Current State of Pipeline Optimization Efforts
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1 Current State of Pipeline Optimization Efforts February 2010 Presenter: Larry Bowden, Williams Gas Pipelines
2 Organization Topics > Overview of How Pipelines Work > How Efficiency is Defined for Pipelines > Differences in Pipeline Design vs. Operations > Optimization Opportunities (Current and Future) > Q&A 2010 Template March 10,
3 How Pipelines Work 2010 Template March 10,
4 How Pipelines Work > Engineering 2010 Template March 10,
5 How Pipelines Work > Operations Gas Control determines overall pipeline operation Pipeline receipts give gas at a nominated steady flow rate Pipeline deliveries take gas at transient non-steady flow rates 2010 Template March 10,
6 How Pipelines Work > Linepack Management Gas Control varies the amounts of compression throughout the system When horsepower is not enough, storage inventories are used Linepack is like sand in an hour glass Natural Gas Storage 2010 Template March 10,
7 Defining Efficiency > E&P equipment runs at 100% capacity 100% of the time > Midstream having equipment 100% available > Transmission (From INGAA white paper Interstate Natural Gas Pipeline Efficiency Oct. 2010) Economic Transportation Hydraulic Thermal Compressor Operational 2010 Template March 10,
8 Pipeline System Efficiency > Transmission Overall - Performing a task with the lowest amount of resources and undesired byproducts Economic delivers gas at the lowest overall cost to customers Transportation function of design, component efficiency, and operational efficiency - Hydraulic (frictional losses in pipeline segments) - Thermal (how much input energy is applied to moving gas waste heat) - Compressor (how much fuel/power is applied to gas) - Operational (how much fuel/energy is needed to move gas over distance) 2010 Template March 10,
9 Differences between Pipeline Design and Operation Engineers Economics Primary Concerns Impact on Efficiency Design Focus on the optimal selection of pipe and compression. Peak day capabilities and pressure commitments at design loads. Have the greatest influence because they specify compression and pipeline diameter. Operation Focus on the maintenance of equipment at adequate performance. Everyday capabilities and requirements at non design conditions while operating efficiently and safely. Choose how to operate transmission equipment at non design conditions. These decisions impact operational efficiency Template March 10,
10 Operational Optimization Opportunities > How do we measure operational efficiency? > What is the potential for operational optimization? > What can we accomplish with current technology? Is new technology needed? 2010 Template March 10,
11 Optimization Opportunities A method to measure and potential for improvement of operational efficiency 2010 Template March 10,
12 Optimization Opportunities Current Technology > Operational efficiency Depends on how the system is operated Potentially improved by implementing waste heat recovery projects > Steady State Optimization Simulation software allows: optimization of throughput, capacity and/or fuel costs for liquid and gas pipelines monitoring of hydraulic efficiency between compressor stations engineers to reduce fuel costs and emissions 2010 Template March 10,
13 Optimization Opportunities Current Technology 2010 Template March 10,
14 Optimization Opportunities Current Technology > Centrifugal Compressor Efficiency Impacts Operational efficiency is increased by actively managing compressor unit selection and linepack Template March 10,
15 Optimization Opportunities Future Improvements > Technology Transient Hydraulic Simulation and Optimization Software - Quickly provide gas control feedback to manage linepack to reduce fuel and energy requirements - Much more difficult than steady state simulation More efficient compression - Vendors and industry organizations are researching ways to improve efficiency to meet clean air requirements > Business models Regulated pipelines with fuel trackers need a system to provide an incentive or mechanism for investment in fuel reduction technology - Current technology that can reduce fuel enough to cover investment costs within a year is not currently a justifiable expense Template March 10,
16 Gas Electric Partnership > What about collaboration between gas transmission and power transmission companies? 2010 Template March 10,
17 Gas Electric Partnership Differences between Gas Electricity Storage Yes No Transport rates ft/s speed of light Response to demand Varying flow rates and pressures No intermediate between on and off Transmission methods Customer Percentage Consumes 2-3% of throughput as fuel for compression to overcome frictional losses Natural gas supply to power generation plants is a large part of gas transmission load Lose 6-7% due to electrical resistance Power supplied to gas transmission is a small part of power plant load 2010 Template March 10,
18 Gas Electric Partnership > Optimization potential of collaboration of power plant operation with pipelines None exists for short term power plant load requirements from transmission pipelines > Challenge for Industry Can the power grid be operated more efficiently if pipelines communicated electric motor power utilization in advance of operating the equipment? 2010 Template March 10,
19 All aspects of a company contribute to efficient operations. Q/A Comments? 2010 Template March 10,
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