Chapter 19. Condensation and Conjugate Addition Reactions of Carbonyl Compounds. More Chemistry of Enolates. Ch. 19-1

Chapter 22 Carbonyl Alpha-Substitution Reactions

John E. McMurry www.cengage.com/chemistry/mcmurry Chapter 22 Carbonyl Alpha-Substitution Reactions The α Position The carbon next to the carbonyl group is designated as being in the α position Electrophilic

ALCOHOLS: Properties & Preparation

ALLS: Properties & Preparation General formula: R-, where R is alkyl or substitued alkyl. Ar-: phenol - different properties. Nomenclature 1. ommon names: Name of alkyl group, followed by word alcohol.

The Aldol Condensation

The Aldol ondensation Synthesis and Analysis of 2,3,4,5-Tetraphenylcyclopentadienone Yakety Sax Bennie ill theme song TPP eactions of Aldehydes and Ketones ' 1. Nucleophilic Addition. 2. Substitution at

Carboxylic Acid Derivatives and Nitriles

Carboxylic Acid Derivatives and itriles Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: There are really only four things to worry about under this heading; acid chlorides, anhydrides, esters and amides. We ll start with

Writing a Correct Mechanism

Chapter 2 1) Balancing Equations Writing a Correct Mechanism 2) Using Arrows to show Electron Movement 3) Mechanisms in Acidic and Basic Media 4) Electron rich Species: Nucleophile or Base? 5) Trimolecular

Aldehydes can react with alcohols to form hemiacetals. 340 14. Nucleophilic substitution at C=O with loss of carbonyl oxygen

340 14. Nucleophilic substitution at C= with loss of carbonyl oxygen Ph In Chapter 13 we saw this way of making a reaction go faster by raising the energy of the starting material. We also saw that the

Carbonyl Chemistry (12 Lectures)

arbonyl hemistry (12 Lectures) Aim of ourse Professor Donna G. Blackmond d.blackmond@imperial.ac.uk tel. 41193 oom 639 1 To build upon elements of Dr E.. Smith s and Dr. D.. Braddocks s course. To introduce

ammonium salt (acidic)

Chem 360 Jasperse Ch. 19 otes. Amines 1 eactions of Amines 1. eaction as a proton base (Section 19-5 and 19-6) amine base -X (proton acid) a X ammonium salt (acidic) Mechanism: equired (protonation) everse

Prof. Dr. Burkhard König, Institut für Organische Chemie, Uni Regensburg 1. Enolate Chemistry

Prof. Dr. Burkhard König, Institut für rganische Chemie, Uni Regensburg 1 1. Some Basics Enolate Chemistry In most cases the equilibrium lies almost completely on the side of the ketone. The ketone tautomer

for excitation to occur, there must be an exact match between the frequency of the applied radiation and the frequency of the vibration

! = 1 2"c k (m + M) m M wavenumbers! =!/c = 1/" wavelength frequency! units: cm 1 for excitation to occur, there must be an exact match between the frequency of the applied radiation and the frequency

RESONANCE, USING CURVED ARROWS AND ACID-BASE REACTIONS

RESONANCE, USING CURVED ARROWS AND ACID-BASE REACTIONS A STUDENT SHOULD BE ABLE TO: 1. Properly use curved arrows to draw resonance structures: the tail and the head of every arrow must be drawn in exactly

Chapter 11 Homework and practice questions Reactions of Alkyl Halides: Nucleophilic Substitutions and Eliminations

Chapter 11 Homework and practice questions Reactions of Alkyl Halides: Nucleophilic Substitutions and Eliminations SHORT ANSWER Exhibit 11-1 Circle your response in each set below. 1. Circle the least

But in organic terms: Oxidation: loss of H 2 ; addition of O or O 2 ; addition of X 2 (halogens).

Reactions of Alcohols Alcohols are versatile organic compounds since they undergo a wide variety of transformations the majority of which are either oxidation or reduction type reactions. Normally: Oxidation

Carboxylic Acid Structure and Chemistry: Part 2

Principles of Drug Action 1, pring 2005, Carboxylic Acids Part 2 Carboxylic Acid tructure and Chemistry: Part 2 Jack Deuiter IV. eactions of the Carboxylic Acid eactions Depending on their overall structure,

Wittig Reaction - Phosphorous Ylides

Wittig eaction - osphorous Ylides 3 P CC 3 3 C ylide tereoselectivity increases as the size of increases cis-olefin is derived from non-stabilized ylides Mechanism: Irreversible [22] cycloaddition P 3

22.7 ALKYLATION OF ESTER ENOLATE IONS

1084 CHAPTER THE CHEMITRY F ENLATE IN, ENL, AND a,b-unaturated CARBNYL CMPUND H H CA CL CoA + enol form of acetyl-coa _ C N NH acetyl-coa carboxylase H H R H carboxybiotin HN NH _ LC LCH LCLCoA + H H malonyl-coa

26.7 Terpenes: The Isoprene Rule

26.7 Terpenes: The Isoprene Rule Terpenes Terpenes are natural products that are structurally related to isoprene. CH 3 H 2 C C CH CH 2 or Isoprene (2-methyl methyl-1,3-butadiene) Terpenes Myrcene (isolated

California State Polytechnic University, Pomona. Exam Points 1. Nomenclature (1) 30

Chem 316 Final Exam Winter, 2008 Beauchamp ame: Topic Total Points Exam Points 1. omenclature (1) 30 Credit 2. Explanation of elative eactivities of Aromatic 20 Compounds or Carbonyl Compounds 3. eactions

Name. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry SUNY/Oneonta. Chem 322 - Organic Chemistry II Examination #2 - March 14, 2005 ANSWERS

Name INSTRUTINS --- Department of hemistry and Biochemistry SUNY/neonta hem 322 - rganic hemistry II Examination #2 - March 14, 2005 ANSWERS This examination has two parts. Part I is in multiple choice

EXPERIMENT 5: DIPEPTIDE RESEARCH PROJECT

EXPERIMENT 5: DIPEPTIDE RESEARCH PROJECT Pre-Lab Questions: None. 64 I. Background Information DIPEPTIDE RESEARCH PROJECT Methods developed by organic chemists for the synthesis of biopolymers have had

Mass Spec - Fragmentation

Mass Spec - Fragmentation An extremely useful result of EI ionization in particular is a phenomenon known as fragmentation. The radical cation that is produced when an electron is knocked out of a neutral

Determining the Structure of an Organic Compound

Determining the Structure of an Organic Compound The analysis of the outcome of a reaction requires that we know the full structure of the products as well as the reactants In the 19 th and early 20 th

21.9 REDUCTION OF CARBOXYLIC ACID DERIVATIVES

10 APTER 1 TE EMITRY F ARBXYLI AID DERIVATIVE TUDY GUIDE LIK 1.5 Esters and ucleophiles 1.17 Give the structure of the product in the reaction of each of the following esters with isotopically labeled

Reactions of Aldehydes and Ketones

Reactions of Aldehydes and Ketones Structure Deduction using lassification Tests 1 Determination of Structure Determining the structure of an unknown organic compound is an exercise in deductive reasoning.

HOMEWORK PROBLEMS: IR SPECTROSCOPY AND 13C NMR. The peak at 1720 indicates a C=O bond (carbonyl). One possibility is acetone:

HMEWRK PRBLEMS: IR SPECTRSCPY AND 13C NMR 1. You find a bottle on the shelf only labeled C 3 H 6. You take an IR spectrum of the compound and find major peaks at 2950, 1720, and 1400 cm -1. Draw a molecule

Avg. 16.4 / 25 Stnd. Dev. 8.2

QUIZ TREE Avg. 16.4 / 25 Stnd. Dev. 8.2 xidation of Alcohols with Chromium (VI): Jones xidation 2 Alcohols are oxidized by a solution of chromium trioxide in aqueous acetone (2), in the presence of an

Assessment Schedule 2013 Chemistry: Demonstrate understanding of the properties of organic compounds (91391)

NCEA Level 3 Chemistry (91391) 2013 page 1 of 8 Assessment Schedule 2013 Chemistry: Demonstrate understanding of the properties of organic compounds (91391) Evidence Statement Q Evidence Achievement Achievement

Brønsted-Lowry Acids and Bases

Brønsted-Lowry Acids and Bases 1 According to Brønsted and Lowry, an acid-base reaction is defined in terms of a proton transfer. By this definition, the reaction of Cl in water is: Cl(aq) + Cl (aq) +

Reactions of Fats and Fatty Acids

Reactions of Fats and Fatty Acids Outline Fats and Oils Fatty Acid Biosynthesis Biodiesel Homework We hear quite a lot about the place of fats and oils in human nutrition. Foods high in fat are at the

Willem Elbers. October 9, 2015

S N 1 and S N 2 reactivity of 3 alkyl bromides Willem Elbers ctober 9, 2015 1 Abstract n this experiment, we investigate the relative reactivities of three alkyl bromides with increasing steric bulk. We

Conjugation is broken completely by the introduction of saturated (sp3) carbon:

Chapter 16 Conjugation, resonance, and dienes Conjugation relies on the partial overlap of p-orbitals on adjacent double or triple bonds. A common conjugated system involves 1,3-dienes, such as 1,3-butadiene.

CORK INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY INSTITIÚID TEICNEOLAÍOCHTA CHORCAÍ

CORK INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY INSTITIÚID TEICNEOLAÍOCHTA CHORCAÍ Module Title: Topics in Organic Chemistry Module Code: CHEO 7003 School : Science Programme Title: Bachelor of Science in Analytical & Pharmaceutical

The dipolar nature of acids

I. Introduction arboxylic Acid Structure and hemistry: Part 1 Jack Deuiter arboxylic acids are hydrocarbon derivatives containing a carboxyl () moiety. ecall that carbon has four valence electrons and

Aromaticity and Reactions of Benzene

Aromaticity and eactions of Benzene ark College Benzene is a unique molecule it is highly unsaturated with 6 carbons and 6 hydrogens, it is planar, and has a high degree of symmetry. These features explain

Addition Reactions of Carbon-Carbon Pi Bonds - Part 1

Addition eactions of arbon-arbon Pi Bonds - Part 1 3 δ+ 2 δ 3 3 3 + 2 3 2 3 What Is an Addition eaction? Addition reaction: Atoms or groups are added to opposite ends of a pi bond. X Y Why should I study

Kurs: Metallorganische Reagenzien. Cericammoniumnitrate (CAN)

Kurs: Metallorganische eagenzien Cericammoniumnitrate (CAN) by Laura Munoz Senovilla and Arthur Fedoseev. CAN as one-electronelectron oxidant CAN as one-electron electron oxidant Based on: Salt of high-valent

Chapter 5 Classification of Organic Compounds by Solubility

Chapter 5 Classification of Organic Compounds by Solubility Deductions based upon interpretation of simple solubility tests can be extremely useful in organic structure determination. Both solubility and

Acids and Bases. but we will use the term Lewis acid to denote only those acids to which a bond can be made without breaking another bond

Acids and Bases. Brønsted acids are proton donors, and Brønsted bases are proton acceptors. Examples of Brønsted acids: HCl, HBr, H 2 SO 4, HOH, H 3 O +, + NH 4, NH 3, CH 3 CO 2 H, H CH 2 COCH 3, H C CH,

2. Couple the two protected amino acids.

General Considerations The Strategy of Peptide Synthesis Making peptide bonds between amino acids is not difficult. The challenge is connecting amino acids in the correct sequence. andom peptide bond formation

Nucleophilic Substitution and Elimination

Nucleophilic Substitution and Elimination What does the term "nucleophilic substitution" imply? A nucleophile is an the electron rich species that will react with an electron poor species A substitution

Guide to Solving Sophomore Organic Synthesis Problems

Paul Bracher Chem 30 Synthesis eview Guide to Solving Sophomore rganic Synthesis Problems Disclaimer mission of a topic on this handout does not preclude that material from appearing on the final exam.

Unit Vocabulary: o Organic Acid o Alcohol. o Ester o Ether. o Amine o Aldehyde

Unit Vocabulary: Addition rxn Esterification Polymer Alcohol Ether Polymerization Aldehyde Fermentation Primary Alkane Functional group Saponification Alkene Halide (halocarbon) Saturated hydrocarbon Alkyne

CH 3 CH 2 ONa + H 2 O. CH 3 CH 2 NH 2 + CH 3 OLi

rganic Chemistry Jasperse Acid- Practice Problems A. Identify each chemical as either an acid or a base in the following reactions, and identify conjugate relationships. -You should have one acid and one

23.7 ALKYLATION AND ACYLATION REACTIONS OF AMINES

3.7 ALKYLATIN AND ACYLATIN REACTIN F AMINE 1131 organic phase organic phase organic phase CH 3 (CH ) 6 CH Br CH 3 (CH ) 6 CH Br CH 3 (CH ) 6 CH CN R 4 P Br R 4 P CN R 4 P Br Na CN Na Br Na Br aqueous phase

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution Reactions

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution Reactions, Course Notes Archive, 1 Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution Reactions An organic reaction in which an electrophile substitutes a hydrogen atom in an aromatic

pk a Values for Selected Compounds

Appendix A pk a Values for Selected ompounds ompound pk a ompound pk a I 10 Br 9 2 S 4 9 + 3 3 7.3 3 S 3 7 Br 4.0 4.2 3 4.3 2 N l 7 [( 3 ) 2 ] + 3.8 [ 3 2 ] + 2.5 3 + 1.7 3 S 3 1.2 + 3 N2 0.0 F 3 0.2 l

Previous lecture: Today:

Previous lecture: The energy requiring step from substrate to transition state is an energy barrier called the free energy of activation G Transition state is the unstable (10-13 seconds) highest energy

Benzene Benzene is best represented as a resonance hybrid:

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution (EAS) is a substitution reaction usually involving the benzene ring; more specifically it is a reaction in which the hydrogen atom of an aromatic ring is replaced as

2. Rank the following three compounds in decreasing order of basicity. O NHCCH 3 NH 2

1. To convert a nitrile to a primary amine you must: A) hydrolyze it with water. B) oxidize it with chromic acid. C) reduce it with hydrogen or lithium aluminum hydride. D) substitute it with an alkyl

3.4 BRØNSTED LOWRY ACIDS AND BASES

96 CAPTER 3 ACIDS AND BASES. TE CURVED-ARROW NOTATION and that the unshared electron pair (and negative charge) is shared equally by the two terminal carbons. C L C A C 1 allyl anion (c) Using the curved-arrow

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS Part 3: Syror och baser (Answers on page 18)

MULTIPLE CHICE QUESTINS Part 3: Syror och baser (Answers on page 18) Topic: Acid-Base Definitions 1. According to the Lewis definition, a base is a(n): A) Proton donor. B) Electron pair donor. C) Hydroxide

partial positive an acid is a hydrogen ion donor, or proton donor base is a hydrogen ion acceptor, or proton acceptor acidic protons acid base

INTRDUCTIN T INIC MECANISMS PART I: FUNDAMENTALS F BRNSTED-LWRY ACID-BASE CEMISTRY YDRGEN ATMS AND PRTNS IN RGANIC MLECULES - A hydrogen atom that has lost its only electron is sometimes referred to as

The Citric Acid Cycle

The itric Acid ycle February 14, 2003 Bryant Miles I. itrate Synthase + 3 SoA The first reaction of the citric acid cycle is the condensation of acetyloa and oxaloacetate to form citrate and oas. The enzyme

1. What is the hybridization of the indicated atom in the following molecule?

Practice Final Exam, Chemistry 2210, rganic Chem I 1. What is the hybridization of the indicated atom in the following molecule? A. sp 3 B. sp 2 C. sp D. not hybridized 2. Name the functional groups in

Mitsunobu Reaction (1934-2003)

Mitsunobu eaction (1934-2003) utline General Information: Who discovered this? What is the basic reaction? The Mechanism: What exactly happens and how? Applications: i) Variations of the method- where

Name Key 215 F12-Exam No. 2 Page 2

ame Key 15 F1-Exam o. Page. (9 points) For each of the following sets of molecules, rank the molecules in order of to least acidic. ompare the underlined s for each set. (a) (b) (c). (11 points) Draw in

A Grignard reagent formed would deprotonate H of the ethyl alcohol OH.

216 S11-E2 Page 2 Name Key I. (9 points) Answer in the boxes below the following questions for the Grignard reagent C 3 -Mg. (1) (2 points) Is the carbon atom associated with magnesium electrophilic or

SUMMARY OF ALKENE REACTIONS

SUMMARY F ALKENE REACTINS Alkenes are primarily prepared by elimination reactions of molecules that contain good leaving groups attached to sp 3 carbons. Examples of such reactions are dehydrohalogenations

Double Bonds. Hydration Rxns. Hydrogenation Rxns. Halogenation. Formation of epoxides. Syn addition of 2 OH. Ozonolysis

Double Bonds What do we do with double bonds? We do addition reactions. In an addition reaction, something is added to both carbons involved in a double bond (or not involved in the double bond, in the

4/18/2011. 9.8 Substituent Effects in Electrophilic Substitutions. Substituent Effects in Electrophilic Substitutions

9.8 Substituent effects in the electrophilic substitution of an aromatic ring Substituents affect the reactivity of the aromatic ring Some substituents activate the ring, making it more reactive than benzene

INTDUCTIN T LEWIS ACID-BASE CEMISTY DEINITINS Lewis acids and bases are defined in terms of electron pair transfers. A Lewis base is an electron pair donor, and a Lewis acid is an electron pair acceptor.

Lecture 15: Enzymes & Kinetics Mechanisms

ROLE OF THE TRANSITION STATE Lecture 15: Enzymes & Kinetics Mechanisms Consider the reaction: H-O-H + Cl - H-O δ- H Cl δ- HO - + H-Cl Reactants Transition state Products Margaret A. Daugherty Fall 2004

Experiment #8 properties of Alcohols and Phenols

Introduction Experiment #8 properties of Alcohols and Phenols As has been mentioned before, over 20 million organic compounds have been identified. If each substance had to be studied as an entity completely

methyl RX example primary RX example secondary RX example secondary RX example tertiary RX example

ucleophilic Substitution & Elimination hemistry 1 eginning patterns to knowfor S and E eactions - horizontal and vertical templates for practice Example 1 - two possible perspectives (deuterium and tritium

Infrared Spectroscopy 紅 外 線 光 譜 儀

Infrared Spectroscopy 紅 外 線 光 譜 儀 Introduction Spectroscopy is an analytical technique which helps determine structure. It destroys little or no sample (nondestructive method). The amount of light absorbed

5.111 Principles of Chemical Science

MIT OpenCourseWare http://ocw.mit.edu 5.111 Principles of Chemical Science Fall 2008 For information about citing these materials or our Terms of Use, visit: http://ocw.mit.edu/terms. 5.111 Principles

CHEM 322 Organic Chemistry II - Professor Kathleen V. Kilway. CHAPTER 14 Substitution Reactions of Aromatic Compounds

CHEM 322 Organic Chemistry II - Professor Kathleen V. Kilway "Organic Chemistry" by Maitland Jones, 4 th edition Chapter 14 Homework: 1, 2, 5, 7, 13, 19, 20, 23, 26, 27, 28, 30, 31, 34, 35, 36, 41, 46,

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution Electrophilic substitution is the typical reaction type for aromatic rings. Generalized electrophilic aromatic substitution: E E Electrophile Lewis acid: may be or neutral.

Suggested solutions for Chapter 3

s for Chapter PRBLEM Assuming that the molecular ion is the base peak (00% abundance) what peaks would appear in the mass spectrum of each of these molecules: (a) C5Br (b) C60 (c) C64Br In cases (a) and

Chapter 2 - Polar Covalent Bonds; Acids and Bases

Chapter 2 - Polar Covalent Bonds; Acids and Bases For questions 1-10 give the letter of the term that best matches the given definition. a. Brønsted-Lowry Acid f. Ionic Bond b. Brønsted-Lowry Base g. Covalent

Ultraviolet Spectroscopy

Ultraviolet Spectroscopy The wavelength of UV and visible light are substantially shorter than the wavelength of infrared radiation. The UV spectrum ranges from 100 to 400 nm. A UV-Vis spectrophotometer

FIVE-MEMBERED RING FORMATION 138. 5 Membered Rings. Intramolecular S N 2 Reaction

5 mbered ings FIVE-MEMBEED IG FMATI 138 C 2 C 2 PGF 2α PGE 2 irsutene Modhephane Isocumene 1. Intramolecular S 2 eactions 2. Intramolecular Aldol Condensation and Michael Addition 3. Intramolecular Wittig

Synthesis of Isopentyl Acetate

Experiment 8 Synthesis of Isopentyl Acetate Objectives To prepare isopentyl acetate from isopentyl alcohol and acetic acid by the Fischer esterification reaction. Introduction Esters are derivatives of

Required Reading Material.

JF Chemistry 1101 2014-2015 Introduction to Physical Chemistry: Acid Base and Solution Equilibria. Professor Mike Lyons School of Chemistry melyons@tcd.ie Required Reading Material. Kotz, Treichel and

Study of the Thermal Behavior of Azidohetarenes with Differential Scanning Calorimetry

Fourth International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry (ECSOC-4), www.mdpi.org/ecsoc-4.htm, September 1-30, 2000 [A0066] Study of the Thermal Behavior of Azidohetarenes with Differential

DETERMINACIÓN DE ESTRUCTURAS ORGÁNICAS (ORGANIC SPECTROSCOPY) IR SPECTROSCOPY

DETERMINACIÓN DE ESTRUCTURAS ORGÁNICAS (ORGANIC SPECTROSCOPY) IR SPECTROSCOPY Hermenegildo García Gómez Departamento de Química Instituto de Tecnología Química Universidad Politécnica de Valencia 46022

Issue in Honor of Prof. O. S. Tee ARKIVOC 2001 (xii) 108-115

Kinetics and mechanism of the base catalyzed cleavage of 2-diazo- 1,3-indandione and the acid catalyzed decomposition of its hydrolysis product, 2-(diazoacetyl)benzoic acid Yvonne Chiang, A. Jerry Kresge,*

Chem101: General Chemistry Lecture 9 Acids and Bases

: General Chemistry Lecture 9 Acids and Bases I. Introduction A. In chemistry, and particularly biochemistry, water is the most common solvent 1. In studying acids and bases we are going to see that water

Syllabus for General Organic Chemistry M07A- Fall 2013 Prof. Robert Keil

Syllabus for General Organic Chemistry M07A- Fall 2013 Prof. Robert Keil Textbook and Materials What you must buy: Organic Chemistry 4 th Ed. Janice G. Smith, McGraw Hill. (Older edition is fine) Chem

Electrophilic Addition Reactions

Electrophilic Addition Reactions Electrophilic addition reactions are an important class of reactions that allow the interconversion of C=C and C C into a range of important functional groups. Conceptually,

Name period Unit 9: acid/base equilibrium

Name period Unit 9: acid/base equilibrium 1. What is the difference between the Arrhenius and the BronstedLowry definition of an acid? Arrhenious acids give H + in water BronstedLowry acids are proton

17.5 ALLYLIC AND BENZYLIC OXIDATION

17.5 ALLYLI AND BENZYLI XIDATIN 803 Nuc d d Nuc d 2 3 2 overlap of 2p orbitals X d no p-orbital overlap X d (a) (b) Figure 17.2 Transition states for N 2 reactions at (a) an allylic carbon and (b) a nonallylic

Chapter 17. How are acids different from bases? Acid Physical properties. Base. Explaining the difference in properties of acids and bases

Chapter 17 Acids and Bases How are acids different from bases? Acid Physical properties Base Physical properties Tastes sour Tastes bitter Feels slippery or slimy Chemical properties Chemical properties

Determination of Equilibrium Constants using NMR Spectrscopy

CHEM 331L Physical Chemistry Laboratory Revision 1.0 Determination of Equilibrium Constants using NMR Spectrscopy In this laboratory exercise we will measure a chemical equilibrium constant using key proton

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY I PRACTICE PROBLEMS FOR BRONSTED-LOWRY ACID-BASE CHEMISTRY

RGANIC CHEMISTRY I PRACTICE PRBLEMS FR BRNSTED-LWRY ACID-BASE CHEMISTRY 1. For each of the species below, identify the most acidic proton and provide the structure of the corresponding conjugate base.

LABORATORY 5 DETECTION OF FUNCTIONAL GROUPS IN ORGANIC COMPOUNDS

LABATY 5 DETETIN F FUNTINAL GUPS IN GANI MPUNDS I. haracteristic reactions differentiating saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons from unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons 1. The test of bromine addition. Unsaturated

Lecture Overview. Hydrogen Bonds. Special Properties of Water Molecules. Universal Solvent. ph Scale Illustrated. special properties of water

Lecture Overview special properties of water > water as a solvent > ph molecules of the cell > properties of carbon > carbohydrates > lipids > proteins > nucleic acids Hydrogen Bonds polarity of water

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY I PRACTICE EXERCISE Sn1 and Sn2 Reactions

ORGANIC CEMISTRY I PRACTICE EXERCISE Sn1 and Sn2 Reactions 1) Which of the following best represents the carbon-chlorine bond of methyl chloride? d d - d - d d d d - d - I II III IV V 2) Provide a detailed,

Typical Infrared Absorption Frequencies. Functional Class Range (nm) Intensity Assignment Range (nm) Intensity Assignment

Typical Infrared Absorption Frequencies Functional Class Range (nm) Intensity Assignment Range (nm) Intensity Assignment Alkanes 2850-3000 CH 3, CH 2 & CH 2 or 3 bands Alkenes 3020-3100 1630-1680 1900-2000

Laboratory 22: Properties of Alcohols

Introduction Alcohols represent and important class of organic molecules. In this experiment you will study the physical and chemical properties of alcohols. Solubility in water, and organic solvents,

Q.1 Draw out some suitable structures which fit the molecular formula C 6 H 6

Aromatic compounds GE 1 BENZENE Structure Primary analysis revealed benzene had an... empirical formula of and a molecular formula of 6 6 Q.1 Draw out some suitable structures which fit the molecular formula

Acids and Bases: Molecular Structure and Acidity

Acids and Bases: Molecular Structure and Acidity Review the Acids and Bases Vocabulary List as needed. Tutorial Contents A. Introduction B. Resonance C. Atomic Radius D. Electronegativity E. Inductive

Equilibria Involving Acids & Bases

Week 9 Equilibria Involving Acids & Bases Acidic and basic solutions Self-ionisation of water Through reaction with itself: The concentration of water in aqueous solutions is virtually constant at about

3 The Preparation of Buffers at Desired ph

3 The Preparation of Buffers at Desired ph Objectives: To become familiar with operating a ph meter, and to learn how to use the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation to make buffer solutions at a desired ph

These instructions are for a classroom activity which supports OCR A Level Chemistry A.

Lesson Element Keyword activities Instructions for teachers These instructions are for a classroom activity which supports OCR A Level Chemistry A. Just a minute! To run this activity you will need a set

For example: (Example is from page 50 of the Thinkbook)

SOLVING COMBINED SPECTROSCOPY PROBLEMS: Lecture Supplement: page 50-53 in Thinkbook CFQ s and PP s: page 216 241 in Thinkbook Introduction: The structure of an unknown molecule can be determined using

Introduction to Biodiesel Chemistry Terms and Background Information

Introduction to Biodiesel Chemistry Terms and Background Information Basic rganic Chemistry rganic chemistry is the branch of chemistry that deals with organic compounds. rganic compounds are compounds

Green Principles Atom Economy Solventless Reactions Catalysis

Lab 5: The Aldol Reaction Solventless vs Traditional Reactions: (Melting Point Study & Recrystallization) (adapted from Doxsee, K.M. and Hutchison, J.E., Green Organic Chemistry and John Thompson; Lane

3. Semester Completion date: May 9, 2016. a. You can finish early, and you can start early (or late), but you MUST FINISH BY MAY 9

4 Dates, Flexible Schedules: Go-At-Your-Own-Pace Asynchronous. 1. FLEXIBILITY. You can schedule your own test dates (so long as you finish all by May 9, 2016) 2. The Official semester start date is January

MOLECULAR REPRESENTATIONS AND INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY

MLEULAR REPRESENTATINS AND INFRARED SPETRSPY A STUDENT SULD BE ABLE T: 1. Given a Lewis (dash or dot), condensed, bond-line, or wedge formula of a compound draw the other representations. 2. Give examples