Effect of Nitrogen on Morphological Characters in Five Genotypes of Mustard

Transcription

1 International Journal of Agriculture and Crop Sciences. Available online at IJACS/2013/6-12/ ISSN X 2013 IJACS Journal Effect of Nitrogen on Morphological Characters in Five Genotypes of Mustard A. M. Z. H. Lipu 1, A. T. M. Shamsuddoha 2, R. Mondal 3 and Md. Rafiqul Islam 4 1. Department of Crop Botany, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh 2. Department of Soil Science, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh 3. Bangladesh Krishi Bank, Mothbarya branch, Pirojpur 4. Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali, Bangladesh Corresponding author: A. M. Z. H. Lipu ABSTRACT:A pot experiment was conducted at the pot yard of the Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, Mymensingh during October 2004 to January 2005 to study the effect of different levels of N-fertilizer on growth and yield attributes of five mustard mutants/ variety. The experiment was laid out in a Completely Randomized Design with three replications. 0, 40, 80, 120 and 160 kg N ha -1 and five mustard mutants/variety viz; MM , MM- 34-7, MM , MM and Binasarisha- 4 were studied in this experiment. The result indicated that Nitrogen fertilizer significantly influenced plant height, number of branches plant -1, number of siliqua plant -1, siliqua length, number of seeds siliqua -1, total dry matter and seed yield. Application of 160 kg N ha -1 influenced the above attributes more positively. Binasarisha -4 along with 160 kg N ha - 1 had produced the highest seed yield plant -1 followed by MM and MM INTRODUCTION Mustard is an important oil crop of the world after soybean and palm (FAO, 2002). In Bangladesh, Mustard has a remarkable demand for edible oil. It supplies more than half of the total edible oil of the country (BBS, 2002). On Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) basis, Bangladesh requires 1.36 lakh tons of oil equivalent to 0.8 million tons of oil seeds for nourishing her people, while we produce million tons (Rahman, 2000). The seed yield in Bangladesh (0.735 t/ha) is not satisfactory compared to those in many other countries of the world, like UK (3.43 ton ha -1 ), France (3.26 ton ha -1 ), Denmark (3.07 ton ha -1 ), Germany (3.36 ton ha -1 ) etc. (FAO,2002). Mustard is highly sensitive to nitrogen and this element has a tremendous influence on both the growth and yield of mustard (Islam et al., 1992). But the nitrogen reserve of Bangladesh soil is very low due to warm climate accompanied by centuries of cultivation of the same piece of land (Porteh and Islam, 1995). On the other hand, deficiency of nitrogen also hampered the production of mustard. There is a great scope to improve the yield of mustard with the use of fertilizer. Results of a number of studies indicated that the mustard is highly responsive to fertilizers, particularly nitrogen. Nitrogen is the key element for higher yield of mustard. However, excessive use of this element may produce too much vegetative growth which may also impair fruit production (Singh et al., 1972). Therefore, the present study was conducted to find an optimum N-dose for maximal growth and yield of mustard mutants/variety. MATERIALS AND METHODS The experiment was conducted at the pot yard of BINA (Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture) Mymensingh. The experiment was designed with two factors: Factor A: Five mutants/variety of mustard viz; MM , MM- 34-7, MM , MM and Binasarisha-4 and Factor B: Five doses of 0, 40, 80, 120 and 160 kg N ha -1.

2 Data collection Data were collected on the following parameters (i) Plant height at full maturity was measured from the surface of the soil to the tip of the plant.(ii) The number of branches counted for all three plants and means value was taken.(iii). The number of siliqua was counted for each plant.(iv) Siliqua length was recorded from the base to apex of each siliqua from randomly selected 20 siliqua and then mean value was taken.(v) Seeds were collected by splitting three pods from each of the three plants and then counted.(vi) The weight of seeds from three plants t aken after threshing, cleaning and drying the seed weight/plant was determined by dividing the weight of seed by the number of sample plants.(vii) Total dry matter was calculated with the following formula: TDM plant -1 = (Root dry weight + shoot dry weight + grain weight + shell weight) g plant -1. (viii) The weight of 1000-seed was taken. Statistical analysis The collected data on various parameters under this study were statistically analyzed to find out the levels of significance, using the MSTAT -C Package Programme developed by Russel (1986). The mean differences were compared by Duncan s Multiple Range Test (DMRT). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Application of different doses of N-fertilizer and their interaction effect on different plant characters of five mutants/variety of mustard have studied under the following parameters. Plant height The plant height of different mutants/variety was influenced significantly (Table 1). The highest plant height was observed in Binasarisha-4 while the lowest height was recorded in mutant MM which was identical to other mutants. The effect of different levels of nitrogen on plant height was significant (Table 2). The highest plant height was found with the application of 120 kg N ha -1 which was similar to the levels of 80 and 160 kg N ha -1. The lowest plant height was recorded with no nitrogen. The interaction effect between mutants/variety and different levels of nitrogen were statistically significant (Table 3). The highest plant height was obtained from the mutant MM-34-7 with the application of 120 kg N ha -1 while the lowest height was found in MM-34-7 with no nitrogen application (control). Shamsuddin et al. (1998) also reported similar results. They reported that nitrogen at the rate of 120 kg/ha gave higher plant height. Mutants/ Variety Plant height Table 1. Varietal effect of morphological parameters of mustard Branchespla Siliqua Seeds nt -1 plant -1 siliqua -1 Siliqua length Seed yield (g plant -1 ) TDM (g plant -1 ) seed weight (g) MM b 2.19 ab a ab 4.43 b 3.86 ab MM b 2.29 a b c 4.27 bc 4.10 a MM b 2.24 a c bc 4.19 bc 3.70 bc MM b 1.82 c c c 4.00 c 3.80 bc Binasarisha a 1.99 bc b a 4.89 a 3.62 c CV % LSD 0.05% significance * * * NS NS * * * Values having common letter (s) in a column do not differ significantly at P 0.05, NS: Not significant Number of branches plant -1 The branch number of different mutants/variety was statistically significant (Table 1). The highest number of branches was observed in mutant MM-34-7 (2.29) and the lowest number of branches found in mutant MM (1.82). The effect of different levels of nitrogen on branch number was significant (Table 2). The highest branch number was recorded with the application of 120 kg N ha -1 which was similar to the levels of 160 kg N ha -1. The lowest number of branches was recorded with zero nitrogen (0.88). The interaction effect between mutants/variety and different levels of nitrogen were statistically significant (Table 3). The highest branch number was obtained form the mutant MM-34-7 (3.27) with the application of 120 kg N ha -1 and lowest number of branch was found in MM (0.81) with no nitrogen application (control). Many researchers also 857

3 observed similar results in mustard (Gaffar and Razzaque, 1983 and Mondal and Gaffar, 1983; Asaduzzaman and Shamsuddin, 1986). Nitrogen (kg/ha) Plant height Table 2. Effect of nitrogen on morphological parameters of must ard Branchespla Siliqua Siliqua Seeds Seed yield (g nt -1 plant -1 length siliqua -1 plant -1 ) TDM (g plant -1 ) seed weight (g) c 0.88 d e 6.60 b d 0.93 e 1.60 e 3.49 b b 1.73 c d 6.70 ab c 1.90 d 2.95 d 3.97 a a 2.44 b c 6.67 ab b 3.13 c 4.42 c 3.97 a a 2.76 a b 6.92 a a 4.82 b 5.84 b 3.74 ab a 2.73 a a 6.67 ab a 5.77 a 6.98 a 3.90 a CV % LSD 0.05% significance * * * * * * * * Values having common letter (s) in a column do not differ significantly at P 0.05, NS: Not significant Number of siliqua plant -1 The number of siliqua of different mutants/variety was influenced significantly (Table 1). The highest number of siliqua was produced in mutant MM (68.04) and the lowest number of siliqua was recorded in mutant MM (51.95) which was identical to the mutant of MM The effect of different levels of nitrogen on the number of siliqua was significant (Table 2). The highest number of siliqua (109) was found with the application of 160 kg N ha -1 and the lowest number of siliqua (34.42) was recorded with no nitrogen. The interaction effect between mutants/variety and different levels of nitrogen were statistically significant (Table 3). The highest number of siliqua was found from the mutant MM (169.5) with the application of 160 kg N ha -1 and the lowest number of siliqua was observed in mutant MM (10.10) with zero nitrogen application. The result is in agreement with that of Islam (1995) and Bhagwan et al., (1996) who also noticed that the number of siliqua plant -1 increased by the application of increasing levels of nitrogen. Siliqua length The siliqua length of different mutants/variety was not significant (Table 1). The highest siliqua length was produced in Binasarisha-4 (6.84) and the lowest siliqua length was recorded in mutant MM (6.30 cm) which is similar to others. The effect of different levels of nitrogen on siliqua length was significant (Table 2). The highest (6.92 cm) siliqua length was foun d with the application of 120 kg N ha -1. The lowest (6.60 cm) siliqua length was recorded with no nitrogen. The interaction effect between mutants/variety and different levels of nitrogen were not significant (Table 3). The highest (7.23) siliqua length was obtained from the variety Binasarisha-4 with the application of 80 kg N ha -1 and the lowest (6.30) siliqua length was found in MM with zero nitrogen application. Number of seed siliqua -1 Number of seed siliqua -1 of different mutants/variety was statistically not significant (Table 1). The highest number of seed siliqua -1 was found in MM-34-7 and the lowest number was recorded in Binasarisha-4 which was identical to other mutants. The effect of different levels of nitrogen on seed siliqua -1 was significant (Table 2). The highest number of seed siliqua -1 was recorded with the application of 160 kg N ha -1 which was similar to the levels of 120 kg N ha -1. The lowest number of seed siliqua -1 was found with no nitrogen. The interaction effect of between mutants/variety and different levels of nitrogen was significant (Table 3). The highest number of seed siliqua -1 was obtained from the variety Binasarisha-4 with the application of 160 kg N ha -1 and the lowest number of seed siliqua -1 was found in mutant MM with no nitrogen application. This is possibly due to better utilization of N which resulted in boasting up of the plant, consequently forming higher siliqua and seeds. Mondal and Gaffar (1983) also observed that different levels of N had significant effect on the number of seeds siliqua -1. They observed the highest dose of number of seeds siliqua -1 with highest dose of N-fertilizer which was 160 kg N ha -1. Table 3. Interaction effect of mutants/variety and nitrogen on morphological parameters of mustard Mutants/Variety Nitrogen Plant height Branches plant -1 Siliqua plant -1 Siliqua length V 1 T i 0.81 h l 6.78 V 1 T fg 1.11 e-h ij

4 V 1 T c-g 2.22 b-d hi 6.80 V 1 T a-g 2.66 a-d fg 7.09 V 1 T a-d 2.33 a-d a 6.75 V 2 T i 1.06 f-h l 6.40 V 2 T d-g 1.78 d-h ij 6.74 V 2 T a-g 1.99 c-f h 6.50 V 2 T a 2.22 b-d bc 6.80 V 2 T a-c 2.89 a-c b 6.86 V 3 T hi 0.68 l 8.90 l 6.60 V 3 T e-g 2.21 h-k jk 6.43 V 3 T ab 3.21 g-j h 6.53 V 3 T a-g 5.07 bc e-g 6.86 V 3 T b-g 6.30 ab b-d 6.53 V 4 T i 0.68 l l 6.93 V 4 T gh 1.95 j-l jk 6.71 V 4 T a-e 1.83 kl hi 6.30 V 4 T a-d 4.59 c-f c-g 6.90 V 4 T a-f 6.46 a b-f 6.68 V 5 T hi 1.07 kl kl 6.33 V 5 T a-e 1.67 kl h-j 7.16 V 5 T ab 3.64 d-g d-g 7.23 V 5 T a-c 5.12 bc g 6.96 V 5 T a-f 4.59 c-f b-e 6.53 significance * * * NS Table 3.Contd. Mutants/ Variety Nitrogen Seeds siliqua -1 Seed yield (g plant -1 ) TDM (g plant -1 ) 1000-seed weight (g) V 1 T c-e 0.68 l 0.73 n 3.39 V 1 T a-d 2.21 h-k 3.28 h-l 3.78 V 1 T a-c 3.21 g-j 4.58 d-h 4.22 V 1 T a-c 5.07 bc 6.06 b-e 3.93 V 1 T a-d 6.30 ab 7.51 a-c 4.01 V 2 T de 0.68 l 1.71 l-n 3.88 V 2 T a-e 1.95 j-l 2.90 i-m 4.37 V 2 T a-d 1.83 kl 3.77 g-k 4.29 V 2 T a 4.59 c-f 5.38 d-g 4.00 V 2 T ab 6.46 a 7.58 ab 3.94 V 3 T e 1.07 kl 1.47 mn 3.27 V 3 T b-e 1.67 kl 2.43 k-m 4.33 V 3 T a-c 3.64 d-g 4.89 d-h 3.69 V 3 T ab 5.12 bc 6.10 b-e 3.55 V 3 T ab 4.59 c-f 6.05 b-e 3.66 V 4 T c-e 0.63 l 1.46 mn 3.62 V 4 T b-e 1.52 kl 2.82 j-m 3.84 V 4 T a-d 3.43 f-i 4.37 f-j 4.01 V 4 T ab 4.57 c-f 5.45 d-f 3.69 V 4 T ab 4.92 cd 5.93 c-f 3.85 V 5 T e 1.62 kl 2.63 k-m 3.31 V 5 T b-e 2.15 i-k 3.29 h-l 3.55 V 5 T a-c 3.54 e-h 4.50 e-i 3.65 V 5 T a-c 4.77 c-e 6.21 a-d 3.55 V 5 T a 6.57 a 7.81 a 4.03 significance * * * NS Values having common letter (s) in a column do not differ significantly * Significant at 5% level; NS = Not significant; T 1 = 0 kg ha -1 (control), T 2 = 40 kg ha -1, T 3 = 80 kg ha -1, T 4 = 120 kg ha -1, T 5 = 160 kg ha -1 ; V 1 = MM , V 2 = MM-34-7, V 3 = MM , V 4 = MM , V 5 = Binasarisha- 4 Seed yield plant -1 The seed yield (g plant -1 ) was difference among the mutants/variety was statistically significant (Table 1). The highest seed yield plant -1 (5.77 g) was recorded from the variety Binasarisha-4 which was identical to MM The lowest seed yield plant -1 (3.01 g) was found in MM Application of different doses of nitrogen had significant effect on see d yield plant -1 (Table 2). Statistically significant increase in seed yield plant -1 was recorded with application of different doses of nitrogen. From the present study, increases in the number of siliqua plant -1 and the number of seed siliqua -1, resulted in the highest seed yield with 160 kg N ha -1. The minimum seed yield plant -1 was obtained from control treatment. The interaction effect between application of 859

5 nitrogen and mustard mutants/variety on seed yield plant -1 was statistically significant (Table 3). All the five mutants/variety resulted in higher seed yield plant -1 with the application of different doses of nitrogen but the highest seed yield plant -1 (6.57 g) was found in Binasarisha-4. The lowest seed yield plant -1 (0.63 g) was recorded from MM under control treatment. Total dry matter (TDM) The effect of different doses of nitrogen on TDM plant -1 was statistically significant (Table 2). The highest TDM plant -1 was produced with the application of 160 kg N ha -1. The lowest total dry matter plant -1 was recorded from control treatment. There was no significant difference among the mutants/variety (Table 1).. The total highest dry matter (11.56 g) was recorded in Binasarisha -4 and lowest in MM (4 g). The interaction effect between the treatments and the varieties on TDM production was found statistically significant (Table 3). The variety Binasarisha -4 produced the highest total dry matter with 160 kg N ha -1 followed by MM-34-7 with 160 kg N ha -1. The lowest total dry matter was produced in MM with no nitrogen application. The increase of TDM depends on the leaf area production as reported by Tanaka (1983). Mondal and Gaffar (1983) observed that different levels of nitrogen had significant effect on weight of total dry plan t plot -1. Murtaza and Paul (1989) also reported that total plant weight was significantly increased by nitrogen application seed weight 1000 seed weight of different mutants/variety was influenced significantly (Table 1). The highest seed weight was obtained in MM-34-7 and the lowest seed weight was recorded in variety Binasarisha-4. The effect of different levels of nitrogen on seed weight was significant (Table 2). The highest seed weight was found with the application of 80 kg N ha -1 which was similar to the levels of 40 and 160 kg N ha -1. The lowest seed weight was recorded with zero nitrogen (control). The interaction effect between mutants/variety and different levels of nitrogen were statistically non - significant (Table 3). The highest seed weight was recorded form the mutant MM with the application of 40 kg N ha -1 and the lowest seed weight was found in MM with no nitrogen. Bhagwan et al., (1996) also reported that increasing N application resulted significant increase in 1000-seed weight. REFERENCES Asaduzzaman SM, Shamsuddin AM Effect of nitrogen on yield and yield components of mustard (var. SS -75) under different levels of nitrogen. Abstracts of papers of Bangladesh Soc. Agron. Ann. Conf. Dhaka, BARI, Bangladesh. p.32. BBS Statistical Pocket Book of Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics.. Statistics Division, Ministry of Planning, Govt. of the People s Republic of Bangladesh p. 26. Bhagwan S, Vinod K, Singh B, Kumar V Response of Indian mustard ( Brassica juncea) to nitrogen and sulphur application under rain fed condition. Indian J. Agron. 41 (2): FAO FAO Production Year Book. Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations, Rome 00100, Italy. Gaffer MA, Razzaque AHM Response of mustard to different levels of N,P,K, [nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium] fertilizers under two methods of seeding. Bangladesh Association for the Advancement of Science, Dhaka. Proc. 8 th Bangladesh Sci. Conf. BAAS, Dhaka, (Bangladesh) p. 20. Islam N, Rahman L, Choudhury M, Miah MNH Optimization of nitrogen inputs of mustard ( Brassica juncea) variety: Sambal. Bangladesh J. Agril. Sci. 19 (11): Islam N Performance of different varieties of rapes and mustard to foliar nitrogen in combination with a low level of soil applied nitrogen. Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh. Res. Prog. 9: Mondal MRI, Gaffar MA Effect of different levels of nitrogen and phosphorus on the yield and yield contributing characters of mustard. Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 8 (1) Murtuza MG, Paul NK The effect of nitrogen fertilizer on seed yield in three rape seed (Brassica campestris L.) cultivars. Bangladesh J. Agron. 14(2) Porteh S, Islam MS Nutrient status of some of the more importance agricultural soil of Bangladesh. Proc. Int. Symp. Soil Test Crop Response Correlation Studies, Dhaka, pp Rahman H Studies on the integrated management of Alternaria blight of mustard. Ph. D. thesis, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh pp Russel DF MSTAT-C, MSTAT Director, Crop and Soil Sci, Dept., Michigan State Univ., USA. Shamsuddin AM, Islam MA, Hossain A Comparative study on the yield and agronomic characters of nine cultivars of mustard. Bangladesh J. Agril. Sci. 15(1): Singh K, Singh BPl, Bhola AL, Adava TP Effect of so wing time and nitrogen application in varieties of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) under irrigated conditions in Haryana. Indian J. Agric. Sci. 42(7): Tanaka A Physiological aspects of productivity. In: Potential productivity of field crops under different environments. IRRI. Los Banos, Philippines. P