Organised Phonology Data
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1 Organised Phonology Data Melpa (Meldpa) Language [MED] Mt. Hagen Western Highlands Province Trans New Guinea Phylum; East New Guinea Highlands Stock; Central (Chimbu) Family; Hagen Subfamily Population census: 128,000 [69,000+59,000] (1981) Major villages: Ogelbang, Kumba, Avi, Tega, Mt Hagen Linguistic work done by: Lutheran, SIL Data checked by: Al Stucky (1994) Phonemic and Orthographic Inventory b d d e i j k ld l m n n a mb,mp nd,nt nd,nt e g,ngg,ng i i y k lt,ld l m n n ng A Mb Nd Nd E G,Ng I I Y K Ld L Ç M N N Ng o p r t t u w o p r t t u u w O P R T T U U Â W Consonants Bilab LabDen Dental Alveo Postalv Retro Palatal Velar Uvular Pharyn Glottal Plosive p t t k Nasal m n n Trill Tap/Flap Fricative Lateral Fricative Approx Lateral Approx Ejective Stop Implos r l j / b/ / d/ / / voiced prenasalised bilabial plosive voiced prenasalised alveolar plosive voiced prenasalised velar plosive / d / voiced prenasalised dental plosive /w/ /dl / voiced labial-velar approximant alveolar - dental cluster
2 Melpa (Meldpa) OPD Printed: August 27, 2004 Page 2 p pa 'you go!' kupa 'cloud' op 'yams' n nun 'you gave' ana 'brother' nun 'you gave' b mba kumba omp m ma koma om 'he will go' 'door' 'sugar cane' 'mother' 'cool' 'he is coming' r rapa 'men's house' ara 'name' kur 'spirit' l lala 'to sob' p la 'you two go' mil 'trap' w wu 'man' ruwa 'banana' t tin 'you took it' keta 'mouth' t 'cold' d ndi manda ant 'hair' 'close to' 'sun' n n k 'they talked' mana 'down' k n 'and' t towa 'big' wuta 'father' ekit omba 'he will come outside' d nde nonda punt 'tree' 'mushroom' 'I am going' awa 'wrong' pa a 'fence' mu 'egg' ld ldapa ld m ld 'torn' 'other side' 'to dance singsing' k kaža 'you cook' paka 'posts' ak 'person's name' ngu mang panga nun 'gave' kanim 'son' kan 'boy' j ya 'here' uiyo 'you come!' 'teeth' 'insect ruined sweet potatoe' 'inside of pandanus' Vowels i u e o i ip 'salt' kitum 'intestine' ki 'hand' e elim 'he,she' petum 'it's staying' nde 'tree' - pipil 'shame' and 'sun' kanapa 'corn' namba 'what?'
3 Melpa (Meldpa) OPD Printed: August 27, 2004 Page 3 u utuma 'tomorrow' kumb 'young' ku 'stones' i aiya kraipa kai 'sister,brother' 'lightning' 'good' t enim 'it's cold' m ra 'good smell' mb 'plural' o owa 'dog' mon 'fruit' mbo 'seed' ui uiyo puiyo ui i i p iyo k i 'you come!' 'all the people' 'time' 'tail' 'you all go!' 'bird' und 'before' wuta 'father' - oi oi.enim goimba boi ninim 'laugh' 'grasshopper' 'something falls down' ei ei 'this' wei 'very' ou oundpa krou 'plenty' 'empty' /ei/ / i/ /oi/ /ui/ / i/ /ou/ Suprasegmentals (tone, stress, length) In verbs the stress falls on the first / / or first syllable of singular person number of the present and past tenses. In the future tense and dual and plural person number of the present and past tenses the stress falls on the final syllable. In all other words, the stress falls on the first / / or diphthong or first syllable if there is none of these. Syllable Patterns V i 'like this' o.ka 'sweet potato' VV ei 'this' ai.ya 'sister/brother' VC op 'yam' el.pa 'different' ki d 'finger nail' VVC aim 'milk' CV ku 'stone' ne.ma 'louse' e.pi.nda.ma 'afternoon' ka.na.pa 'corn' CVV rui 'axe' ngoi.mba 'grasshopper' mu.l i 'you all stay' CVC kun 'straight' mor.mun 'we are staying' na.nim 'myself' CVVC koip 'obedient' r.laip 'line of people' CCVV krai.pa 'lightning' CC kng 'pig'
4 Melpa (Meldpa) OPD Printed: August 27, 2004 Page 4 Conventions: Phonological The vowel [ ] is pronounced [ ] in unstressed syllables. The prenasalized phonemes / b/, / d/, / d / and / / are voiceless when they occur word finally. Conventions: Orthographic The phonemes /i/ and / / are both written <i>, and the phonemes /u/ and / / are both written <u>. The allophones of the phoneme / b/ are written <mb> and <mp> respectively. The phonemes alveolar /t/ and dental /t / are both written <t>. The allophones of the phoneme / d/ are written <nd> and <nt> respectively. The dental phoneme / d / is written <nd>. The allophones of the phoneme / / are written <g>, <ngg> and <ngk>. The phonemes alveolar /n/ dental /n / and velar / / are all written <n>. The allophones of /ld/ are written <ld> and <lt> respectively. Transcription of a recorded passage / m u d kor k wu k t b kin n ni pikil puru puk b kin n m n il moru puk molk k n b kin n n t kin n n k mo in l kon ei j no d r b pilp itim i eli k n k wu b eni b ro u k n m n m rukin bil elp elp ur pet k wu m t b kin n n k moru i eli in ro im pu di ni w b ei j o b bu ti wur il mo p b ei j kin n nitim i eli elim bo k wu mel r p k n kin n ni b murum k wu ti ndi kur ei j k dp bi dup k n ni b mel ni m il n bu itin un nitim kur ei j ni b mel n b kin n ni b n b unt ei k wote bo k w u ei j di ni b mel nim m d kel k n pi nitim ro im pu di ni w b ei j o b b etp mel bu ti rop ko dp tep purum ei j mel m d / < Ama unt kor nga kang wu kat amp kinan ning pikil purung. Puk amp kinan manga ila morung. Puk molk k n amp kinan n t ng. Kinan n k, mo ina al kona ei ya nondpa rangmba pilpa itim. I elinga k n, kang wu mb enimp ro unga k n, mana manga rukina mbila elpa elpa ur pet ng. Kang wu mat amp kinan n k morung i elingina Ro im Pundi ni wamp ei ya, omba ambu a ti nga wur ila mo pa, amp ei ya kinan nitim. I elinga elim mbo kang wu mel ra pa k n, kinan nimba murum. Kang wu ti ndi kur ei ya kandpa mbi Ndupa k n nimba mel, "Nim ila nambu itin un?" nitim. Kur ei ya nimba mel, "Na amp kinan nimp n mp unt, ei ka!" Wote mbo kang wu ei ya ndi nimba mel, "Nim manda kel k n pi." nitim. Ro im Pundi ni wamp ei ya omba mba etpa mel ambu a ti ropa kondpa tepa purum. Ei ya mel manda.> 'Long time ago some men from my village went in order to turn head with some girls. They kept turning head until midnight. The kept on staying and the women sang turning head. Singing, some men were still half asleep on the floor. But some of them kept on turning head with some girls. Right at that time, a devil called Pundi was there sitting near a girl and started to turn head with her. They did not know it was a devil because he pretended to be a real man and stayed. There was one man who watching him realized who he was, and said to him, "Why did you come here?" The spirit then said, "I came to turn head with those girls." So the real man told Ro im Pundi that he could leave now. So he got up and came outside and he killed on girl and then went away. That's the story. '
5 Melpa (Meldpa) OPD Printed: August 27, 2004 Page 5 Bibliography Stucky, Al Manuscripts. SIL, Ukarumpa.
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