THE PERUVIAN TSUNAMI WARNING CENTER
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1 THE PERUVIAN TSUNAMI WARNING CENTER César Jiménez TSUNAMI The Tsunamis are a set of several marine waves of long period generated by a perturbation, generally an earthquake with epicenter on the sea. Tsunami: word of japanese origin used in many languages as english and spanish. TSU = PORT, NAMI = WAVE Literally, it means «waves in y, the port», no damage at offshore, but can be destructive in coasts.
2 HISTORYCAL PERUVIAN TSUNAMIS Seismicity of the world: Peru is located in the Pacific Ring of Fire. Therefore, there is a great seismic, tsunami and volcanic activity. Earthquakes generators of tsunami in Peru ( ). The last great earthquake in Peru was in Pisco CALLAO TSUNAMI, 1746 (CENTRAL PERU) EPICENTER 11.9 S; 77.1 W MAGNITUDE > 9.0 Mw DATE October 30, 1746 TIME 22:30 Local Time ARRIVAL TIME 30 minutes MAXIMUM WAVE HEIGHT 10 m (Callao) 24 m (Miraflores cliffs) EFFECTS CASUALTIES: 5000 in Callao 200 survivors EXTENSIVE DAMAGES
3 CAMANA TSUNAMI, (SOUTHERN PERU) 2001 EPICENTER S; 74.4 W MAGNITUDE 8.4 Mw IGP USGS El Chorro La Punta 10 Kms La Punta Nueva DATE Saturday June 23, 2001 TIME 20:33:13 GMT ARRIVAL TIME 15 minutes MAXIMUM WAVE HEIGHT 7 to 8 m EFFECTS CASUALTIES: 23 EXTENSIVE DAMAGES 1, m. ESCALA 1:20000 El Chorro m. PISCO TSUNAMI, 2007 SOUTHERN PERU EPICENTER S; W MAGNITUDE 8.0 Mw DATE August 15, 2007 TIME 23:40 GMT ARRIVAL TIME 20 minutes MAXIMUM WAVE HEIGHT 10 m (Lagunillas) EFFECTS CASUALTIES: 500 (earthquake) 03 (tsunami) EXTENSIVE DAMAGES
4 CHILEAN TSUNAMI FEB 2010 EPICENTER: Lat: 36.1 S Lon: 72.6 W PAITA HORA PTWC HORA DHN HORA MAREÓGRAFO LECTURA MAREÓGRAFO (cm.) AMPLITUD PTWC (cm.) MAGNITUDE: 8.8 Mw DATE: Feb 27, 2010 TIME: 06:33 GMT 115 km NNE of Concepción Subduction zone Nazca-Pacific plates. CALLAO HORA PTWC HORA DHN HORA MAREÓGRAFO LECTURA MAREÓGRAFO (cm.) AMPLITUD PTWC (cm.) MATARANI / ILO HORA PTWC HORA DHN LECTURA HORA MAREÓGRAFO MAREÓGRAFO (cm.) AMPLITUD PTWC (cm.) Variacion del nivel del mar en la punta valor en metros Perú time: 0134 hrs. Lat.: 36.85º S Lon.: 72.72º W Magnitude: 8.8 Mw Depth: 35 km 0 18:00:58 20:08:58 22:16:58 00:24:58 02:32:58 04:40:58 06:48:58 08:56:58 11:04:58 13:12:58 15:20:58 17:28:58 19:36:58 21:44:58 23:52:58 02:00:58 04:08:58 06:16:58 08:24:58 10:32:58 12:40:58 14:48:58 16:56:58 19:04:58 21:12:58 23:20:58 01:28:58 03:36:58 05:44:58 07:52:58 10:00:58 12:08:58 Valores medidos del 26 feb al 01 marzo hora UTC MIRAFLORES BAY Observation time: 1020 Tidal phase: Descendent Amplitude: 15 cm Moon phase: Full MIRAFLORES BAY Hora de observación: 1020 Fase de Marea: Descendente Amplitud: 15 cm Fase Luna: Llena
5 PARACAS BAY Observation time: 0830 Tidal phase: Descendent Amplitude: 100 cm Moon phase: Full CALETA LAGUNILLAS (ICA) Hora de observación: 1740 Fase de Marea: Ascendente Amplitud: 106 cm Fase Luna: Llena COMPONENTS OF A TSUNAMI WARNING SYSTEM This system allows to provide early warning in case of an imminent tsunami. Consists of the following elements: 1) Seismographic network.- In order to detect the focal parameters and calculate the focal mechanism of great earthquakes generators of tsunami. The seismic network of Peru is managed by IGP (Geophysical Institute of Peru). 2) Tide gauge network.- This consists of strategically stations located along the Peruvian coast. Verifies that the tsunami has originated and is traveling through the sea. This tidal network is managed by DHN (Directorate of Hydrography and Navigation). 3) Geodesic Network.- Composed of several permanent GPS stations. Allows real-time detection of coseismic deformation of the crust, this will decide if it will generate a tsunami (before seismic calculations). But should be managed by IGP and IGN (National Geographical Institute). 4) Database of tsunamis simulated.- A set of seismic source events (Green functions) for all the peruvian coasts simulated by numerical modeling. Will allow a fast calculation of arrival times and maximum wave height for warning purposes. This system is not implemented yet. 5) A system of alerting the public.- Formed by a group of sirens, radio and television messages to issue an evacuation notice to people living in potential flood areas. This system will be managed by Civil Defense and regional and local governments. All elements of the seismic, tide gauge and geodetic networks must be interconnected to a central operation through redundant radio, fax-telephone and satellite communications, and the signals arriving i in real time, so that t operators can process data and make the right decision i and to give timely warning to evacuate.
6 PERUVIAN TSUNAMI WARNING CENTER The National Tsunami Warning System is managed by DHN of peruvian navy and integrated t by several institutions: IGP: through seismic service INDECI: civil defense APN: port authority DICAPI: navy authority CORPAC, etc. FLOWCHART OF COMMUNICATIONS OF TSUNAMI WARNING SYSTEM CN C T RSDI A DIRECCION DE TELEMATICA (DIRTEL) OBSERVATORIO DE HONOLULU HAWAII (PTWC) C T AFTN S CORPORACION PERUANA DE AEROPUERTOS (CORPAC) T AFTN RDSI DIRECCION DE HIDROGRAFIA Y NAVEGACION DE LA MARINA (DHN) C T R RDSI AFTN CN S A CN C T S A CN C T A C T RDSI S R C T RDSI S C T RDSI C T DIRECCION DE CAPITANIAS UNIDADES INSTITUTO GEOFISICO INSTITUTO NACIONAL EMPRESA NACIONAL AUTORIDAD PORTUARIA INFORMACIÓN Y DEPENDENCIAS DEL PERU DE DEFENSA CIVIL DE PUERTOS NACIONAL (DIMINMAR) DEL LITORAL (IGP) (INDECI) (ENAPU) (APN) C T R T R T TERMINALES MEDIOS DE DIFUSIÓN MARITIMOS COMUNICACIÓN AUTORIDADES Y Y BUQUES (RADIO TV) COMITES CIVILES NAVEGANDO C = Correo electrónico T = Teléfono R = Radio RDSI = Red Digital de Servicio Integrado AFTN = Aeronautical Fixed Telecomunication Network Satelital CN = Comunicaciones Navales S = Teléfono Satelital A = Sistema Troncalizado
7 MONITORING AND COMMUNICATION ELEMENTS LOCATION OF LOCAL EARTHQUAKES IGP TSUNAMI ARRIVAL TIMES CHART TELESEISMIC LOCATION NEIC DART BUOYS (NOOA) CISN (California seismic network) OCEAN STATION- GPS GEODESIC STATION MILOS (IRD-DHN) TREMORS SYSTEM (Ecu Per Chi) SNAT SISTEMA DE COMUNICACIÓN RSDI (Red Digital de Servicios Integrados) SOFTWARE PARA DETERMINACION COMMUNICATION DE OCURRENCIA Y MEDIA: TV: CNN, TIEMPO DE CANAL ARRIBO DE N channel TSUNAMI TSUNAMI NUMERICAL MODELLING COMIT, TUNAMI, WIN ITDB Sist Int Alert Tsun Hawai AFTN (aerop) SATELLITE PHONE FAX-PHONE MOVIL PHONE COMMUNICATION MEDIA: RADIO: CPN- RPP SEISMIC MONITORING SISTEMA TREMORS ANTENA COMPUTADORA ESTACION SISMICA N E Ingreso de datos al Sist. TREMORS Z SISMOMETRO DE BANDA ANCHA CON TRES COMPONENTES ) (TELEFONO) SISTEMA DE ALERTA
8 SEA LEVEL MONITORING: DART BUOY SYSTEM SEA LEVEL STATION MONITORING FACILITY PERUVIAN TIDAL NETWORK 10 TIDAL STATIONS WITH LEVEL SENSOR OF RADAR TYPE (MICROWAVE 26 GHz). DATA COMMUNICATION DATA COMMUNICATION IN REAL TIME
9 GPS GEODESIC STATION (DHN-IRD) An application in the field of prevention of natural disasters would be the implementation of a tsunami early warning using GPS signals in real time. When there is a great earthquake, tectonic stresses relax and change the position of geodesic point (located in San Lorenzo island). We can measure this sudden changes in the geographical coordinates: latitude, longitude and altitude. If the variation exceeds a certain threshold, the alert would be given for. SOFTWARE FOR DETERMINATION OF TSUNAMI AND FAST CALCULATION OF ARRIVAL TIMES
10 TSUNAMI NUMERICAL MODELING: WIN ITDB TSUNAMI NUMERICAL MODELING TUNAMI-N2
11 TSUNAMI NUMERICAL MODELING: COMMTT EXAMPLE CHILEAN TSUNAMI, FEB 27, 2010 PREVENTION MEASURES
12 Tsunami Workshops; Training in Schools, Universities and publics/privates institutions Information about Tsunamis published in the Web-site of DHN General information: definition, iti origin, generation,history of peruvian tsunamis Information about national and international tsunami warning system. Downloadable information: videos, simulations, journal, Inundation maps Preliminar report of Tsunamis
13 INUNDATION MAPS DHN is elaborating and publishing in the web the tsunami inundation maps of every important city located in the peruvian coasts. It s downloadable information. There are 98 inundation maps. EL SISTEMA DE ALERTA DE TSUNAMI MÁS EFICAZ ES LA EDUCACIÓN DE LA POBLACIÓN COSTERA! GRACIAS!
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