Raleigh Hood, Nick D Adamo, Ed Urban and Peter Burkill. Update on planning for the Indian Ocean Expedi5on 50 th Anniversary Ini5a5ve (IIOE 2)

Transcription

1 Raleigh Hood, Nick D Adamo, Ed Urban and Peter Burkill Update on planning for the Indian Ocean Expedi5on 50 th Anniversary Ini5a5ve (IIOE 2)

2 Outline:! Introduc>on: IIOE History! IIOE- 2 Vision! Reference Group mee>ng No 1! Reference Group mee>ng No 2! Reference Group mee>ng No 3! SCOR Science Plan Development CommiNee! Summary of Na>onal IIOE- 2 planning efforts so far! IIOE- 2 Chronology Future

3 History:! The International Indian Ocean Expedition (IIOE) was one of the greatest international, interdisciplinary oceanographic research efforts of all time.! Planning for the IIOE began at SCOR s first meeting in 1957 and the IIOE was managed by SCOR from 1959 through IOC assumed management responsibility from 1963 through 1965.

4 History:! The IIOE motivated an unprecedented number of hydrographic surveys (and repeat surveys) over the course of the expedition covering the entire Indian Ocean basin.! Forty-six research vessels participated under fourteen different flags.! And it was an interdisciplinary endeavor that embraced physical oceanography, chemical oceanography, meteorology, marine biology, marine geology and geophysics. Meteor II (Germany) Atlantis II (US)) Discovery (UK)

5 History:! Among its many legacies, the IIOE led to the establishment of India s National Institute of Oceanography (NIO) in Goa, which marked the beginning of the development of India s considerable modern day oceanographic research capacity.

6 Vision for a 50 th Anniversary International Indian Ocean Expedition (an IIOE-2):! First Order: Embrace and help to organize ongoing and planned research in the Indian Ocean in the time frame as part of a larger 50 th Anniversary Celebration of the International Indian Ocean Expedition.! The international programs that have research ongoing or planned in the Indian Ocean in this time frame include IMBER/SIBER, CLIVAR, IOGOOS, GEOTRACES, GO-SHIP and others.! Many countries, including the USA, China, Japan, Australia, Indonesia and India have planned cruises in this time frame as well. These programs and national cruises can serve as a core for IIOE-2.! Define pressing science and societal drivers that need to be addressed.! Motivate repeat line work and new process studies and research initiatives to address these science and societal drivers.! Motivate conferences and summer schools and other commemorative events.! Build research capacity in Indian Ocean rim nations.! Help make oceanographic data from the Indian Ocean accessible both to discovery and re-use.

7 The IIOE- 2 Reference Group: Co- Chairs - N D Adamo (IOC), R Hood (SIBER/IOGOOS/IMBER)! Reference Group emerged from IOGOOS- 9 + IOP- 9 + SIBER- 3 + IRF- 3 Cape Town, South Africa in October, 2012! Tasked to champion the development of an IIOE- 2 on behalf of its IO cons>tuency! By convening a series of mee>ngs to get input from a broad IIOE- 2 community Reference Group Mee5ng No. 1 (May , Hyderabad): Indian Ocean research reviewed, conferences, summer schools, repeat lines and new ini7a7ves planned. Reference Group Mee5ng No. 2 (Nov , Qingdao): Defined overarching Science and societal drivers for IIOE- 2, assessed ongoing and planned research ac7vi7es in the Indian Ocean in the 2015 to me frame, mo7vated na7onal planning efforts. Reference Group Mee5ng No. 3 (March , Mauri5us): Convened the SW IO cons7tuency for general IIOE- 2 engagement and addressed issue of whether/how to extend the EIOURI in the context of the W/SW Indian Ocean domain.

8 IIOE-2 Reference Group Meeting No. 1: Hyderabad, India, May 14-15, 2013! Co- Chairs - N D Adamo (IOC), R Hood (SIBER/IOGOOS/IMBER), including SCOR (Peter Burkill + Ed Urban)! Cons7tuted the 1st gathering of a broad IIOE- 2 community! IO stakeholders well represented (i.e., from science, community, ins7tu7ons, governments)! Hosted by INCOIS and MoES in Hyderabad.! Group dedicated itself to planning and coordina7ng all IIOE 50th anniversary events.

9 International Indian Ocean Expedition 50 th Anniversary Initiative (IIOE-2) Report from the IIOE-2 Reference Group Meeting No 1, Hyderabad, India, May 2013 Co-Chairs Raleigh Hood (SIBER) & Nick D Adamo (IOC) IMBER Report #8; IOGOOS:PR:08:IIOE-2/RG-01; SIBER Report #5 Report available, along with all IIOE- 2 materials, on

10 IIOE-2 Reference Group Planning Meeting 1: The IIOE-2 RG-1 accomplishments: 1) Reviewed the IIOE history, scientific motivation and outcomes with a view toward identifying scientific questions that are still unanswered that should be pursued as part of the 50 th Anniversary effort. 2) Reviewed activities of India s IIOE-2 National Planning Committee. 3) Reviewed the scientific results of later major programs in the region such as WOCE, JGOFS, CoML and research supported by sustained observation under GOOS. 4) Identified many new, compelling scientific questions that have emerged since the IIOE that could be addressed by research expeditions, repeat lines and sustained observation as part of a 50 th Anniversary IIOE-2. 5) Initiated assessment of ongoing and planned research activities in the Indian Ocean in the 2015 to 2020 time frame, with the goal of embracing and helping to organize these activities as part of a larger coordinated 50 th Anniversary research initiative. 6) Discussed potential IIOE-2 repeat line work that could help address the scientific questions identified under task 4.

11 IIOE-2 Reference Group Planning Meeting: The IIOE-2 RG accomplishments continued 7) Reviewed plans for a new international, interdisciplinary research program in the Indian Ocean: The IOP and SIBER led Eastern Indian Ocean Upwelling Research Initiative (EIOURI). 8) Reviewed emerging plans for a 50 th Anniversary Open Science Conference in 2015 celebrating the 50 th Anniversary of the IIOE and India s NIO. This event will also signal and promote the initiation of the IIOE 50 th Anniversary Celebration. This is being led by SCOR. 9) Reported on plans for convening an interdisciplinary summer school at NIO as another 50 th Anniversary kickoff event that is aimed at building capacity within Indian Ocean rim nations. This will likely happen in summer of ) Discussed how to motivate and coordinate an integrated outreach and education component for the IIOE-2 aimed at, among other things, recognizing and celebrating the history of Indian Ocean research. 11) Discussed the need to develop a plan for making oceanographic data from the IIOE-2 (and the Indian Ocean in general) accessible both to discovery and re-use. 12) Resolved to go forward, meet again and seek high level endorsement from the IOC.

12 IIOE- 2 Reference Group Mee>ng No 2! Venue: First Ins7tute of Oceanography, Qingdao, China.! Dates: Nov 2013! Co- Chairs - N D Adamo (IOC), R Hood (SIBER/IOGOOS/IMBER)! Strong representa7on and par7cipa7on by Eastern Indian Ocean Rim Na7ons

13 International Indian Ocean Expedition 50 th Anniversary Initiative (IIOE-2) Meeting Notes from the IIOE-2 Reference Group Meeting No 2, Qingdao, China, November 2013 Co-Chairs Raleigh Hood (SIBER) & Nick D Adamo (IOC) DraT Report available, along with all IIOE- 2 materials, on

14 The IIOE-2 RG-2 accomplishments:! Defined Overarching Science and societal drivers for IIOE-2.! Assessed exciting & substantive planned and ongoing activities by several nations during the IIOE time frame.! Developed strategy for promoting national IIOE-2 planning efforts.! Adopted an IIOE-2 organizational framework/governance structure.! Agreed that another Reference Group meeting was needed for East Africa / SW IO constituency (March 2014, Mauritius)... for general IIOE-2 engagement and to address the issue of whether/how to extend the EIOURI in the context of the W/SW Indian Ocean domain.

15 Overarching Science and Societal Drivers Emerged: Physical Oceanography and Atmospheric Science Drivers: 1) Upwelling dynamics and variability 2) Monsoon variability and predictability 3) Extreme events 4) Climate variability and change Biogeochemical and Ecosystem Science Drivers: 1) Ocean stressors (warming, deoxygenation, acidification, eutrophication, atmospheric pollution) 2) Biodiversity loss, changes in phenology and biogeography 3) The Indian Oceans role in the global nitrogen and carbon cycles 4) Fisheries: recruitment, productivity and links to biogeochemistry and physics Societal Drivers: 1) Food security and fisheries (commercial and artisanal, overfishing) 2) Change in coastal environments (sea level rise, coastal erosion, loss of mangroves) 3) Human impacts of climate change, extreme events and monsoon variability 4) Biodiversity loss and ecosystem preservation for tourism and fisheries

16 Draft IIOE-2 Overarching Goal: The overarching goal of the IIOE-2 is to advance our understanding of the dynamical interactions between the ocean, atmosphere and land that give rise to the complex physical variability that is observed in the Indian Ocean, and determine how this physical forcing drives variability in marine biogeochemical cycles, ecosystems and fisheries. This understanding is required to predict the impacts of climate change, eutrophication and harvesting in the Indian Ocean and on the global oceans and the Earth System. It is also fundamental to policy makers for the development of management strategies for the Indian Ocean. To address this overarching goal the IIOE-2 will structure its research around five scientific themes. Each of these include a set questions that need to be addressed in order to improve our understanding of the physical forcing that drives variability in marine biogeochemical cycles and ecosystems in the Indian Ocean and develop capacity to predict future changes. 16

17 Draft IIOE-2 Research Themes: Theme 1: Upwelling dynamics and variability: How does the interaction between local and remote forcing influence upwelling variability in the Indian Ocean and how does this, in turn, impact nutrient stoichiometry, primary productivity, higher trophic level production and fisheries? Theme 2: Monsoon variability and predictability: What factors control monsoon variability and how does this variability impact ocean circulation and mixing and therefore also biogeochemical cycles and ecosystem response? Theme 3: Extreme events: How does tropical cyclogenesis in the Indian Ocean differ from other ocean basins and how does it interact with monsoon forcing? How do extreme events in the Indian Ocean impact coastal and ocean ecosystems? What are the combined threats of extreme weather events and sea level rise in low-lying coastal zones and island nations of the Indian Ocean region? Theme 4: Circulation, climate variability and change: How much have the circulations of the Indian Ocean and overlying atmosphere varied in the past decades and over geological timescales and what can this tell us about the future? How does this relate to connectivity to the Pacific via the Indonesian seas and the Atlantic via the Agulhas Current? What are the implications of these changes for biological productivity and higher trophic levels? Theme 5: Anthropogenic impacts: How are human-induced ocean stressors (for example, warming, sea-level rise, deoxygenation, acidification, eutrophication, atmospheric pollution, coastal erosion and overfishing) impacting the biogeochemistry and ecology of the Indian Ocean? 17

18 IIOE- 2 Reference Group Mee>ng No 3 Western Indian Ocean Regional Focus Group Meeting! Venue: Quatre Bornes, Mauri7us! Dates: 6 7 March 2014! Chair: N D Adamo (IOC)! Broad representa7on and par7cipa7on by Western Indian Ocean Rim Na7ons

19 International Indian Ocean Expedition 50th Anniversary Initiative (IIOE-2) Report of the Western Indian Ocean Regional Focus Group Meeting to help plan the International Indian Ocean Expedition 50th Anniversary Initiative (IIOE-2), Quatre Bornes, Mauritius, 6 and 7 March 2014 Nick D Adamo 12 June 2014 Report available, along with all IIOE- 2 materials, on

20 The IIOE-2 RG-3 Goals:! Identify and promote the objectives of IOC Member States of the Western Indian Ocean sub-region in the IIOE-2 initiative and facilitate their active participation in IIOE-2.! Define a focused set of overarching science and societal drivers with specific reference to the Western Indian Ocean for the IIOE-2.! Identify and make available research vessels for scientific research cruises and complementary capacities for the other aspects of the IIOE-2 (e.g., capacity building, outreach etc).! Identify benefits that the IIOE-2 initiative could offer Western Indian Ocean constituents.

21 Participant Statement: We strongly support the establishment of an IIOE-2 for , as a unique opportunity for regional collaboration in marine research, training, capacity-building and societal application, We reaffirm our commitment to undertake the IIOE-2 under a spirit of mutual cooperation and partnership and we support this important scientific endeavor to enhance our understanding of the Indian Ocean for the betterment of the environment per se and of the human communities that rely on and are influenced by the Ocean. We urge and will endeavor to work with our own national Governments, relevant institutions and scientific communities to support IIOE-2 through opportunities available to them, including the 47th Meeting of the Executive Council of the IOC of UNESCO. We will endeavor to catalyze and harness national coordination in our countries to promote coherent and integrated engagement in the IIOE-2. We urge prospective stakeholders in IIOE-2 from countries that will bring ocean observing, associated infrastructure, research and related capacities to the Indian Ocean under the IIOE-2, to facilitate the collaborative engagement of those stakeholders that may not be able to engage in that same manner.

22 SCOR IIOE-2 Science Plan Development Committee! Commissioned and funded by SCOR in April, 2014! Members (nominated and confirmed): Raleigh Hood, Biological oceanography, USA Greg Cowie, Organic Ocean chemistry, UK Lynnath Beckley, Fisheries oceanography, Australia Makio Honda, Biogeochemistry, Japan Weidong Yu, Physical oceanography, China Sunil Singh, Chemical oceanography, India Lisa Beal, Physical oceanography, USA Hermann Bange, Chemical oceanography and air-sea interactions, Germany Frank Peeters, Paleoceanography, Netherlands Juliet Hermes, Physical Oceanography, South Africa! IOC Representative: Nick D Adamo, IOC Regional Program Office in Perth, WA

23 SCOR IIOE-2 Science Plan Development Committee Terms of Reference:! Create a coordinated research plan for the international study of the Indian Ocean in ;! Use whenever possible the products of the 2013/14 Reference Group meetings and integrate the plans of individual participating countries;! Draft an initial document by the 1st of September 2014 and a completed document by the 1st of March 2015;! Determine how to engage a broader group of countries in creating the final research plan. Draft IIOE-2 Science Plan Expected for SCOR meeting in Bremen in September 2014

24 Summary of National IIOE-2 Efforts:! India: IIOE-2 National Organizing Committee formed and met in April 2013 (Nayak, Naqvi, et al.)! Japan: Hosted and convened first EIOURI workshop, co-leading EIOURI, research cruises planned (Masumoto, Honda, JAMSTEC)! Germany: IIOE-2 Organizational Meeting Convened, January 2014 (Visbeck, Bange, et al.)! Indonesia: Delegation sent to the USA in February 2014 with strong emphasis on IIOE-2, ship support committed to the effort (Arifin, Susanto, et al.)! China: Hosted and Convened EIOURI-2 and RG-2 meetings, and leading EIOURI effort, research cruises planned (Weidong Yu, SOA)! Australia: IOC Perth Office hosting IIOE-2 website, secretariat proposed (D Adamo), 110E repeat line proposal submitted (Beckley), strong backing from UWA/IOMRC (Duarte), convened Western Australia Forum in Perth, April 16, 2014 (Beckley and D Adamo)! Mauritius: Hosted and Convened RG-3 meeting with strong SWIO representation including South Africa (Badal, Roberts, D Adamo)! US: OSB/NAS informed and updated (x2), Proto-organizing committee met at 2014 Ocean Sciences Meeting, Town Hall Meeting at 2014 AGU meeting in San Francisco planned! UK: IIOE-2 Organizational meeting convened in late March (Burkill, Cowie, et al.)! Thailand: Hosted EIOURI writing workshop in mid-apri 2014 (Khokiattiwong, Yu, et al.) Strong interest expressed by all and growing

25 Quick IIOE-2 chronology expected / hoped for: 2014 Planned: July, 47 th IOC Exec Council Meeting. IIOE-2 item. Seek IOC to adopt as a program/resolution, find or motivate resources to support, etc Planned: July- August, SCOR IIOE-2 Science Plan Development Committee develops a draft science plan for the IIOE Planned: Sept SCOR workshop in Bremen. Bring together the research communities from the major oceanographic nations to share and coordinate research plans. Present a draft Science Plan for IIOE Planned: March 1, IIOE-2 Science Plan Completed Aspiration is to have an IIOE-2 program with a November 2015 launch event coinciding with:! NIO/SCOR Goa 50 th Anniversary Symposium, and complementary:! Integrated meetings of IOGOOS-12 / IOP-12 / SIBR-6 / IRF-6! Launch of East (and West?) IO Upwelling Research Initiatives! IOP/SIBER Summer School in summer of 2016 at NIO Final Open Science Conference, The IIOE-2 legacy to be addressed.

26 Hood, R. R., M. J. McPhaden, and E. Urban, 2014: The Second International Indian Ocean Expedition (IIOE-2). Eos, Trans. Am. Geophys. Union, in press. 26

27 thank you

28 A working opera>ng / governance structure for IIOE- 2 IIOE-2 Sci Ref Group Co-Chairs R Hood & N D Adamo Members IOGOOS, IOC, SCOR... + representatives of the broadworking group constituency below TBA CRUISE COORDINATION NOAA SOA MoES JAMSTEC etc SYMPOSIA IOGOOS12+IOP12+SIBER6+IRF6 SCOR, IMBER, etc DATA IODE, BCO-DMO, EMII etc HIGH LEVEL INSTITUTIONS IORA, COI, ICSU, FUTURE EARTH IOCINDIO & IOC RSBs IIOE-2 Steering Committee (IOC: Bhikajee + SCOR: Burkill IIOE-2 Functions SPECIAL IIOE-2 EVENT NIO/SCOR GOA 50 th Anniversary Symposium Organising Committee SCOR + IOC + others TBA CAPACITY BUILDING Summer schools, education, on-board, regional training workshops, exchange, etc COMMUNICATION & OUTREACH Media, TV, docos, journals, talks, briefing notes, etc KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER IOGOOS, SEAGOOS, WIOMSA, LMEs, SANCOR ETC NATIONAL COMMITTEES India, China, Indonesia etc STRATEGIC SCIENCE Major science associations etc RESEARCH PROJECTS Eg Upwelling/EIOURI Modelling Phytoplankton Geophysics Acidification Climate etc IIOE-2 SECRETARIAT Cross-servicing role IOC HQ (Global intergovernmental coordination) + IOC Perth (Regional Operational Coordination) + IO Sub- Regional Operational Nodes

29 Eastern Indian Ocean Upwelling Initiative (EIOUI): An Emerging IIOE-2 Process Study/Expedition! Upwelling as a unifying IIOE-2 theme, basin wide relevancy! Also a CLIVAR interdisciplinary initiative! links science societal benefit (upwelling, fisheries, etc.)! IOP and SIBER developing this theme for IIOE-2! Two workshops convened so far in 2013! Writing workshop scheduled (April 9-12, 2014)! Final workshop scheduled (IMBER OSC meeting, June 23-27)

30 Fresh Water Inputs Monsoon BoB Circulations Heat Flux Question raised/ discussed Develop a complementary Western Research Initiative? Sri Lanka Dome Equatorial Upwelling Barrier Layer Annual Cycle Mixed layer dynamics Subsurface nutrient supply Nitrogen Cycle Intraseasonal Kelvin Wave Eastern pole of IOD Ecosystem dynamic Plankton behavior Sumatra Upwelling Tuna spawning area Java Upwelling Indonesian Throughflow NW Australia shelf region Ningaloo Nino/Nina Primary/Net production Leeuwin Current Meso-scale Eddies

31 Fresh Water Inputs Monsoon BoB Circulations Heat Flux EIOUI Sri Lanka Dome Intraseasonal Kelvin Wave East Indian Ocean Upwelling Initiative Equatorial Upwelling Barrier Layer Annual Cycle Mixed layer dynamics Subsurface nutrient supply Nitrogen Cycle Eastern pole of IOD Ecosystem dynamic Plankton behavior Sumatra Upwelling Tuna spawning area Java Upwelling Indonesian Throughflow NW Australia shelf region Ningaloo Nino/Nina Primary/Net production Leeuwin Current Meso-scale Eddies