN Topologies Choices of WAN technologies Dial-up ISDN T1 Frame Relay DSL Remote
CTS2134 Introduction to Networking. Module 07: Wide Area Networks
CTS2134 Introduction to Networking Module 07: Wide Area Networks WAN cloud Central Office (CO) Local loop WAN components Demarcation point (demarc) Consumer Premises Equipment (CPE) Channel Service Unit/Data
Connection Services. Hakim S. ADICHE, MSc
Connection Services Hakim S. ADICHE, MSc adiche@ccse.kfupm.edu.sa Department of Computer Engineering King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals Dhahran, Saudi Arabia Connection Services Different connectivity
Chapter 9A. Network Definition. The Uses of a Network. Network Basics
Chapter 9A Network Basics 1 Network Definition Set of technologies that connects computers Allows communication and collaboration between users 2 The Uses of a Network Simultaneous access to data Data
Chapter 11: WAN. Abdullah Konak School of Information Sciences and Technology Penn State Berks. Wide Area Networks (WAN)
Chapter 11: WAN Abdullah Konak School of Information Sciences and Technology Penn State Berks Wide Area Networks (WAN) The scope of a WAN covers large geographic areas including national and international
WAN. Introduction. Services used by WAN. Circuit Switched Services. Architecture of Switch Services
WAN Introduction Wide area networks (WANs) Connect BNs and LANs across longer distances, often hundreds of miles or more Typically built by using leased circuits from common carriers such as AT&T Most
WAN Technology. Heng Sovannarith heng_sovannarith@yahoo.com
WAN Technology Heng Sovannarith heng_sovannarith@yahoo.com Introduction A WAN is a data communications network that covers a relatively broad geographic area and often uses transmission facilities provided
LECTURE 5: Wide Area Networks (WANs) CIS484. Communications Systems. Summer 2015 Instructor: Dr. Song Xing
LECTURE 5: Wide Area Networks (WANs) CIS484 Summer 2015 Instructor: Dr. Song Xing Department of Information Systems California State University, Los Angeles Outlines Introduction to WAN Point-to-point
Voice and Delivery Data Networks
Voice and Delivery Data Networks Chapter 11 Learning Objectives After reading this chapter, you should be able to: Identify the basic elements of a telephone system Describe the composition of the telephone
Wireless Links - Wireless communication relies on radio signals or infrared signals for transmitting data.
Uses of a network A network is a way to connect computers so that they can communicate, exchange information and share resources in real time. Networks enable multiple users to access shared data and programs
XDSL and DSLAM Access Technologies
XDSL and DSLAM Access Technologies Abstract What are the differences between the different forms of xdsl technology, such as ADSL and HDSL? How are they implemented. What are the limitations? What are
WAN Technologies Based on CCNA 4 v3.1 Slides Compiled & modified by C. Pham
WAN Technologies Based on CCNA 4 v3.1 Slides Compiled & modified by C. Pham 1 Wide-area Networks (WANs) 2 Metropolitan-Area Network (MANs) 3 Path Determination 4 Internetworking Any internetwork must include
Analysis of xdsl Technologies
International Journal of Electronics and Computer Science Engineering 897 Available Online at www.ijecse.org ISSN- 2277-1956 Analysis of xdsl Technologies Dimple Saproo 1, Megha Goyal 2, Asha Bhagashra
WANs connect remote sites. Connection requirements vary depending on user requirements, cost, and availability.
WAN Review A WAN makes data connections across a broad geographic area so that information can be exchanged between distant sites. This topic defines the characteristics of a WAN. WAN Overview WANs connect
Telecommunications systems (Part 2)
School of Business Eastern Illinois University Telecommunications systems (Part 2) Abdou Illia, Spring 2007 (Week 12, Thursday 3/29/2007) T-1 Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) Cellular Telephone System Integrated
Broadband 101: Installation and Testing
Broadband 101: Installation and Testing Fanny Mlinarsky Introduction Today the Internet is an information superhighway with bottlenecks at every exit. These congested exits call for the deployment of broadband
Think! Think! Data communications. Long-Distance. Modems: to analog and back. Transmission Media. The last mile is the hardest for digital information
Data communications Think! Think!?? What makes it possible to communicate from point A to point B?? Long-Distance Transmission Media If you place a call outside the local transport area, an interchange
WAN Data Link Protocols
WAN Data Link Protocols In addition to Physical layer devices, WANs require Data Link layer protocols to establish the link across the communication line from the sending to the receiving device. 1 Data
ADSL or Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line. Backbone. Bandwidth. Bit. Bits Per Second or bps
ADSL or Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line Backbone Bandwidth Bit Commonly called DSL. Technology and equipment that allow high-speed communication across standard copper telephone wires. This can include
Long Distance Connection and WAN
Lecture 6 Long Distance Connection and WAN Digital Telephone, PCM and Nyquist Sampling Theorem DSU/CSU, T Line Series and OC line Series Local Loop DSL Technologies - ADSL, HDSL, SDSL, VDSL Cable Modem
Telecommunications systems (Part 1)
School of Business Eastern Illinois University Telecommunications systems (Part 1) (Week 11, Thursday 11/02/2006) Abdou Illia, Fall 2006 Learning Objectives 2 Describe and compare types of connection to
Computer Networks. Definition of LAN. Connection of Network. Key Points of LAN. Lecture 06 Connecting Networks
Computer Networks Lecture 06 Connecting Networks Kuang-hua Chen Department of Library and Information Science National Taiwan University Local Area Networks (LAN) 5 kilometer IEEE 802.3 Ethernet IEEE 802.4
Telecommunications, Networks, and Wireless Computing
Objectives Telecommunications, Networks, and Wireless Computing 1. What are the features of a contemporary corporate telecommunications system? On what major technology developments are they based? 2.
Overview of WAN Connections Module 1
Overview of WAN Connections Module 1 Objectives This module introduces the basic elements of WAN connections and describes the role each element plays in creating that connection. After completing this
Chapter 2 - The TCP/IP and OSI Networking Models
Chapter 2 - The TCP/IP and OSI Networking Models TCP/IP : Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol OSI : Open System Interconnection RFC Request for Comments TCP/IP Architecture Layers Application
(Refer Slide Time: 2:10)
Data Communications Prof. A. Pal Department of Computer Science & Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur Lecture-12 Multiplexer Applications-1 Hello and welcome to today s lecture on multiplexer
By: Mohsen Aminifar Fall 2014
By: Mohsen Aminifar Fall 2014 Contact Information: E-Mail: m.aminifar@modares.ac.ir admin@parsenet.ir Phone : 021-22919726 09128442885 Website : http://parsenet.ir http://aminifar.ir SMS Center : 5000262175
Appendix A: Basic network architecture
Appendix A: Basic network architecture TELECOMMUNICATIONS LOCAL ACCESS NETWORKS Traditionally, telecommunications networks are classified as either fixed or mobile, based on the degree of mobility afforded
How To Get High Speed Internet In Australia
ADSL vs Cable Cable subscribers are connected directly to high speed lines while ADSL subscribers are connected directly to medium speed lines Cable subscribers share the line connecting them to neighbourhood
INTERNET CONNECTIVITY
INTERNET CONNECTIVITY http://www.tutorialspoint.com/internet_technologies/internet_connectivity.htm Copyright tutorialspoint.com Here in this tutorial, we will discuss how to connect to internet i.e. internet
A General Glossary of Telecommunications Terminology
1 A General Glossary of Telecommunications Terminology Analog Electronic transmission of voice and data accomplished by adding signals of varying frequency, or amplitude, to carrier waves of a given frequency
Chapter 5. Data Communication And Internet Technology
Chapter 5 Data Communication And Internet Technology Purpose Understand the fundamental networking concepts Agenda Network Concepts Communication Protocol TCP/IP-OSI Architecture Network Types LAN WAN
1 Which network type is a specifically designed configuration of computers and other devices located within a confined area? A Peer-to-peer network
Review questions 1 Which network type is a specifically designed configuration of computers and other devices located within a confined area? A Peer-to-peer network B Local area network C Client/server
Network Topologies. Network Topologies
Network Topologies LANs and WANs - Geographical coverage LANs A single geographical location, such as office building, school, etc Typically High speed and cheaper. WANs Spans more than one geographical
Broadband Primer. A Guide to High Speed Internet Technologies. Indiana Office of Utility Consumer Counselor
Broadband Primer A Guide to High Speed Internet Technologies Indiana Office of Utility Consumer Counselor 100 N. Senate Av., Room N501 Indianapolis, IN 46204-2215 www.openlines.in.gov toll-free: 1-888-441-2494
WAN Design Guide The Lower Layers August 2005
ProCurve Networking by HP WAN Design Guide The Lower Layers August 2005 Introduction... 5 Secure WAN Design Overview... 5 Understanding the Customer Requirement... 5 Overview of WAN Environments... 7 What
Local Area Networks (LANs) Blueprint (May 2012 Release)
Local Area Networks (LANs) The CCNT Local Area Networks (LANs) Course April 2012 release blueprint lists the following information. Courseware Availability Date identifies the availability date for the
Introduction to computer networks and Cloud Computing
Introduction to computer networks and Cloud Computing Aniel Nieves-González Fall 2015 Computer Netwoks A computer network is a set of independent computer systems that are connected by a communication
Notes Odom, Chapter 4 Flashcards Set: http://www.flashcardmachine.com/1162711/b41c
EDTECH 552 (SP11) Susan Ferdon Notes Odom, Chapter 4 Flashcards Set: http://www.flashcardmachine.com/1162711/b41c telco Leased Line CSU/DSU Local Telephone Company Owns the cables and has right of way
R2. The word protocol is often used to describe diplomatic relations. How does Wikipedia describe diplomatic protocol?
Chapter 1 Review Questions R1. What is the difference between a host and an end system? List several different types of end systems. Is a Web server an end system? 1. There is no difference. Throughout
Chapter 4 Connecting to the Internet through an ISP
Chapter 4 Connecting to the Internet through an ISP 1. According to Cisco what two things are essential to gaining access to the internet? a. ISPs are essential to gaining access to the Internet. b. No
11/22/2013 1. komwut@siit
11/22/2013 1 Week3-4 Point-to-Point, LAN, WAN Review 11/22/2013 2 What will you learn? Representatives for Point-to-Point Network LAN Wired Ethernet Wireless Ethernet WAN ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode)
Discovering Computers 2008. Chapter 9 Communications and Networks
Discovering Computers 2008 Chapter 9 Communications and Networks Chapter 9 Objectives Discuss the the components required for for successful communications Identify various sending and receiving devices
DSL Variations. NEXTEP Broadband White Paper. Broadband Networks Group. Definitions and differences of Digital Subscriber Line variations.
NEXTEP Broadband White Paper DSL Variations Definitions and differences of Digital Subscriber Line variations. A NEXTEP Broadband White Paper May 2001 Broadband Networks Group DSL Variations EXECUTIVE
1.264 Lecture 34. Telecom: Connecting wired LAN, WAN. Next class: Green chapter 17. Exercise due before class
1.264 Lecture 34 Telecom: Connecting wired LAN, WAN Next class: Green chapter 17. Exercise due before class 1 Exercise Your transportation brokerage company also handles billing for freight shipments,
VDSL (VERY HIGH DATA BIT RATE DIGITAL SUBSCRIBER LINE)
1 VDSL (VERY HIGH DATA BIT RATE DIGITAL SUBSCRIBER LINE) INTRODUCTION 1. Recent events in the telecommunications environment are giving rise to a new class of service providers, setting the stage for how
CCNA Discovery Chapter Four
CCNA Discovery Chapter Four By Chief Eng. Amna Ahmed Institute of Telecommunication amna_ahmed28@yahoo.com Modified by Vincenzo Bruno Hacklab Cosenza Chapter 4 Explain what the internet is Every day millions
Residential Broadband: Technologies for High-Speed Access To Homes
Residential Broadband: Technologies for High-Speed Access To Homes The Ohio State University Columbus, OH 43210-1277 1277 http://www.cse.ohio-state.edu/~jain/ 1 Overview 56 kbps Modems, ISDN ADSL, VDSL
Getting Broadband. FCC Consumer Facts. What Is Broadband?
Getting Broadband FCC Consumer Facts What Is Broadband? Broadband or high-speed Internet access allows users to access the Internet and Internetrelated services at significantly higher speeds than those
Copyright. Transport networks. Physical layer Transport and access networks. Pag. 1
Physical layer Transport and access networks Gruppo Reti TLC nome.cognome@polito.it http://www.telematica.polito.it/ COMPUTER NETWORK DESIGN Physical layer review - 1 Copyright Quest opera è protetta dalla
Communication Networks. MAP-TELE 2011/12 José Ruela
Communication Networks MAP-TELE 2011/12 José Ruela Network basic mechanisms Introduction to Communications Networks Communications networks Communications networks are used to transport information (data)
Objectives. Remote Connection Options. Teleworking. Connecting Teleworkers to the Corporate WAN. Providing Teleworker Services
ITE I Chapter 6 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 1 Objectives Providing Teleworker Services Describe the enterprise requirements for providing teleworker services Explain how
T1 Networking Made Easy
T1 Networking Made Easy 1 THE T1 CARRIER 3 WHAT DOES A T1 LOOK LIKE? 3 T1 BANDWIDTH 3 T1 PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS 4 T1 FRAMING 5 LINE CODE 6 T1 NETWORKING 6 TELCOS 6 PSTN ACCESS WITH A T1 8 SUMMARY OF
Black Box Explains: DSL
Black Box Explains: DSL History It was realized as early as the late eighties, early nineties, that conventional data transmission systems did not meet the requirements of the growing internet community
ADSL WAN Connections. Contents
7 ADSL WAN Connections Contents ADSL Overview................................................. 7-4 ADSL Technologies.......................................... 7-5 ADSL2 and ADSL2+: Enhancing Transmission
Acer ADSL Surf USB Modem
. Acer ADSL Surf USB Modem Installation Guide Acer European Support: http://support.acer-euro.com 1 Table of Contents. 1. About The Manual 2. Specification 3. Preface Chapter 1 : Chapter 2 : ADSL Overview
TELECOMMUNICATIONS STANDARDS ADVISORY COMMITTEE TSAC WORKING GROUP ON NEW STANDARDS AND POLICY (NSP)
TELECOMMUNICATIONS STANDARDS ADVISORY COMMITTEE TSAC WORKING GROUP ON NEW STANDARDS AND POLICY (NSP) Introduction Development of Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) Technology This paper introduces the development
Ethernet Passive Optical Networks EPON
Ethernet Passive Optical Networks EPON IEEE 802.3 Ethernet in the First Mile Study Group January 8-9, 2001, Irvine, CA Gerry Pesavento Alloptic, Inc. Tel 925-245-7647 Email gerry.pesavento@alloptic.com
Exam questions. 1. Which of the following are true regarding xdsl? Choose three. It uses a portion of the existing phone line.
Nguyen Khac Quyet - Take Exam Exam questions Time remaining: 00: 08: 31 1. Which of the following are true regarding xdsl? Choose three. It uses a portion of the existing phone line It is symmetrical It
Computer Network. Interconnected collection of autonomous computers that are able to exchange information
Introduction Computer Network. Interconnected collection of autonomous computers that are able to exchange information No master/slave relationship between the computers in the network Data Communications.
Intel System Engineers Documents. DSL General Overview
Intel System Engineers Documents DSL General Overview Alex Lattanzi SC LAR Whatt IIs Brroadband? Broadband describes a number of different technologies that deliver digital data to homes and businesses
5.3.1.9 Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) Requirements
UCR 2008, Change 2, Modification #2 provides (DSL) requirements. Section 5.3.1 was modified to reflect this change. Corrections to UCR 2008, Change 2, made by Modification # 2 SECTION NEW Requirements
Network Neutrality Statement
Network Neutrality Statement CTC continues to comply with all applicable FCC requirements while providing the best possible customer experience for its Internet users. As such, CTC commits to the open
The Telephone Network
The Telephone Network 1 2 PSTN public switched telephone network (PSTN) is the largest and most widespread communications network in the world For computer communications used to link remote sites of organisation
TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEMS
TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEMS IP Networking Through Telecommunication System System Engineering BSc Full-time Overview Phone Line Modems Accoustic modem PSTN modem ISDN modem ADSL XDSL Acoustic modems Connection
Computers Are Your Future. 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Computers Are Your Future 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc. Computers Are Your Future Chapter 3 Wired and Wireless Communication 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc Slide 2 What You Will Learn... ü The definition of bandwidth
Network Design. Yiannos Mylonas
Network Design Yiannos Mylonas Physical Topologies There are two parts to the topology definition: the physical topology, which is the actual layout of the wire (media), and the logical topology, which
Internet Public Network
Internet Public Network Bandwidth Data rate measured in bits (not bytes) per seconds Kbps (Kilobits per seconds) 125 chars/sec Mbps (Megabits per seconds) 1,250 chars/sec Gbps (Gigabits per seconds) 12,500
Technology Brief. Implementing DSL Service for ISPs with the SMS. The DSL Opportunity. DSL is Different from Dial
Technology Brief Implementing DSL Service for ISPs with the SMS The DSL Opportunity Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) services represent a major opportunity for dialup-based Internet Service Providers (ISPs)
Chapter 9 Communications and Networks
Chapter 9 Communications and Networks Chapter 9 Objectives Discuss the components required for successful communications Identify various sending and receiving devices Explain the purpose of communications
Introduction to WANs. Objectives. Key Terms CHAPTER 1
CHAPTER 1 Introduction to WANs Objectives After completing this chapter, you should be able to answer the following questions: How does the Cisco enterprise architecture provide integrated services over
Dedicated Access Solutions for Internet Service Providers
White Paper Dedicated Access Solutions for Internet Service Providers INTRODUCTION Revenue from business connections to the Internet represents, on average, almost 60 percent of the total revenue to Internet
Network support for tele-education
Network support for tele-education Aiko Pras Centre for Telematics and Information Technology University of Twente (UT) http://wwwtios.cs.utwente.nl/~pras This paper discusses the state of the art in networking,
VoIP Bandwidth Considerations - design decisions
VoIP Bandwidth Considerations - design decisions When calculating the bandwidth requirements for a VoIP implementation the two main protocols are: a signalling protocol such as SIP, H.323, SCCP, IAX or
Residential Broadband: Technologies for High-Speed Access To Homes
Residential Broadband: Technologies for High-Speed Access To Homes Columbus, OH 43210 Jain@CIS.Ohio-State.Edu http://www.cis.ohio-state.edu/~jain/cis788-97/ Email questions to mbone@netlab.ohio-state.edu
Chapter 9 Using Telephone and Cable Networks for Data Transmission
9-11 TELEPHONE NETWORK Chapter 9 Using Telephone and Cable Networks for Data Transmission 1 McGraw-Hill Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required The for reproduction McGraw-Hill or
DSL and Cable Modem Networks
Presented by: C H A P T E R 7 DSL and Cable Modem Networks DSL and cable modem network access are two alternative ways to connect to a network service provider without the use of more expensive dedicated
COMPUTERS ARE YOUR FUTURE CHAPTER 8 WIRED & WIRELESS COMMUNICATION
COMPUTERS ARE YOUR FUTURE CHAPTER 8 WIRED & WIRELESS COMMUNICATION Answers to End-of-Chapter Questions Matching g 1. whiteboard i 2. sending device o 3. streaming j 4. WiFi m 5. Webcam d 6. data transfer
Networking Basics. Uses of a network
Networking Basics Data communications the electronic transfer of information between computers. This has become a major focus of the computer industry especially since the rapid growth of the internet.
Introduction to ADSL. NEXTEP Broadband White Paper. Broadband Networks Group. A primer on Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line transmission technology.
NEXTEP Broadband White Paper Introduction to ADSL A primer on Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line transmission technology. A NEXTEP Broadband White Paper May 2001 Broadband Networks Group Introduction to
Cisco CCNA Optional Semester 4 Labs Wide Area Networking LAB 1 T1 TSU WAN LINK OVERVIEW - Instructor Guide (Estimated time: 30 minutes)
CNAP @ VCC 1 of 8 LAB 1 T1 TSU WAN LINK OVERVIEW - Instructor Guide (Estimated time: 30 minutes) Objectives: Understand the function of a T1 Service Unit (TSU) in network telecommunications Connect routers
C20.0001 Information Systems for Managers Fall 1999
New York University, Leonard N. Stern School of Business C20.0001 Information Systems for Managers Fall 1999 Networking Fundamentals A network comprises two or more computers that have been connected in
Application Of Build-in Self Test In Functional Test Of DSL
Application Of Build-in Self Test In Functional Test Of DSL YaJun Gu, Ye Qin, ZhiJun Wang, David Wei, Andrew Ho, Stephen Chen, Zhen (Jane) Feng Ph. D., Murad Kurwa No.77 Yong Sheng Road, Malu, Jiading,
Chapter 7: Computer Networks, the Internet, and the World Wide Web. Invitation to Computer Science, C++ Version, Third Edition
Chapter 7: Computer Networks, the Internet, and the World Wide Web Invitation to Computer Science, C++ Version, Third Edition Objectives In this chapter, you will learn about: Basic networking concepts
Technical Paper. Digital Subscriber Line (DSL): Using Next Generation Technologies to Expand Traditional Infrastructures
Technical Paper Digital Subscriber Line (DSL): Using Next Generation Technologies to Expand Traditional Infrastructures USB ADSL Modem Contents Digital Subscriber Line (DSL): Using Next Generation Technologies
EECC694 - Shaaban. Transmission Channel
The Physical Layer: Data Transmission Basics Encode data as energy at the data (information) source and transmit the encoded energy using transmitter hardware: Possible Energy Forms: Electrical, light,
MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS 8/E
MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS 8/E Raymond McLeod, Jr. and George Schell Chapter 10 Data Communications Copyright 2001 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 10-1 Objectives Understand data communication basics. Know the
Glossary of Telco Terms
Glossary of Telco Terms Access Generally refers to the connection between your business and the public phone network, or between your business and another dedicated location. A large portion of your business
Introduction to WAN Technologies
CHAPTER 3 Chapter Goals Become familiar with WAN terminology. Learn about different types of WAN connections. Become familiar with different types of WAN equipment. This chapter introduces the various
How DSL Works. by Curt Franklin
by Curt Franklin How DSL Works When you connect to the Internet, you might connect through a regular modem, through a localarea network connection in your office, through a cable modem or through a digital
3.1 TELECOMMUNICATIONS, NETWORKS AND THE INTERNET
3.1 TELECOMMUNICATIONS, NETWORKS AND THE INTERNET The Business Value of Telecommunications and Networking Business value impacts of the telecommunications and Networking are: Declining transaction costs
Chapter 1 Instructor Version
Name Date Objectives: Instructor Version Explain how multiple networks are used in everyday life. Explain the topologies and devices used in a small to medium-sized business network. Explain the basic
Local-Area Network -LAN
Computer Networks A group of two or more computer systems linked together. There are many [types] of computer networks: Peer To Peer (workgroups) The computers are connected by a network, however, there
Table 1: Comparison of different types of DSL Technologies
Table 1: Comparison of different types of DSL Technologies DSL Type Symmetric/Asymmetric Loop Range (kft) Downstream (Mbps) Upstream (Mbps) IDSL symmetric 18 0.128 0.128 SDSL symmetric 10 1.544 1.544 HDSL
Local Area Network By Bhupendra Ratha, Lecturer School of Library and Information Science Devi Ahilya University, Indore Email: bhu261@gmail.com Local Area Network LANs connect computers and peripheral
The Conversion Technology Experts. Media Conversion: Cost-Effectively Integrating T1 into your Fiber Network
The Conversion Technology Experts Media Conversion: Cost-Effectively Integrating T1 into your Fiber Network Media Conversion: Cost Effectively Integrating T1 into Your Fiber Network Revealing some simple
ADSL BROADBAND BASICS FOR THE DOMESTIC USER. The Main Limitations of ADSL Broadband are as follows.
ADSL BROADBAND BASICS FOR THE DOMESTIC USER AS NOTHING MAN MADE IS PERFECT, ADSL IS NOT AN EXCEPTION. The Main Limitations of ADSL Broadband are as follows. 1. ADSL is not a Guaranteed Bandwidth Service.
CSCI 491-01 Topics: Internet Programming Fall 2008
CSCI 491-01 Topics: Internet Programming Fall 2008 Introduction Derek Leonard Hendrix College September 3, 2008 Original slides copyright 1996-2007 J.F Kurose and K.W. Ross 1 Chapter 1: Introduction Our
Analog vs. Digital Transmission
Analog vs. Digital Transmission Compare at two levels: 1. Data continuous (audio) vs. discrete (text) 2. Signaling continuously varying electromagnetic wave vs. sequence of voltage pulses. Also Transmission
Chapter 9. Internet. Copyright 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Inc 10-1
Chapter 9 Internet Copyright 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Inc 10-1 Outline 9.2 - How the Internet Works - Basic Architecture - Connecting to an ISP - Internet Today 9.3 - Internet Access Technologies - DSL