Anu-ano ang mga bahagi ng respiratory system? ANG RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
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- Winfred Malone
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2 ANG RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Mga Layunin: Alamin ang gamit ng respiratory system Alamin ang mga bahagi ng respiratory system at ang kaukulang gamit ng bawat isa sa paghinga at sa palitan ng hangin Matunton kung papaano nito pinoprotektahan ang kanyang sarili mula sa mga dumi sa kapaligiran Ano ang gamit ng repiratory system? Ang respiratory system ang nagdadala ng oxygen (O 2 ) papasok sa ating katawan at siya rin namang nag-aalis ng carbon dioxide (CO 2 ). Ang oxygen ay mabuting hangin na nagbibigay sa ating katawan ng enerhiya o lakas habang ang carbon dioxide naman ay maduming hangin na ating inilalabas. Anu-ano ang mga bahagi ng respiratory system? Ang respiratory system ay binubuo ng ilong, trakea, pangunahing bronchi, baga at mga masel sa paghinga tulad ng nasa butuhan ng dibdib at diaphragm. Paano pumapasok ang hangin sa ating katawan? Ang oxygen ay nilalanghap natin sa ilong o maging sa bibig. Ang ilong ang nagsisilbing filter upang masala ang mga di kanais-nais na alikabok at usok. Ang ilong din ang nagpapainit at nagdadagdag ng moisture sa hanging pumapasok. Sa pagkakataong mas maraming hangin ang kinakailangan, mas malaking naitutulong ng paghinga sa bibig. Ito ay madalas na ginanagamit kapg nag-eehersisyo. trakea bronhioles bronhus ilong alveoli trakea baga diaphragm Ang Respiratory System Ang Daanan ng Hangin Ang daanan ng hangin ay anyo ng nakabaliktad na puno at ng mga sanga nito. Mula sa ilong o bibig, ang hangin ay dumadaloy pababa sa trakea. Ito ay isang malaking tubo ng daanan ng hangin malapit sa ating leeg. Ang trakea ay naghihiwalay sa dalawang bronhi, tig-isa papunta sa kanan at kaliwang bahagi ng ating baga. Ang bawat bronchi naman ay nag- hihiwalay pa sa mas maliliit na tubong daanan ng hangin na tinatawag na mga bronchioles.
3 Ang bawat bronchiole naman ay nagtatapos sa mga maliliit na air sacs o alveoli kung tawagin. Ang mga alveoli ay napapaligiran ng mga maliliit na ugat (capillaries). Ang oxygen na laman ng mga alveoli ay lumilipat sa mga maliliit na ugat na ito na nagsisilbing daanan ng dugo at siya namang dinadala patungo sa iba t ibang bahagi ng ating katawan. Ang carbon dioxide naman mula sa mga maliliit na ugat ay lumilipat patungo sa mga alveoli at ito naman ang hanging inilalabas ng ating katawan kapag humihinga palabas. Ito ang tinatawag na palitan ng hangin o gas exchange. hangin ang baga. Ito ay tinatawag na inhalation o inspiration. Kapag nag-relax na ito, ang baga naman ay naglalabas ng hangin. Ito ay tinatawag na exhalation o expiration. Ang baga, tulad ng pag-ihip ng lobo, ay nangangailangan ng enerhiya upang maglagay o humigop ng hangin ngunit hindi naman nangangailangan nito kapag naglalabas ng hangin. Ang iba pang masel na ginagamit sa paghinga ay mga masel sa buto ng dibdib at masel sa leeg o scalene muscle. Kung kinakailangan ay maaari ring gamitin ang iba pang mga masel ng leeg at balikat. Papaano pino-protektahan ng baga ang sarili mula sa dumi sa kapaligiran? Una ang ilong na nagsisilbing filter ng maruruming elemento kapag humihigop ng hangin. Ang nalanghap na dumi ay Air sacs o alveoli Palitan ng hangin Ang normal na baga ay naglalaman ng mahigit sa 300 milyong alveoli. Kung ito nga ay bubuksan, maisusukat ito na kasing laki ng isang tennis court. Ang malaking lapad nito ang siyang nagbibigay ng makabuluhang palitan ng hangin. Anu-anong masel ang tumutulong sa paghinga? Maraming masel ang ginagamit sa paghinga. Ang pinakamalaki at pinakamahalaga sa mga ito ay ang diaphragm. Ito ang masel sa ilalim ng baga na naghihiwalay sa dibdib mula sa mga kalamnan ng tiyan. Kapag pumapatag o bumababa ang diaphragm, humihigop ng Ang pagprotekta ng baga sa sarili
4 dumidikit sa manipis na sapin ng mga tubong daanan ng hangin na mucus (dura o plema). Ang mga tubo ay may sapin din na maliliit na buhok na tinatawag na cilia na siya namang nagwawalis o nagdadala ng nahuling dumi papunta sa lalamunan para malunok. permanenteng pagkasira ng mga daanan ng hangin na nagpapahirap sa maayos na pagdaloy sa paghinga. Paninigarilyo ang pangunahing sanhi ng COPD. Pangalawa ang pag-ubo. Ito ay isang pangkaraniwang pangyayari kapag naiirita ng dumi ang mga daanan ng hangin. Mas mabilis maaalis ng pag-ubo ang dumi kaysa sa pagdadala ng mga cilia. Pangatlo, ang mga daanan ng hangin ay nababalot din ng mga maliliit na tumpok ng masel. Kapag may nahuling dumi at naiirita, humihigpit ang mga masel na ito at nagsisikip ang daanan ng hangin upang masiguradong hindi makakapasok ang dumi sa baga. Ito ay tinatawag na bronchospasm or broncho-constriction. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD) Mga Layunin: Maipaliwanag ang kahulugan ng chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Malaman na ang paninigarilyo ang pinaka madalas na sanhi ng COPD Maipaliwanag kung paano nagkakaroon ng COPD at ang mga sintomas ng sakit na ito Malaman na ang COPD ay isang patuloy at di naitutuwid na sakit na pangunahing sanhi ng kamatayan Matunton na ang pinakamahalagang pag-iwas sa COPD ay ang pag-iwas sa pagsimula ng paninigarilyo Dalawang sakit ang pangkaraniwang bumubuo ng COPD. Ito ang chronic bronchitis at emphysema. Ang chronic bronchitis ay ang pamamaga at paninikip ng mga maliliit at malalaking tubong daanan ng hangin. Ang mga cilia ay sira na kung kaya t namumuo at kumakapal ang mucus o plema. Ang mga ito ang humhadlang sa maayos na pagdaloy ng mabuting hangin papunta sa baga. Ano ang Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)? Ang chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) ay ang pangmatagalan at Daanan ng hangin sa Chronic Bronchitis
5 Ang emphysema ay ang permanenteng pagkasira ng mga dingding ng air sacs o alveoli. Dahil dito ay nawala na ang normal na anyo nito na madaling mabanat para maka-ipon ng mabuting hangin. Ang normal na anyo nito ay maihahalintulad sa isang lobo na madaling hipan. Dahil sa emphysema, nangangailangan tuloy ng higit na enerhiya o lakas upang mapalobo ang mga air sacs o alveoli ng mabuting hangin gayun din upang mailabas nito ang naipong masamang hangin. Dahil sa naipong hangin ay nagkakaroon tuloy ng hyperinflation o air trapping. Ito ang nagpapahirap sa baga upang maayos na maganap ang palitan ng hangin. Nagkukulang tuloy ang mabuting hangin na oxygen na pumapasok sa baga at naiipon naman ang maduming hangin na carbon dioxide na hindi kumpletong mailabas. Ito ang dahilan kung bakit ang taong may COPD ay kinakapos sa paghinga at mabilis mahapo. Usok at polusyon sa hangin Ang paninigarilyo ang pinakamadalas na sanhi ng COPD. Ang pag-pipipa, pagtatabako at iba pang pamamaraan ng paninigarilyo ay nagdudulot din ng COPD. Daanan ng hangin sa Emphysema Anu-ano ang mga sanhi ng COPD? Ang paglanghap ng mga dumi sa hangin tulad ng usok ang nagdudulot ng labis na pagkapal ng mucus sa mga tubong daanan ng hangin na siya namang nagdudulot ng pamamaga nito. Maaaring magka-copd sa palaging paglanghap ng mga ito sa loob ng mahabang panahon o kaya nama y sa paglanghap ng madaming dumi sa loob naman ng mas maikling panahon. Paninigarilyo Ang paglanghap ng usok ng sigarilyo ng iba o second hand smoke ay sanhi din ng
6 COPD. Kaya kahit hindi naninigarilyo ay maaari ding magka-copd. Ang mga kasambahay ng mga taong naninigarilyo ay maaari ding magka-copd. Paglanghap ng usok ng sigarilyo ng iba Ang mga dumi sa kapaligiran tulad ng usok at alikabok sa trabaho, kemikal at polusyon ng hangin ay maaari ding magdulot ng COPD. Mayroon din namang nagkaka-copd na hindi naninigarilyo o walang karanasan sa paglanghap ng masasamang usok. Ang kadahilanan nito ay hindi pa labis na napag-aralan ngunit sinasabing maaaring may koneksyon ito sa pagkamana o heredity o genetics. Anu-ano ang mga senyales at sintomas ng COPD? Ang mga sintomas ng COPD ay ang mga sumusunod: ubo, sobrang plema, kapos sa paghinga, humuhuni sa paghinga o wheezing, pagkahapo at paninikip ng dibdib. Ang patuloy at di nawawalang ubo at pagdami ng plema ang pinakamadalas na sintomas ng COPD. Taon pa ang mabibilang mula sa pagkakaroon ng mga sintomas na ito bago pa magkaroon ng kapos sa paghinga. Ang mga sintomas na ito ang nakakasagabal at nakakahadlang sa mga pang-araw-araw na gawain ng taong may COPD. Dahil sa patuloy pang paglala ng mga sintomas na ito ay labis nilang ikinalulungkot ang mga limitasyon sa kanilang mga gawain. Mga sintomas ng COPD: pag-ubo, sobrang plema, pagkahapo at paninikip ng dibdib Maduming hangin sa kapaligiran Ang sakit na COPD ay may dahandahang paglala kaya t taon pa ang mabibilang bago mapansin ang mga sintomas nito. Kadalasan nga itong nakikita sa mga may edad 40 at pataas.
7 Maaari bang mawala ang COPD? Ang lala ng sintomas ng COPD ay depende sa dami ng sirang nagawa nito sa baga. Kung mas marami at mas matagal ang paninigarilyo mas mabilis ang pagkasira ng baga. Ang sirang nagawa sa baga ay hindi maaaring maisaayos o maibalik sa dating anyo at gamit. Walang gamot sa COPD. Ang COPD ay pang-habang buhay. Ang pagtigil sa paninigarilyo ang tanging magpapabagal sa paglala nito. Paano maiiwasan at magagamot ang COPD? Ang pagtigil sa paninigarilyo ang pinaka-mahalagang bagay na makapagpapabagal ng paglala ng COPD. Iwasan ang mga lugar at gawaing nakalalanghap ng masasamang usok at magsuot ng proteksyon sa ilong at bibig sa lugar ng trabaho kung kinakailangan. Itigil ang Paninigarilyo Ang sirang nagawa sa baga ay hindi maaaring maisaayos o maibalik sa dating anyo at gamit. Walang gamot sa COPD. Bakit mahalagang matutunan ang sakit na COPD? Ang COPD ay isang ganap na suliraning pangkalusugan. Ito ang pang-4 sa mga nakamamatay at nakakabaldadong sakit sa buong mundo. Sa Pilipinas, ang COPD ang pang-7 sa mga pangunahing sanhi ng pagkamatay ayon sa Department of Health. Hinahadlangan ng COPD ang maayos at makabuluhang pamumuhay ng isang pasyente kaya t mahalagang ito ay mapag-aralan upang ang sakit na ito ay maiwasan. Payo ng doctor na tumigil sa p aninigarilyo. Sila rin ay nagbibigay ng gamot upang lumuwag ang mga tubong daanan ng hangin (bronchodilators), maalis ang pamamaga nito (anti-inflammatory) at magamot ang anumang impeksyon (antibiotics). Ang mga gamot na ito ang nagbibigay lunas sa paninikip ng mga daanan ng hangin. Upang makontrol ang COPD ay kailangang araw-araw ang gamutan at ito y maaaraing pang-habang buhay. Sa mga mayroong mas malalang sintomas pa ay nagbibigay din ng oxygen. Bronchodilators, anti-inflammatory agents at antibiotics
8 Sa kasalukuyan ay walang gamot upang maibalik ang nasirang bronchi at air sacs dala ng COPD. Ang pagkasira sa mga ito ay permanente o pangmatagalan. Mahalagang malaman na may mga support groups at Pulmonary Rehabilitation Programs na tumutulong sa mga may COPD. Naibabahagi dito ang angkop na pagtugon sa mga pisikal, emosyonal at sikolohikal na pangangailangan ng mga taong may COPD. Tumutulong din ang mga ito at sumusuporta sa kampanya upang tumigil sa paninigarilyo. Tama o Mali 6. Chronic bronchitis ang tawag sa pagkasira ng dingding ng mga alveoli na nagdudulot ng air trapping o hyperinflation. 7. Paninigarilyo ang pangunahing sanhi ng COPD. 8. Ang paglanghap ng usok ng sigarilyo ng iba ay sanhi din ng COPD. 9. Ang pagkasira ng baga sa COPD ay maibabalik sa dating anyo at gamit. 10. Ang pagtigil sa paninigarilyo ang pinakamahalaga upang maiwasan at mabawasan ang paglala ng COPD. Mga Sanggunian: American Thoracic Society Patient education Materials; COPD Statement: Patient Education Section; Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) Executive Summary, National Institute of Health, national Heart, Lung and Blood Institute GABAY SA PAG-AARAL Punan ang patlang. 1. ang mabuting hangin na nagbibigay enerhiya sa katawan. ang masamang hangin na inilalabas ng katawan. 2. ang malaking tubong daanan ng hanging malapit sa leeg na nagdudugtong sa ilong at sa mga maliliit pang tubong daanan ng hangin. 3. Ang paraan ng paglipat ng oxygen mula sa alveoli patungo sa mga maliliit na ugat at paglipat ng carbon dioxide mula sa mga ugat patungo sa mga alveoli ay tinatawag na. 4. ang tawag sa maliliit na buhok na sumasapin sa mga tubong daanan ng hangin na nagwawalis ng nahuling dumi papunta sa lalamunan. 5. Ang kahulugan ng COPD ay. National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute; Mga Larawan: Bodyworks 3.0 by Softkey International Inc Mga Sagot: (1) Oxygen, Carbon dioxide (2)Trakea (3) gas exchange (4) Cilia (5) Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (6) Mali (7) Tama (8) Tama (9) Mali (10) Tama
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