Library of Adelbert College u.1

Transcription

1 class9 31 Library of Adelbert College u.1 of Western Reserve University, Cleveland. 0.

2 ANCIENT RECORDS OF EGYPT

3 ANCIENT RECORDS UNDER THE GENERAL EDITORSHIP OF WILLIAM EAINEY HARPER ANCIENT BECORDS OF ASSYRIA AND BABYLONIA EDITED BY BOBEBT PBANCIB HAXPEE ANCIENT RECOFUM OF EGYPT EDITED BY JAMES BENBT BBEABTED ANCIENT RECORDS OF PALESTINE. Pnamcu AND SYRIA EDITED BY WILLIAM XAINET HAPPEB

4 C ANCIENT RECORDS OF EGYPT ' HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS FROM TEE EARLIEST TIMES 30 THE PERSIAN CONQUEST. COLLECTED EDITED AND TRANSLATED WITH COMMENTARY JAMES HENRY BREASTED, PH.D. PBOFESSOB OF EGYPMLOOY AND OBENTAL HISTORP IN TEE UNIVEBEITY OF CHICAQO VOLUME I1 THE EIGHTEENTH DYNASTY -2 -!2 +- j.-j7: 'i L CHICAGO THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO PRESS 1906 LONDON: LUZAC & CO. LEIPZIG : OTTO HABRASSOWITZ

5 COPYBIGHT 1908, BY TEE UN~~BITY OF CHICAGO Published Mamh 1906 Compared snd Printad BY The University of Chicago Prws Chimp, Illinoie, U. S. A.

6 TABLE OF CONTENTS VOLUME I THE DOCUMENTARY SOURCES OF EGYPTIAN HISTORY. CHRONOLOGY CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE THE PALERMO STONE: THE FIRST TO THE FIFTH DYNASTIES I Predynastic Kings I1. First Dynasty I11 Second Dynasty IV. Third Dynasty V. Fourth Dynasty.... VI. Fifth Dynasty THE THIRD DYNASTY Reign of Snefru Sinai Inscriptions. Biography of Methen TEE FOURTH DYNASTY Reign of Khufu Sinai Inscriptions Inventory Stela Examples of Dedication Inscriptions by Sons Stela of Mertitybtes Reign of Khafre Will of Prince Nekure. Son of King Khafre Testamentary Enactment of an Unknown Official. Establishing the Endowment of His Tomb by the Pyramid of Khafre Reign of Menkure Debhen's Inscription. Recounting King Menkure's Erection of a Tomb for Him THE FIFTH DYNASTY Reign of Userkaf v 53\ \2

7 vi TABLE OF CONTENTS Testamentary Enactment of Nekonekh.... I. The Priesthood of Hathor..... I1. The Mortuary Priesthood of Khenuka I11 Nekonekh's Will IV. Nekonekh's Mortuary Priesthood... V. Nekonekh's Mortuary Statue..... Testamentary Enactment of Senuonekh. Regulating His Mortuary Priesthood Reign of Sahure Sinai Inscriptions Tomb Stela of Nenekhsekhmet Tomb Inscription of Persen Reign of Neferirkere Tomb Inscriptions of the Vizier. Chief Judge. and Chief Architect Weshptah Reign of Nuserre Sinai Inscription Tomb Inscriptions of Hotephiryakhet.... Inscription of Ptahshepses Reign of Menkuhor Sinai Inscription Reign of Dedkere-Isesi Sinai Inscriptions Tomb Inscriptions of Senezemib. Chief Judge. Vizier. and Chief Architect Mortuary Inscription of Nezemib.. Tomb Inscription of the Nomarch Henku... THE SIXTH DYNASTY Reign of Teti Inscriptions of Sabu. Also Called Ibebi.... Inscription of Sabu. Also Called Thety.... Inscription of an Unknown Builder..... Inscription of Uni I Career under Teti (1. I)... I1. Career under Pepi I ( ).... I11 Career under Mernere ( )..... Reign of Pepi I Hammamat Inscriptions

8 TABLE OF CONTENTS I. The King's Inscriptions..... I1. The Expedition's Inscription.... I11. Chief Architect's Inscription..... IV. Inscription of the Treasurer of the God Ikhi. Sinai Inscription Inscription in the Hatnub Quarry Inscription of Uni: I1 Career under Pepi I Reign of Mernere InscriptionsattheFirstCataract I Northern Inscription I1 Southern Inscription Inscription of Uni: I11 Career under Mernere.. Inscriptions of Harkhuf Inscriptions of Harkhuf (continued)..... Reign of Pepi I Conveyance of Land by Idu, Called Also Seneni.. Sinai Inscription Stela of the Two Queens. Enekhnes-Merire... Inscriptions of Harkhuf (continued from 8 336) Letter of Pepi I1 I. Dates and Introduction... II. Acknowledgment of Harkhuf's Letter.. I11. Harkhuf's Rewards IV. Ki.ng's Instructions InscriptionsofPepi-Nakht Inscriptions of Khui.... Inscriptions of Sebni Inscriptions of Ibi Inscription of Zau... Hammamat Inscription Reign of Ity Reign of Imhotep THE NINTH AND TENTH Inscriptions of Siut DYNASTIES I. Inscription of Tefibi I1 Inscription of Kheti I I11. Inscription of Kheti I

9 viii TABLE OF CONTENTS The Nomarch. Intef Mortuary Stela Reign of Horus-Wahenekh-Intef I.... Royal Tomb Stela Reign of Horus-Nakhtneb-Tepnefer-Intef I1.. Stela of Thethi Reign of Nibhotep-Mentuhotep I..... Temple Fragments from Gebelen.... Reigns of Intef I11 and Nibkhrure-Mentuhotep I1. Relief near Assuan THE ELEVENTH DYNASTY Reign of Senekhkere-Mentuhotep I11 Hammamat Inscription of Henu.... Reign of Nibtowere-Mentuhotep IV.... HammamatInscriptions I The First Wonder I1. The Official Tablet..... I11 The Commander's Tablet.... IV. The Second Wonder. V. Completion of the Work.... Stela of Eti DYNASTY Chronology of Twelfth Dynasty Reign of Amenemhet I Inscription of Khnumhotep I Hammamat Inscription of Intef Inscription of Nessumontu Inscription of Korusko The Teaching of Amenemhet Dedication Inscription The Tale of Sinuhe Reign of Sesostris I THE TWELFTH The Building Inscription of the Temple of Heliopolis. Inscription of Meri Wadi Halfa Inscription of Mentuhotep.... Inscription of Amenemhet (Ameni)..... Stela of Ikudidi Inscription of Intefyoker

10 TABLE OF CONTENTS ix -~ 50 Inscriptions of Mentuhotep TheContractsofHepzefi I. First Contract I1. Second Contract I11. Third Contract IV. Fourth Contract V Fifth Contract VI. Sixth Contract VII. Seventh Contract VIII. Eighth Contract IX. Ninth Contract X. Tenth Contract Reign of Amenemhet I Inscription of Simontu Inscription of Sihathor Sinai Inscription Stela of Khentemsemeti Reign of Sesostris I Inscription of Hapu Inscription of Khnumhotep I Reign of Sesostris I The Conquest of Nubia I. The Canal Inscriptions I. First Inscription I1. Second Inscription I1. The Elephantine Inscription I11 The First Semneh Stela IV. The Second Semneh Stela V Inscription of Ikhernofret.. VI. Inscription of Sisatet See also ff. and 687 HammamatInscription Stela of Sebek-Khu, called Zaa Inscriptions of Thuthotep Hammamat Inscriptions I 2 Inscriptions of Sinai I. Wadi Maghara I. Inscriptions of Khenemsu.....

11 x TABLE OF CONTENTS I1. Inscription of Harnakht... I11. Inscription of Sebekdidi... IV. Inscription of Ameni.... I1. Sarbiitel-Khadem..... I. Inscription of Sebek-hir-hab.. I1. Inscription of Ptahwer... I11. Inscription of Amenemhet... IV. Inscription of Harurre.... Turra Inscription Inscription of Sehetepibre..... Reign of Amenemhet IV KummehInscription Sinai Inscriptions FROM THE THIRTEENTH DYNASTY TO THE HYKSOS Reign of Sekhemre-Khutowe..... Records of Nile-Levels Reign of Neferhotep Great Abydos Stela Boundary Stela Reign of Nubkheprure-Intef Coptos Decree Reign of Khenzer Inscriptions of Ameniseneb..... THE EIGHTEENTH DYNASTY VOLUME I Reign of Ahmose I.. Biography of Ahmose. Son of Ebana.. I. Career under Ahmose I ( ).. I1. Career under Amenhotep I ( ). I11. Career under Thutmose I ( ). Biography of Ahmose-Pen-Nekhbet... I. Ahmose's Campaigns [Continued I1. Ahmose's Rewards..... I11. Ahmose's Summary.....

12 TABLE OF CONTENTS Quarry Inscription Karnak Stela Building Inscription Reign of Amenhotep I Biography of Ahmose. Son of Ebana... I1. Career under Amenhotep I ( ).. Biography of Ahmose-Pen-Nekhbet.... Career under Amenhotep I..... Biography of Ineni I Career under Amenhotep I. :.. I1. Career under Thutmose I Career under Thutmose I1.... IV. Career under Thutmose 111 and Hatshepsut Stela of Harmini Stela of Keres Reign of Thutmose I Coronation Decree Biographical Inscription of Thure.... Tombos Stela Inscriptions at the First Cataract.... I. Sehel Inscription I1 Sehel Inscription I11. Assuan Inscription Inscription of Ahmose. Son of Ebana... I11. Career under Thutmose I ( ).. Biography of Ahmose-Pen-Nekhbet.... Career under Thutmose I..... Karnak Obelisks Abydos Stela Biography of Ineni I1. Career under Thutmose I ( ).. Stela of Yuf Reign of Thutmose I Biography of Ineni Career under Thutmose I1.... Assuan Inscription Biography of Ahmose-Pen-Nekbet.... IV Career under Thutmose I1.....

13 xii TABLE OF CONTENTS Campaign in Syria The Ebony Shrine of Der el-bahri..... Reign of Thutmose I11 and Hatshepsut.... Introduction Inscription of the Coronation; Buildings and Offerings Semneh Temple Inscriptions I. Renewal of Sesostris 111's List of Offerings. I1. Dedication to Dedun and Sesostris I11.. Biography of Nebwawi I. The Statue Inscription I1. Abydos Stela The Birth of Queen Hatshepsut..... I. The Council of the Gods.... I1. Inteniews Between Amon and Thoth... I11. Amon with Queen Ahmose..... IV. Interview Between Amon and Khnum.. V. Khnum Fashions the Child..... VI. Interview Between Thoth and Queen Ahmose VII. Queen Ahmose is Led to Confinement.. VIII. The Birth IX. Presentation of the Child to Amon... X. Council of Amon and Hathor.... XI. The Nursing of the Child..... XI1. Second Interview of Amon and Thoth.. XI11. The Final Scene Statue of Enebni Vase Inscription The Coronation of Queen Hatshepsut.... I. The Purification I1. Amon presents the Child to All the Gods.. I11. The Northern Journey IV. Coronation by Atum V. Reception of the Crowns and the Names... VI. Proclamation as King before Amon... VII. Coronation before the Court..... VIII. Second Purification IX. Concluding Ceremonies Southern Pylon Inscription at Karnak....

14 TABLE OF CONTENTS The Punt Reliefs I Departure of the Fleet I1. Reception in Punt I11. The Traffic IV. Loading the Vessels V. The Return Voyage VI. Presentation of the Tribute to the Queen by the Chiefs of Punt, Irem and Nemyew... VII. The Queen Oflers the Gifts to Arnon... VIII. Weighing and Measuring the Gifts to Amon. IX. Formal Announcement of the Success of the Expedition before Amon X. Formal Announcement of the Success of the Expedition to the Court Inscription of the Speos Artemidos..... The Karnak Obelisks I. Shaft Inscriptions; Middle Columns... I1. Shaft Inscriptions; Side Columns.... I11. Base Inscription Reliefs of Transportation of Obelisks.... I. Transport I1. Reception in Thebes I11. Dedication of the Obelisks..... Rock Inscription in Wadi Maghara..... Building Inscription of Western Thebes.... Biography of Ineni IV. Career under Thutmose 111 and Hatshepsut. BiographyofAhmose-Pen-Nekhbet..... Conclusion of Summary Inscriptions of Senmut I. Inscriptions on the Karnak Statue... I1. Assuan Inscription I11. Inscriptions on the Berlin Statue.... Inscription of Thutiy Inscriptions of Puemre I. Statue of Inscription I1. Tomb Inscriptions Inscriptions of Hapuseneb

15 xiv TABLE OF CONTENTS Reign of Thutmose I The Annals TheAnnals: ConspectusofCampaigns.... I. Introduction I1. First Campaign (Year 23)..... Wadi Halfa Inscription Fragment on the Siege of Megiddo.... I11. Second Campaign (Year 24)..... IV. Third Campaign (Year 25)..... V. Fourth Campaign VI. Fifth Campaign (Year 29)..... VII. Sixth Campaign (Year 30) VIII Seventh Campaign (Year 31) IX Eighth Campaign (Year 33)..... X Ninth Campaign (Year 34)..... XI. TenthCampaign(Yearg5)..... XI1 Eleventh Campaign (Year 36).... XI11 Twelfth Campaign (Year 37).... XIV Thirteenth Campaign (Year 38).... XV. Fourteenth Campaign (Year 39).... XVI. Fifteenth Campaign XVII. Sixteenth Campaign XVIII Seventeenth Campaign XIX. Conclusion Feasts and Offerings from the Conquests... Biography of Amenemhab Fragments of Karnak Pylon VII..... Great Karnak Building Inscription..... Building Inscription of the Karnak Ptah-Temple.. Obelisks I Karnak Obelisks. I1 Lateran Obelisks. I11 Constantinople Obelisk..... IV London Obelisk. V. New York Obelisk... Medinet Habu Building Inscriptions.... Heliopolis Building Inscriptions..... Nubian Wars

16 . TABLE OF CONTENTS I Canal Inscription I1 Inscriptions of Nehi. Viceroy of Kush... I11. Offerings from the South Countries... Hymn of Victory Tomb of Rekhmire..... I. Appointment of Rekhmire as Vizier... I1. Duties of the Vizier I11. The Sitting of the Vizier..... IV. Reception of Petitions V.... Inspection of Taxes of Upper Egypt A. Above Thebes B. Below Thebes VI. Reception of Dues to the Amon-Temple.. VII. Inspection of Daily Offerings and of Monuments VIII Inspection of Craftsmen IX. Inspection of Sculptors and Builders... X. Reception of Foreign Tribute I. Karnak Stela XI. Accession of Amenhotep I1 Stela of Intef the Herald Tomb of Menkheperreseneb Stela of Nibamon Reign of Amenhotep I1 Asiatic Campaign I1. Amiida and Elephantine Stelc I11 Karnak Chapel Turra Inscription Tomb of Amenken KarnakBuildingInscription Biography of Amenemhab Reign of Thutmose IV Sphinx Stela Asiatic Campaign Konosso Inscription Lateran Obelisk Stela of Pe'aoke Reign of Amenhotep I Birth and Coronation

17 xvi TABLE OF CONTENTS I0 Nubian War I. Stela at First Cataract I1. Stela of Konosso I11. Bubastis Inscription IV. Semneh Inscription Tablet of Victory The Commemorative Scarabs I. Marriage with Tiy I1. Wild Cattle Hunt I11. Ten Years Lion-Hunting IV. Marriage with Kirgipa V. Construction of a Pleasure Lake Jubilee Celebrations Quarry and Mine Inscriptions Building Inscription I. Introduction ( ) I1. Temple of the (Memnon) Colossi ( ) Luxor Temple and Connected Buildings IV. Sacred Barge of Amon ( ) V. Third Pylon of Karnak ( ) VI. Temple of Soleb ( ) VII. Hymn of Amon to the King ( ) Building Inscriptions of the Soleb Temple Great Inscription of the Third Karnak Pylon Dedication Stela I. Speech of the King ( ) I1 Speech of Amon ( ) I11. Speech of the Divine Ennead ( ) I. Statue Inscription Mortuary Temple Edict Inscriptions of Amenhotep, Son of Hapi Statue of Nebnefer Reign of Ikhnaton Quarry Inscription at Silsileh Tomb of the Vizier Ramose The Tell El-Amarna Landmarks Assuan Tablet of the Architect Bek The Tell El-Arnarna Tombs

18 TABLE OF CONTENTS Tomb of Merire I Tomb of Merire I Tomb of Eye Tomb of Mai Tomb of Ahmose Tomb of Tutu Tomb of Huy Tomb of Huy I. Investiture of the Viceroy of Kush.. I1. Tribute of the North..... I11. Tribute of the South Reign of Tutenkhamon Reign of Eye. xvii Plan of Punt Reliefs LIST OF FIGURES PAGE.105 VOLUME I11 DYNASTY I. Leyden Fragments... THE NINETEENTH Reign of Harmhab Tomb of Harmhab I. Stela with Adoration Scene I1. Reward of Gold... I1 Vienna Fragment.... I11. Alexandria Fragments.. IV. British Museum Fragments. I. Doorposts.... I1. Stela with Three Hymns. V. Cairo Fragments... Coronation Inscription.... Graffiti in the Theban Necropolis. The Wars of Harmhab.... I. In the North.... I1. In the South... Edict of Harmhab.....

19 vviii TABLE OF CONTENTS I. Introduction ( ) Introduction: The King's Zeal for the Relief of the People ( ) Enactment Against Robbing the Poor of Dues for the Royal Breweries and Kitchens (ll ) IV. Enactment Against Robbing the Poor of Wood Due the Pharaoh ( )..... V. Enactment Against Exacting Dues from a Poor Man Thus Robbed ( ).... VI. Against Robbing the Poor of Dues for the Harem or the Gods by the Soldiers ( ).. VII. Enactments Against Unlawful Appropriation of Slave Service ( ) VIII. Enactment Against Stealing of Hides by the Soldiers ( ) IX. Against Connivance of Dishonest Inspectors with Thievish Tax-Collectors, for a Share of the Booty ( ) X. Enactment Against Stealing Vegetables Under Pretense of Collecting Taxes ( ).. XI. Enactments too Fragmentary for Analysis ( ) and Right Side (11. I, 2)..... XII. Narrative of the King's Reforms, Containing Also an Enactment Against Corrupt Judges ( ) XIII. Narrative of the King's Monthly Audiences and Largesses ( ) XIV. Laudation of the King, and Conclusion (Left Side) Tomb of Neferhotep Reign of Ramses I Wadi Halfa Stela Reign of Seti I Karnak Reliefs Scene I. March through Southern Palestine.. Scene 2. Battle with the Shasu..... Scene 3. Capture of Pekanan Scene 4. Capture of Yenoam......

20 TABLE OF CONTENTS xix Scene 5. Submission of the Chiefs of Lebanon.. Scenes 6 and 7. Binding and Carrying Away Prisoners Scene 8. Reception in Egypt Scene g. Presentation of Shasu Prisoners and Precious Vessels to Amon Scene 10. Presentation of Syrian Prisoners and Precious Vessels to Amon Scene 11. Slaying Prisoners Before Amon... Scene 12. First Battle with the Libyans... Scene 13. Second Battle with the Libyans... Scene 14. Return from Libyan War.... Scene 15. Presentation of Libyan Prisoners and Spoil to Amon Scene 16. Capture of Kadesh..... Scene 17 Battle with the Hittites Scene 18. Carrying off Hittite Prisoners... Scene 19. Presentation of Hittite Spoil and Prisoners to Amon Scene 20. Slaying Prisoners before Amon... Wadi Halfa Stela Inscriptions of Redesiyeh..... I. First Inscription I1. Second Inscription I. FirstCataractInscription..... I. Assuan Inscription Elephantine Stela I11. Third Inscription Building Inscriptions I1. Silsileh Quarry Stela Gebelh Quarry Inscription IV. Mortuary Temple at Thebes (Kurna)... V. Temple of Karnak VI. Mortuary Temple at Abydos..... VII. Temple Model of Heliopolis..... W I. Miscellaneous Reign of Rarnses I Great Abydos Inscription Kubban Stela

21 xx TABLE OF CONTENTS PI The Asiatic War I Beginning of the Hittite War I First Campaign I1. Second Campaign: The Battle of Kadesh a. Poem of the Battle of Mesh b. Official Record of the Battle of Kadesh c. The Reliefs of the Battle of Kadesh I. The Council of War The Camp I11 Ramses'Messengers IV. The Battle V The Defense of the Camp VI. After the Battle VII. Presentation of Captives to Amon I Reconquest of Southern Palestine I1. Reconquest of Northern Palestine I Conquest of Naharin I1. Treaty with the Hittites I11 Palestinian Revolt IV Campaign in Naharin Relations of Egypt with the Hittites after the War I. The Blessing of Ptah I1. Marriage Stela I11. Message of the Chief of Kheta to the Chief of Kode IV. Coptos Stela V Bentresh Stela Nubian Wars and References to Northern Wars I. Abu Simbel Temple I1. Bet el-walli Temple I11. Assuan Stela IV. Luxor Temple V. Abydos Temple VI. Tanis Stelae I11. Temple of Serreh Building Inscriptions I. Great Temple of Abu Simbel I1 Small Temple of Abu Simbel

22 . TABLE OF CONTENTS TV Temple of Derr V. Temple of SebQCa VI. Temple of el Kab VII. Temple of Luxor VIII. Temple of Karnak IX. The Ramesseum X. Temple of Kurna XI. Seti 1's Temple at Abydos and Great Abydos Inscription XI1. Ramses 11's Temple at Abydos.... XI11. Memphis Temples I. Great Abydos Inscription (1. 22)... 2 Blessing of Ptah (11. 32, 35)..... XIV. City of Tanis (Blessing of Ptah ( ). Stela of the Year Royal Jubilee Inscriptions I. First Gebel Silsileh Inscription.... I1. Bigeh Inscription I11. Second Gebel Silsileh Inscription.... IV. Third Gebel Silsileh Inscription.... V. Fourth Gebel Silsileh Inscription.... VI. Sehel Inscription VII. El Kab Inscription VIII. Fifth Gebel Silsileh Inscription.... IX. Sixth Gebel Silsileh Inscription.... Inscription of Beknekhonsu Reign of Merneptah The Invasion of Libyans and Mediterranean Peoples. I. The Great Karnak Inscription.... I1. The Cairo Column I11. The Athribis Stela IV. The Hymn of Victory Inscriptions of the High Priest of Amon, Roy.. Daybook of a Frontier Official Letter of a Frontier Official Reign of Siptah Nubian Graffiti xxi It '

23 xxii TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES Fig. r. Plan of the Reliefs of Seti I. on the North Wall of the Great Hall of Karnak Fig. 2. Seti I on the Route through Southern Palestine (Scene I) Fig. 3. Showing Two Superimposed Figures..... Fig. 4. Inserted Figure of "First King's-Son".... Fig. 5. An Unknown Prince Following the Chariot of Seti I (Scene 14) Fig. 6. Figure of an Unknown Prince Inserted in a ~ra~mentary Scene (5 130) Fig. 7. Map of the Orontes Valley in the Vicinity of Kadesh Fig. 8. March to Kadesh: First Positions..... Fig. g. Battle of Kadesh: Second Positions..... Fig. 10. Battle of Kadesh: Third Positions..... Fig. 11. Battle of Kadesh: Fourth Positions.... Fig. 12. Battle of Kadesh: Fifth Positions..... Fig. 13. The Modem Mound of Kadesh..... PAGE VOLUME IV THE TWENTIETH DYNASTY Reign of Ramses I Medinet Habu Temple Building and Dedication Inscriptions.... Historical Inscriptions I. Treasury of Medinet Habu Temple... I1. First Libyan War. Year I. Great Inscription in the Second Court (Year 5) I11. Northern War. Year I. Great Inscription on the Second Pylon. Year Relief Scenes Outside North Wall and in Second Court. Year N Second Libyan War

24 TABLE OF CONTENTS I. Great Inscription on the First Pylon (Medinet Habu) Poem on Second Libyan War Relief Scenes on First Pylon and Outside North Wall (Medinet Habu) Papyrus Harris V. The Syrian War VI. The Nubian War Medinet Habu Temple Calendar..... Act of Endowment of the Temples of Khnum.. Papyrus Harris Discussion of Content : I. Introduction I1. Theban Section I11 Heliopolitan Section IV. Memphite Section V. General Section (Small Temples)... VI. Summary VII. Historical Section Record of the Royal Jubilee Records of the Harem Conspiracy..... I. Appointment of the Court..... I1 The Condemned of the First Prosecution.. I11. The Condemned of the Second Prosecution. IV. The Condemned of the Third Prosecution.. V. The Condemned of the Fourth Prosecution.. The Acquitted VI VII. The Practicers of Magic..... Reign of Ramses IV Hammamat Stela I. The First Stela I1. The Second Stela Abydos Stela Building Inscription of the Khonsu Temple... Reign of Ramses V Tomb Dedication Reign of Ramses VI

25 xxiv TABLE OF CONTENTS Tomb of Penno Reign of Ramses VII Stela of Hori Reign of Ramses IX Inscriptions of the High Priest of Amon. Amenhotep I Building Inscriptions I1. Records of Rewards * The Records of the Royal Tomb-Robberies... I. Papyrus Abbott I1. Papyrus Amherst I11 Turin Fragment IV. Mayer Papyri Reign of Ramses XI The Report of Wenamon Records of the Restoration of the Royal Mummies. Letter to the Viceroy of Kush Building Inscriptions in the Temple of Khonsu.. THE TWENTY-FIRST DYNASTY The Twenty-First Dynasty Reign of Hrihor Inscriptions of the Temple of Khonsu.... Reign of Nesubenebded GebelCn Inscription Reign of the High Priest and King Paynozem I.. I. Paynozem I as High Priest..... BuildingInscriptions Records on the Royal Mummies.... I1. Paynozem I as King Records on the Royal Mumpies.... BuildingInscriptions High Priesthood of Menkheperre..... Stela of the Banishment Record of Restoration Karnak Graffito Records on the Royal Mummies..... High Priesthood of Paynozem I Records on the Priestly Mummies..... Records on the Royal Mummies.....

26 TABLE OF CONTENTS xxv Record of Paynozem 11's Burial..... Stela of the "Great Chief of Me. " Sheshonk.. High Priesthood of Pesibkhenno..... Records on Mummy-Wrappings..... Burial of Nesikhonsu Records on the Royal Mummies..... THETWENTY-SECONDDYNASTY Records of Nile-Levels at Karnak..... Reign of Sheshonk I Records on Mummy-Bandages of Zeptahefonekh.. Building Inscription Great Karnak Relief Presentation of Tribute Karnak Stela Dakhel Stela.. Reign of Osorkon I Record of Temple Gifts Reign of Takelot I Statue of the Nile-God Dedicated by the High Priest. Sheshonk Reign of Osorkon I Flood Inscription * Statue Inscription Jubilee Inscriptions Reign of Takelot I Graffito of Harsiese Stela of Kerome Reign of Sheshonk Annals of the High Priest of Amon. Osorkon... I. East of Door I1. West of Door FirstSerapeumStelaofPediese Record of Installation Reign of Pemou Second Serapeum Stela of Pediese..... Reign of Sheshonk IV Stela of Weshtehet

27 xxvi TABLE OF CONTENTS 00 Serapeurn Stela of Harpeson THETWENTY.THIRDDYNASTY Records of Nile-Levels at Karnak Reign of Osorkon I Will of Yewelot 795 Reign of Piankhi The Piankhi Stela THE TWENTY-FOURTH DYNASTY Reign of Bocchoris Serapeurn Stela: THE TWENTY-FIFTH DYNASTY Records of the Nile-Levels at Karnak.... Reign of Shabaka Building Inscription Reign of Taharka Tanis Stela Building Inscription in Large Cliff-Temple of Napata Inscription of Menternhet Serapeurn Stela Reign of Tanutamon Stela of Tanutarnon THE TWENTY-SIXTH Reign of Psarntik I DYNASTY Adoption Stela of Nitocris..... Statue Inscription of the Chief Steward. Ibe. First Serapeurn Stela Second Serapeurn Stela..... Statue Inscription of Hor..... Reign of Necho Serapeum Stela BuildingInscription Reign of Psamtik I Statue Inscription of Neferibre-Nofer.. Reign of Apries 'Serapeum Stela Stela of the Divine Consort Enekhnesneferibre Inscription of Nesuhor.....

28 TABLE OF CONTENTS Reign of Arnasis (Ahmose 11). Elephantine Stela... Serapeum Stela Statue Inscription of the General Ahmose Statue Inscription of Pefnefdineit.. Mortuary Stelre of the Priest Psamtik.. LIST OF FIGURES PAFIE Plan of Scenes and Inscriptions in Medinet Habu Temple.. 5

29 EXPLANATION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL SIGNS AND SPECIAL CHARACTERS I. The introductions to the documents are in twelvepoint type, like these lines. 2. All of the translations are in ten-point type, like this line. 3. In the footnotes and introductions all quotations from the documents in the original words of the translation are in italics, inclosed in quotation marks. Italics are not employed in the text of the volumes for any other purpose except for titles. 4. The lines of the original document are indicated in the translation by superior numbers. 5. The loss of a word in the original is indicated by -, two words by --, three words by ---, four words by ----, five words by , and more than five by. A word in the original is estimated at a "square7' as known to Egyptologists, and the estimate can be but a very rough one. 6. When any of the dashes, like those of No. 5, are inclosed in half-brackets, the dashes so inclosed indicate not lost, but uncertain words. Thus r-1 represents one uncertain word, r- -1 two uncertain words, and r 1 more than five uncertain words. 7. When a word or group of words are inclosed in halfbrackets, the words so inclosed are uncertain in meaning; that is, the translation is not above question. 8. Roman numerals I, 11, 111, and IV, not preceded by the title of any book or journal, refer to these four volumes of Historical Documents. The Arabic numerals following such Romans refer to the numbered paragraphs of these volumes. All paragraph marks (Q and $0, without a oma an) refer to paragraphs of the same volume. g. For signs used in transliteration, see Vol. I, p. xv. xxviii

30 THE EIGHTEENTH DYNASTY

31 REIGN OF AHMOSE I BIOGRAPHY OF AHMOSE, SON OF EBANAa I. This inscription" contains the biography of a naval officer, Ahmose, a nobleman of El Kab, who served with distinction under three successive kings: Ahmose I, Amenhotep I, and Thutmose I, his father having served under the predecessor of Ahmose I, Sekenenre. It is especially important, because it is our only contemp3rary source for the expulsion of the Hyksos, and forms, with the biography of Ahmose-Pen-Nekhbet (Q B I 7 ff.), our only source for the warsof the early Eighteenth Dynasty; for the royal records of this critical period have totally perished. The family of nomarchs at El Kabb were strong supporters of the rising dynasty, and it is clear that such loyalty was liberally rewarded with the gifts of slaves and land,' of which both the El Kab Ahmoses boast. It was by thus cementing a firm friendship with such local nobility that the first kings - aon the wall of Ahmose's cliff-tomb at El Kab; in two parts: the first, of 31 lines on the right-hand wall, and the second, of 8 lines, on the door-wall at the left of door. Text: Champollion, Notices descriptives, I, , only 26 lines, and very inaccurate; first completely published by Lepsius, Denkmaler, 111, 12, a and d; thence inaccurately copied by Rheinisch, Chrestomathie, P1. 6, omitting d; and equally incorrectly, Lemm, Lesestucke, 67; Bunsen, Egypt's Place, zd ed., V, 732, 733 (beginning only). I have collated the excellent Berlin squeezc (Nc. 172), which mostly sustains Lepsius, Denkmaler, but furnishes some important corrections. Valuable discussion of difficult passages by Piehl, Proceedings of the Socieby of Biblical Archeology, XV, , and Sphinx, 111, bthe family is far older than the Empire, and already under the Thirteenth Dynasty enjoyed the favor of the king (Lepsius, Denkmder, 111, 14, b); but it is impossible to trace the line back of Ahmose, son of Ebana's grandmother. ca boundary stone marking one limit of such a gift by Thutmose I was acquired hy the Berlin Museum in It reads: "Southern boundary of the fields given as a favor of the royal presence, to the orderly (snn) of his majesty, Nekri (Nkry); 150 stat," See a similar tablet in Mariette, Monuments divers, 47A, under Thutmose N. 3

32 4 EIGHTEENTH DYNASTY: AHMOSE I [B 2 of the Eighteenth Dynasty maintained themselves during their long and exhausting wars. The royal children were even intrusted to these El Kab princes, to be reared under their chargeja and they finally ruled from El Kab to Esneh. 2. The ten campaigns in which Ahmose took part are treated in the respective reigns under which they fall, as follows : I. Career under Ahmose I, (19 4 ff.). 11. Career under Amenhotep I, (Q 1 38 f.) Career under Thutmose I, ($1 78 ff.). 3. The immediate authorship of the inscription is established by the neighboring relief. Ahmose is represented as standing at the left, and before him is his grandson, Pahri (P '-Fry), accompanied by the following words: By the son of his daughter the conductor of the works in this tomb, perpetuating the name of the father of his mother, the draughtsmanc of Amon, Pahri,d triumphant. The long inscription was therefore executed by Ahmose's grandson, Pahri, who was a draughtsman. I. CAREER UNDER AHMOSE I [Ll. 1-24; continued f$38 ff.] 4. After an introduction and a few.words about his youth and parentage, Ahmose plunges directly into his first asee Tomb of Pahri, "Eleventh Memoir," Egyptian Exploration Fund, and Lepsius, Denkmder, 111, 10, b and 11, b. bpahri, grandson of Ahmose, son of Ebana, was "prince of Esneh (Yny.t), governor of the soulhern lands h't), satisfying the excellent heart of his lord from the House of Hathor to El Kab." Tylor, Tomb of Pahri, P csee Goodwin, Zeitschrift far iigyptische Sprache, 1872, 21. dhis tomb is the most interesting one at El Kab; see The Tomb of Pahri ef Kab, by Griffith and Tylor, "Eleventh Memoir," of Egyptian Exploration Fund.

33 8 51 BIOGRAPHY OF AHMOSE; SON OF EBANA 5 campaign, with an account of a siege of the city of Hatwaret (ht-w r't). This can be no other than the city called Avaris by Manetho (Josephus, Contra Apion, I, ~q), where, according to him, the Hyksos make their last stand in Egypt. a It is also mentioned as the residence of the Asiatics (C ' mw, 8 303,l. 37) by Hatshepsut, and by a papyrus of the late Nineteenth D~nasty,~ the residence of an Apophis; so that there is no doubt about the identification with Avaris. The siege, which must have lasted many years, was interrupted by the rebellion of some disaffected noble in Upper Egypt; but the city was finally captured, and the Hyksos, fleeing into Asia, were pursued to the city of Sharuhen (Josh. 19:6). Here they were besieged for six years by Ahmose I, and this stronghold was also captured. It was probably at the conclusion of this siege that Ahmose I pushed northward and invaded Syria, as narrated by Ahmose-Pen-Nekhbet (5 zo), probably still in pursuit of the last remnants of the Hyksos. 5. The king now returned, and carried his army to the other extreme of his domain, invading Nubia. He was recalled from a successful campaign there, to quell two successive rebellions, the last of the internal dissensions which had distracted the country since the fall of the Middle Kingdom. At this point the wars, and probably the reign, of Ahmose I closed, Ahmose, son of Ebana, having gained distinction in all his campaigns. aaccording to Egypt Exploration F ud Archreo2ogical Report (~goc-1901, IS), there is in Cairo a stela containing a reference to this war with the Hyksos, but I have been unable to gain any information concerning it. It is probably $30. bsallier I, 1-3; it contains a folk-tale narrating the cause of the war between a Hyksos king, Apophis in Avaris, and a Sekenenre, who was ruler (hk 3 in Thebes. Unfortunately, only the beginning is preserved. Most of the current translations and interpretations of this document are largely the products of a vivid irnagination.

34 6 EIGHTEENTH DYNASTY: AHMOSE I [i 6 Introductory Address 6. 'Chief of the sailors, Ahmose (Y h-ms), son of Ebana C- b3-n'), triumphant; =he says: "I will tell you, 0 all ye people; I will cause you to know the honors which came to me. I was presented with gold seven timesa in the presence 30f the whole land; male and female slaves likewise. I was endowed with very many fields." The fame of one valiant in his achievements shall not perish 4in this land f0rever.b His Youth 7. He speaks as follows: "I spent my youth in the city of NekhebC (Nbb), my father being an officer of the king of Upper and Lower Egypt, Sekenenre (Sknyn R -), triumphant, Baba (B' b '), %on of Royenet, (R3-yn't), was his name. Then I served as an officer in his stead, in the ship 'The Offering' in the time of the Lord of the Two Lands, Nebpehtire (Nb-phty-R C, Ahmose I), triumphant, 6while I was (still) young, not having taken a wife,d and while I was still sleeping in the r-1 garment.e Then after I set up a household, I was transferred 'to the northern fleet, because of my valor. I followed the king on footf when he rode abroad in his %hariot. Campaign against the Hyksos; Siege of Avaris 8. One besieged the city of Avaris (Ht-w r' t) ; I showed valor on footf before his majesty; then I was appointed sto (the ship) 'Shiningin-Memphis.'g aahmose has recorded elsewhere in his tomb (Lepsius, Denkmiiler, 111, 12, c) a list of the gifts he received, making a total of 9 men and 10 women; the total of land is lost. This does not agree with 'his narrative, which does not summarize, but in different gifts mentions in all 9 men and 7 women received from the king, and 8 men and 7 women captured. bthis last statement is probably a proverbial phrase; see Spiegelberg, Recueil, XXVI, 41, 42. cel Kab. dsee Miiller, Liebespoesie, 3. ethis is, of course, some garment worn by a youth; cf. the girdle of Uni's youth (I, 294, 1. I). flit., "on my two feet;" this is emphasized as land service, Ahmose being a naval officer. greward after the first battle at Avaris.

35 $121 BIOGRAPHY OF AHMOSE, SON OF EBANA 7 Second Battle of Avaris g. One fought on the water in the canal: Pezedku (P3-@kw) of Avaris. Then I fought hand to hand, I0I brought away a hand.a It was reported to the royal herald. One gave to me the gold of valor.b Third Battle of Avaris 10. Then there was again fighting in this place; I again fought hand to hand "there; I brought away a hand. One gave to me the gold of braverv in the second place. First Rebellion, Interrupting Siege of Avaris I I. One fought in this south of this city; lathen I brought away a living captive, a man; I descended into the water; behold, he was broughte as a seizure upon the road of this IS~ity,~ ('although') I crossed with him over the water. It was announced to the royal herald. Then one presentedf me with gold in double measure.g Capture of Avaris 12. One '4captured Avaris; I took captive there one man and three women, total four heads, his majesty gave them to me for sla~es.~ acut off as a trophy, from a slain enemy. breward after the second battle. CReward after the third battle. dthere can be no doubt that the word (km't) means here, as always elsewhere, "Egypt;" "this city" is then El Kab, for the word "south" is an adjective feminine agreeing with "Egypt." The phrase can only be translated into a language like Greek or German, thus: "in diesem siidlich von dieser Stadt befindlichen Aegypten." The siege of Avaris is therefore interrupted by a rebellion in upper Egypt, similar to the two later ones (85 IS, 16), and for this reason the narrative particularly specifies "this Egypt, sozllh,'etc." See also $ 13, 1. IS. econtrast with this the two men "captured as a seizure upon the ship of the enemy" (1. 21). There is no ground for the fanciful rendering, indicating that he lost his way! Ahmose means that, although obliged to descend to and cross over the water (of some canal) with his prisoner, he brought him away as safely as one seized upon the road of the city. *Read hr for myk (confusion from hieratic?), as in greward after the fourth battle. hreward after the fifth battle; apparently Avaris was captured on the fourth assault; but these brief references to fighting may each one indicate a whole season of the siege, which would then have lasted four years, as that of Sharuhen lasted six. See 3 13.

36 8 EIGHTEENTH DYNASTY: AHMOSE I Siege of Shuruhen 13. ISOne besieged Sharuhena (S >-r >-h >-n ') for 6 years,b (and) his majesty took it. Then I took captive there two women and one hand. 'bone gave me the gold of bravery, 'besides1 giving me the captives for slaves. Campaign against Nub& 14. Now, after his majesty had slain the Asiatics (Mntyw SB), 17he ascended the river to Khenthennofer (gnt-hn-nfr), to destroy the Nubian Troglod~tes;~ his majesty made a great slaughter among them. then I took captive there, two living men, and three hands. One presented me with gold in double measure, rbesidesl giving to me two female slavesd '9His majesty sailed down-stream, his heart joyous with the might of victory, (for) he had seized Southerners and Northerners. Second Rebellion 15. '"There came an enemy of the South; his fate, his destruction approached; the gods of the South seized him, and his majesty found him in Tintto-emu (Tynt-t J-C m ~ ). His ~ majesty camed him off "a living prisoner, and all his people carried captive. I carried away two acf. Josh. 1g:6. blepsius, Denkmiiler, has "5," which has been generally accepted; Champollion's text and Brugsch's translation have "6." I repeatedly examined the squeeze for this point with especial care; it has a clear "6." The correctness of the rendering "for 6 years" rather than "in the year 6" has been clearly demonstrated by Piehl (Proceedings of the Society of Biblical Archeology, XV, 258). Another proof is that m, the preposition here, is used all through the Beknekhonsu inscription (Munich) for "during" or "for" a period of years. This throws a new light on the whole Asiatic campaign, for the stubbornness of the besieged and the persistence of Ahmose are almost certainly an indication that the siege is an extension of the campaign against the Hyksos, who, having retreated to Shamhen, are here making their last stand. We may suppose, therefore, that the siege of Avaris itself also lasted many years, allowing opportunity for a rebellion in Upper Egypt. See 5 11, ccf. Miiller, Asien und Europa, 21. dthese slaves being women, are not the two captives just taken, as the translations of Renouf and Petrie indicate. elit., "She of the land of the water-suppb" (Cmw, "water-supply," occurs at Siut, I, 407, 1. 6, and in Rekhmire, $698, 1. 25); possibly the district of the first cataract is meant, as the rebellion was in the South. The name is elsewhere unknown.

37 H 171 BIOGRAPHY OF AHMOSE-PEN-NEKHBET 9 archersa as a seizure in the ship of the enemy;b one 22gave to me five heads besides pieces of land (amounting to) five stat (st in my city.d It was done to all the sailors likewise. Third Rebellion 16. Then came that fallen one,e "whose name was Teti-en ( T~Y-~ rc) $ he had gathered to himself rebe1s.g His majesty slew him and his servants: annihilatingi them. There were given %o me three heads, and fields (amounting to) five statj in my city. [Continued 38 ff.] BIOGRAPHY OF AHMOSE-PEN-NEKHBET 17. This El Kab nobleman, like Ahmose, son of Ebana ( ), served under the first kings of the Eighteenth Dynasty, but he lived to a greater age. Beginning his career under Ahmose I, he continued under Amenhotep I, Thutmose I, 11, and 111, and died enjoying the favor of Thutmose I11 and Hatshepsut. He has separated his athis hitherto uncertain word (myg3 is rendered tolerably certain by a scene in the tomb of Harmhab (Mimires de la mission fran~aise au Caire, V, P1. 111, foll. p. 434; see also 420)~ where it bears the determinative of shooting, and stands over a man with a bow, with the title "chief archer (myg >) of his majesty." bthe determinative indicates an enemy, not a proper name, but the meaning of the word p>t >) is unknown. The rendering "Mvreux" from Chabas is based on an impossible etymology. See Piehl, Sphinx, 111, 11. ca land measure containing about seven-tenths acres, here in apposition with "pieces of land." del Kab. eterm of contempt for a foe. f There is no reason for supposing that this is not the rebel's real name. On the contrary, this very name was especially common at this period; see the ushebtis published by Borchardt (Zeitschrift far agyptische Sprache, 32, pp. 113 f.). &it., "the wicked of heart." hwritten feminine(!) in the text. ilit., "as that which exists not." ia land measure containing about seven-tenths of an acre, here in apposition with "pieces of land."

38 10 EIGHTEENTH DYNASTY: AHMOSE I [Q 18 biography into three parts: his campaigns, a his rewards, and a summary. [Continued He enumerates his campaigns and his captures under Ahmose I, Amenhotep I, Thutmose I and 11. I. Career under Ahmose I 19. His meager reference to a campaign of Ahmose I in Zahi is our sole source of knowledge for that event. It probably followed the capture of Sharuhen. Campaign in Syria 20. 'Hereditary prince, count, wearer of the royal seal,e chief treasurer, herald 'of his Lord: -1, a gahmose, called Pen-Nekhbet (Pn-Nw't), triumphant; he says: "I followed King Nebpehtire (Nbphty-R C, Ahmose I), triumphant. 31 captured for him in Zahi (D '-hy) a living prisoner and a hand." [Continued Q 401 Campaigns, three originals: (I) statue-base belonging to Mr. Finlay, Zedschrt fiir agyptische Spruche, 1883, 77, 78; (2) statue-base in the Louvre, Lepsius, Auswahl & wichtigsten Urkun&n, XIV A; Prisse, Monuments igyptiens, IV; (3)' Ahmose's tomb-wall at El Kab, Lepsius, Denkder, 111, 43, a (lower lefthand corner), and Sethe, Utz&rszuhungen, I, 85. All sources have been collated. brewards, two originals: (I) statue-base belonging to Mr. Finlay, Zeitschrift fiir dgyptische Sprache, 1883, 78; (2) statue-bas: in the Louvre, Lepsius, Auswahl & wichtigsten Urkuh, XIV B; Prisse, Monumeds igyptiens, IV. CSummary, Ahmose's tomb-wall in El Kab, Lepsius, Denkmder, 111, 43, a, ; Sethe, Unterszuhungen, I, 85, corrected and revised; and partially, Lepsius, Denkmiiler, Text, IV, 46. dthe translation of the campaigns is distributed under the different reigns, under which he lived, because they furnish very important historical events, but his rewards and the summary, being more purely personal, are given in this reign. eall except the Finlay text insert other titles here, but, except the first, "sole companion," they are illegible. f All the other texts have whm kf c, which would mean "repeating captures." This unusual title was also in the rewards (1. 4). glines numbered from the Finlay statue text.

39 8 251 BIOGRAPHY OF AHMOSE-PEN-NEKHBET I I 2 I. I a a Ahmose, called Pen-Nekhbet ; he says: "By the ssovereign, who lives forever! I was not separated from the king upon the battlefield, from (the time of) 6King Nebpehtire (Ahmose I), triumphant, to King Okhepernere (Thutmose II), triumphant; I was in the favor 7of the king's presence, until King Menkheperre (Thutmose 111), living f~rever.~ 22. King Zeserkere (Amenhotep I), triumphant, gave to me, S ~ f gold: two bracelets, two necklaces, an armlet, a dagger, a headdress, a fan, and a mekhtebet King Okheperkere (Thutmose I), triumphant, gave to me, of gold: two bracelets, four necklaces, one armlet, six flies,c ~othree lions ;d two golden axes. 24. King Okhepernere (Thutmose II),e triumphant, gave to me of gold: three bracelets, six necklaces, three armlets, a mekhtebet; a silver axe." 25. I0gHe says, "I followed the Kings I1of Upper and Lower agypt, the gods; I was with '*their majesties when they went to the South and North country, in every place where they went; [from] IsKing Nebpehtire (Ahmose I), triumphant, King Zeserkere (Amenhotep I) [triumphant], King '40kheperkere (Thutmose I), triumphant, King aunimportant titles of Ahmose (see 5 20, 1. I) very fragmentary; lines are numbered according to text in Lepsius, Aumahl der wichtigsten Urkunden. bthis phrase shows that Thutmose I11 is still alive at this time, but Ahmose is now too old to be "upon the battlejkld," under him. CThese are golden flies, like those among Ahhotep's jewelry at Cairo. They were a decoration of honor. The word has been mistranslated "helmets." See Breasted, Proceedings of the Society of Biblical Archaology, 1900, pp. 94, 95. dcf. inscription of Amenemhab, $585. efinlay text, according to Maspero's copy, has Thutmose I; corrected by Maspero, Struggle of the Nations, 239, n. I, as above. fahmosels tomb-wall in El Kab; published by Lepsius, Denkmiiler, 111, 43, a, ; ibid., Text, IV, 46; Sethe, Untersuchungen, I, 85, corrected and revised, most of the lacunae restored from Lepsius' papers and his squeeze. gthe summary does not begin until 1. 10; 11. I and 2 contain an adoration of Re by Ahmose, and his titles occupy These 9 lines lack half their length.

40 12 EIGHTEENTH DYNASTY: AHMOSE I [9 26 Okhepernere (Thutmose 11), triumphant, until this Good God, King Menkheperre (Thutmose 111) 'swho is given life forever.= I have attained a good old age, having had a lifeb of royal favor, having hadb honor under their majesties and the love of me having been in the court." [Concluded in QUARRY INSCRIPTIONC 26. The inscription records the work of Neferperet, an official of Ahmose I, who, in the latter's twenty-second year, took out stone from the Ma Sara quarry, for the temples of Ptah and of Amon. The inscription is important, because it is the last dated document of Ahmose I, because it records the first resumption of building after the expulsion of the Hyksos, and for its reference to the Fenkhu, whose cattle were captured on some Asiatic campaign. Above, in a position of significant prominence in the queen's case, are the names and titles of Ahmose I, and his queen, Ahmose-Nefretiri (Y h-ms, nfr.t-yry). 27. 'Year 22 under the majesty of the king, Son of Re, Ahmose, who is given life. 'The quarry-chambers were opened a[ne]w; good limestone 30f Ayan (C nw) was taken out for his temples of myriads of year^],^ the temple of Ptah, the temple of Amon in southern Opet (Yp.t, Luxor), and all the monuments which his majesty made rfor himl. athis phrase after Thutmose 111's name shows that he was living at the time of this inscription; all the others were at this time "trimphant" (deceased). Hence Ahmose, now an old man, died under Thutrnose blit., "having been in a life," and "having been in how." con the wall of the limestone quarry of Mac Sara, just southeast of Cairo. Published by Vyse, Operations, 111, 99; Young, Hieroglyphics, 88; Lepsius, Denkmder, 111, 3, a = Champollion, Notices descriptives, 11, 488 = Rosellini, Monumenfi Stmici, I, IS; and Lepsius, Denkmiiler, 111, 3, b; the text of the last is the same as the preceding, but it represents a second inscription. Both are badly broken, but they supplement each other, so that practically nothing is lost. da conventional phrase applied to all temples, and refemng, of course, to their durability.