Netzwerkanalyse an Verstärkern

Transcription

1 Netzwerkanalyse an Verstärkern presented by Michael Benzinger Application Engineer - RF & MW

2 Agenda Netzwerkanalyse an Verstärkern Intorducing the PNA-X Gain Compression Intermodulation Distortion

3 Agilent VNA Solutions PNA-X, NVNA Industry-leading performance 10 MHz to 13.5/26.5/43.5/50/67 GHz Banded mm-wave to 2 THz Test Accessories PNA Performance VNA 10 MHz to 20, 40, 50, 67, 110 GHz Banded mm-wave to 2 THz FieldFox RF Analyzer 5 Hz to 4/6 GHz ENA-L Low cost VNA 300 khz to 1.5/3.0 GHz ENA World s most popular economy VNA 9 khz to 4.5, 8.5 GHz 300 khz to 20.0 GHz PNA-L World s most capable value VNA 300 khz to 6, 13.5, 20 GHz 10 MHz to 40, 50 GHz PNA-X receiver 8530A replacement Mm-wave solutions Up to 2 THz PNA-X Customer Presentation Page 3 Last update: Nov 2010

4 Replace RACKs and STACKs with the PNA-X! Save time, money, size, repair costs, downtime Improve accuracy, yield, margins VNA plus. Two sources with internal combiner Power meter Vector noise figure Pulse modulators/generators CW spectrum analyzer DC inputs Non-linear analysis Page 4 4 PNA-X Customer Presentation Last update: Nov 2010

5 ONE Instrument does it ALL! Gain, match, isolation Pulsed-RF IMD, spurs, harmonics, noise figure Page 5 PNA-X Customer Presentation Last update: Nov 2010

6 PNA-X: The Evolution of a top model continues Feb 2007 World s most accurate noise figure measurements Embedded-LO converter measurements For active-device characterization and tests Two and four ports, 10 MHz to 26.5 GHz Internal second source and signal combiner Unrivaled flexibility and configurability Internal pulse generators and modulators Very low source harmonics High receiver compression point Breakthrough nonlinear vector network analyzer Gain compression application Integrated true-mode stimulus Intermodulation distortion application PNA-X antenna measurement receiver Expanded frequency coverage: 13.5, 43.5, 50 GHz Expanded frequency coverage: 67, 110 GHz Page 6 PNA-X Customer Presentation Last update: Nov 2010

7 Leverage Your Investment to a Wide Range of Applications Mixer Test NVNA Amplifier Test Single Connection: Gain compression, IMD, noise figure, harmonics, true differential, PAE, hot S 22 Component characterization X-parameter extraction Pulse envelope domain Antenna Test 50 GHz 43.5 GHz 26.5 GHz 13.5 GHz T/R Module Test PNA-X Pulsed RF and DC 67 GHz 110 GHz Mm-wave Materials Measurements Signal Integrity Load pull Noise parameters Scanning Microwave Microscope Page 7 PNA-X Customer Presentation Last update: Nov 2010

8 PNA-X Offers Premier Network Analysis Performance Agilent s PNA-X Series network analyzers offer the highest performance, plus: 2- and 4-port versions Built-in second source and internal combiner for fast, convenient measurement setups Unrivaled flexibility and configurability Internal modulators and pulse generators for fast, simplified pulse measurements High accuracy noise figure measurements using Agilent s unique source-correction method Many software applications Large touch-screen display with intuitive user interface Page 8 PNA-X Customer Presentation Last update: Nov 2010

9 2-Port 13.5/26.5 GHz PNA-X Options 219, 224 rear panel IF inputs J11 J10 J9 J8 J7 J6 J5 J2 J1 RF OUT LO OUT R A B R1 R2 Source 1 OUT 1 OUT 2 Source 2 OUT 1 OUT 2 Pulse modulator LO To receivers Pulse modulator R1 Pulse generators R2 A 1 2 B 3 35 db 4 65 db 65 db 35 db Test port 1 Source 2 Output 1 Source 2 Output 2 Test port 2 RF jumpers Receiver Mechanical switch Page 9 PNA-X Customer Presentation Last update: Nov 2010

10 2-Port 13.5/26.5 GHz PNA-X Options 219, 224, V IF inputs rear panel J11 J10 J9 J8 J7 J6 J5 J2 J1 + - R1 Source 1 OUT 1 OUT 2 Pulse modulator RF OUT Source 2 OUT 1 OUT 2 Pulse modulator LO OUT R A B R1 R2 LO To receivers Noise receivers 10 MHz - 3 GHz / 26.5 GHz 65 db A 35 db Pulse generators R2 65 db B 35 db Noise source used for calibration only Test port 1 Source 2 Output 1 Source 2 Output 2 DUT Test port 2 Impedance tuner for noise figure measurements RF jumpers receiver Mechanical switch Page 10 PNA-X Customer Presentation Last update: Nov 2010

11 4-Port 13.5/26.5 GHz PNA-X Options 419, 423, 029 Noise source used for calibration only rear panel +28V IF inputs J11 J10 J9 J8 J7 J6 J5 J4 J3 J2 J1 + - R1 Source 1 OUT 1 OUT 2 Pulse modulator Signal combiner Source 2 OUT 1 OUT 2 Pulse modulator RF OUT LO OUT LO R A B C D Pulse generators To receivers Noise receivers 10 MHz - 3 GHz / 26.5 GHz 65 db A R3 C R4 D R2 B 35 db 35 db 35 db 65 db 65 db 65 db 35 db Test port 1 Test port 3 Test port 4 Test port 2 Impedance tuner for noise figure measurements RF jumpers Receiver Mechanical switch Page 11 PNA-X Customer Presentation Last update: Nov 2010

12 4-Port 67 GHz PNA-X Options 419, 423 rear panel IF inputs J7 J12 J6 J5 J4 J3 J2 J1 OUT 1 Source 1 OUT 2 RF2 OUT RF1 OUT LO OUT R A B C D R1 Pulse modulator Source 2 (standard) OUT 1 OUT 2 Pulse modulator To receivers R3 R4 R2 A C D B 50 db Signal combiner LO Pulse generators 50 db 50 db 50 db 50 db 50 db 50 db 50 db Test port 1 Test port 3 Test port 4 Test port 2 RF jumpers Receiver Mechanical switch Page 12 PNA-X Customer Presentation Last update: Nov 2010

13 SCMM: Single Connection Multiple Measurements All tests are completed with one contact per device Easily switch between measurements Minimize damage on devices Achieve the most accurate characterization Results in easy, repeatable and reliable measurements

14 Single Connection, Multiple Measurements Example 5 channel setup with full calibration. No need to connect or disconnect between measurements. S-parameters + pulse profile + IMD + gain compression + noise figure. Total time: 5.1s Previous ATE system took >186 s with less accuracy. PNA-X result: more accurate and ~ 37x faster Ch1: Standard S-parameters. 201 pts, 2-port cal, 1 khz IFBW. 500 ms Ch6: Pulse profile (S21), 401 pts, 2-port cal, using internal pulse gens/mods, 5 MHz IFBW. 33ms Ch2: Two-tone IMD using internal broadband combiner and two internal sources. 101 pts, src/rcvr cal, 100 Hz IFBW. 950ms Ch3: Fastest & most accurate amplifier gain compression. 101 pts, src/rcvr/mismatch cal correction. 10 khz IFBW. 450ms. Ch4: Fastest and most accurate amplifier noise figure measurement. 101 pts, source-corrected NF cal, 1 khz IFBW ms

15 Challenges of On-Wafer Device Tests Requires multiple stations to complete tests Probes contact bonding pads multiple times Probes leave marks with each contact Marks with one contact Marks with four contacts Issues: Degraded test accuracy Damaged devices Page 15 PNA-X Customer Presentation Last update: Nov 2010

16 PNA/PNA-X Series Provides Industry-Leading Applications Applications provide accuracy, speed, and convenience PNA-X exclusive applications Noise figure Gain compression IMD True-mode stimulus Nonlinear vector network analysis Applications across entire PNA series Pulsed S-parameters Frequency converters (including embedded-los) Multiport calibration Time domain Noise Figure (db) Frequency (GHz) Page 16 PNA-X Customer Presentation Last update: Nov 2010

17 Product Features Signal Sources Second internal source Two-tone intermodulation tests (and more) LO signal for testing mixers/converters About 30x faster than PNA/PSG combination About 100x faster than PSA/PSG combination Source improvements New upper frequency (67 GHz) High port power (~ +16 dbm) Low harmonics (> -60 dbc) Improves accuracy for harmonic and IMD tests Eliminates or reduces need for external filters Wide ALC range (40 db) Easily sweep power from linear to compression region OUT 1 Increased flexibility for optimizing power for two-source tests Source 1 OUT 2 Source 2 OUT 1 OUT 2 Page 17 PNA-X Customer Presentation Last update: Nov 2010

18 Product Features Test Set Flexible signal routing Internal signal combiner Use for IMD, Hot S22, phase versus drive measurements Easily switch between one and two source measurements Front panel jumpers to access couplers and receivers Add high-power components for power amplifier measurements Add reference mixer for mixer/converter measurements Rear-panel signal routing with mechanical switches Add signal-conditioning hardware like filters, amplifiers Add other test equipment to extend suite of measurements Page 18 PNA-X Customer Presentation Last update: Nov 2010

19 Product Features Receivers Outstanding receiver compression (0.1 db comp: +12 dbm) Improves dynamic linearity when measuring amplifiers Improves gain-compression accuracy PNA-X Page 19 PNA-X Customer Presentation Last update: Nov 2010

20 Product Features User Interface Crisply view data with 10.4 standard touch-screen, high-resolution display Quick and easy operation using hard/soft keys or pull-down menus Mouse zoom plus click and drag markers Convenient access to USB ports for ECal, flash drives, mouse, etc. Eight soft keys plus user key for your favorite functions Simplified set of hard keys (similar to 8753/8720/ENA) Page 20 PNA-X Customer Presentation Last update: Nov 2010

21 Product Features Rear Panel CPU = 2 GHz Core 2 Duo, 2 GB memory USB /100 Mbps 13 MHz GHz 3.2 GHz GHz Optional N1966A Pulse I/O Adapter Page 21 PNA-X Customer Presentation Last update: Nov 2010

22 Operation in Secure Environments Page 22 PNA-X Customer Presentation Last update: Nov 2010

23 Product Features - General Common PNA features Flexible channels, traces, windows Open Windows architecture LAN, GPIB, USB connectivity Built-in HELP system Advanced calibrations Unknown through, QSOLT, offset load Data-based with weighted-least-squares Automatic port extensions Match-corrected mixer calibrations ECal electronic calibration Remote programming Code compatible with current PNAs SCPI, COM, DCOM interface Channel Trace Trace Trace Trace Trace Page 23 PNA-X Customer Presentation Last update: Nov 2010

24 PNA-X Premier Network Analyzer with Opt 086 Gain Compression Application Makes Gain Compression measurements easier than ever! Page 24

25 What is Gain Compression? Page 25 PNA-X Customer Presentation Last update: Nov 2010

26 What is Gain Compression? A common amplifier specification. A parameter used to define the transition region between the linear and nonlinear region of an active device. Output Power (dbm) Compression region Saturated output power Linear region (slope = small-signal gain) Input Power (dbm)

27 Current Methods of Measuring Gain Compression and Related Issues Current methods: Use a signal generator, power splitter, power meter, and software.very slow. Accurate. Issues with current methods: Primary issue: Inconvenient and slow. Lots of data points. Lots of channels. Lots of synchronization. Lots of calibrations. Use a signal generator, spectrum analyzer, power meter, and software. Slow. Not very accurate. Secondary issue: Accuracy. Power stability; mismatch errors. Applying linear math (sparameter math) to nonlinear measurements (compression). You re trying to measure a 1 db delta. You don t have a wide margin of error. Use a network analyzer and software. Relatively fast, but includes inaccuracies and inconvenient.

28 A Typical Gain Compression Trace 2D Sweep Sweep Power per Frequency 1 db compression: Input power resulting in 1 drop in gain. Gain compression is a 2D measurement: sweep power + sweep frequency.

29 GCA measurement results Linear S-parameters Compare linear S11 to S11 at the compression point. Compression parameters

30 Let`s start the measurement! Page 30 PNA-X Customer Presentation Last update: Nov 2010

31 PNA-X s Gain Compression Application

32 SMART Sweep GCA s SMART sweep uses an optimized algorithm to find the desired compression point. SMART sweep measures fewer data points, but points that are selected based on a proprietary algorithm, which yields a very accurate characterization of the DUT over the desired range. It is therefore much faster than measuring all the finely spaced points on the power curve that are normally needed for the same level of accuracy.

33 Compression methods

34 Saving the 2D-data array to an external file Use external tools or simulation to further analyze 2D Data Compression vs. output power and frequency GCA Application Data Plotted 10 CompGain21 (db) GHz 4.1 GHz 4.2 GHz 4.3 GHz Input power (dbm) Page 34 PNA-X Customer Presentation Last update: Nov 2010

35 Safe Mode Setup

36 Visualization: Safe vs. Smart Safe Mode On Compression Compression Safe Mode Off

37 PNA-X Premier Network Analyzer with Opt 087 IMD Application Makes swept-imd measurements easier than ever! Page 37

38 Intermodulation Distortion (IMD) Measurements CW IMD Input: Constant frequency and power Output: Spectrum of main tones and IM products f 1 f 2 Swept IMD Input: Swept frequency or swept power Output: Response of main tones and IM products at frequency or power sweep range f 1 f 1 f 1 f 2 f 2 f 2 Page 38

39 Measuring IMD with Spectrum Analyzer f 1 f 1 f 2 f 2 It takes long time to measure many frequency or power points. It requires program to synchronize and store the results. A network analyzer is required for S-parameter measurements. Page 39

40 Measuring IMD with Network Analyzer Using Frequency Offset Mode (Without IMD Application) Stimulus Requires two sources Need signal combiner RCV Receiver Offset-tuned from stimulus Measures multiple IMD products Challenges Sources generate harmonics and IMD products Receiver compression generates IMD products Receiver needs to be tuned to every IMD product (requires multiple channels) Same setup also has to measure S-parameters Cal channel Gain Tone 1 Tone 2 IM3 Hi&Lo IP3 Need to find optimum setup Need to set up and calibrate many channels Swept-power IMD with VNA using FOM Page 40

41 PNA-X Premier Performance Network Analyzer with Option 087 IMD Application Measures distortion characteristic easier than ever! Achieves fast and accurate IMD measurements that are easy to set up and calibrate. Features a simple user interface that takes advantage of PNA-X s internal combiner and two internal sources with high power and low harmonics, further solidifying PNA-X as the best solution for active-device test. Measures tone powers, IMD products (dbm or dbc), and intercept points of order 2, 3, 5, 7, or 9 Sweep Fc, tone spacing, or tone power Spectrum measurements eliminate SA Works on 2- or 4- port PNA-X Page 41

42 Swept IMD Measurement Parameters Tone powers Low tone, high tone, or average Measured at input or output IMD products relative to carrier Low tone, high tone, or average 2 nd, 3 rd, 5 th, 7 th or 9 th order Measured at input or output Intercept point Low tone, high tone, or average Input or output referred Page 42

43 IMD Application Adds IM Spectrum and Swept IMD measurement classes, extending measurement suite with a single-connection Page 43

44 Swept IMD Measurements Sweep frequency or power of main tones, then measure IMD products and intercept points Page 44

45 Swept IMD Measurement Setup Specify center and delta frequencies Select sweep type Set tone powers, coupled or independent Set attenuators for optimum measurements Note that sweep settings and active fields depend on selected sweep type. Provides single place to set up swept IMD measurements, eliminating complicated settings for each source and receiver in multiple channels

46 IM Spectrum Measurements Measure output or reflected spectrum of main tones and IM products on a spectrum-analyzer-like display Often used for troubleshooting setups and for sanity checks Page 46

47 IM Spectrum Setup Define frequencies by order of IM tones or arbitrarily (Start/Stop or Center/Span); set main tone powers and source/receiver attenuators, or IM Spectrum can be coupled to a swept IMD channel. Page 47

48 2-Port PNA-X Two-Tone IMD Measurements rear panel J11 J10 J9 J8 J7 J2 J1 Options 219, 224 LO Source 1 OUT 1 OUT 2 Source 2 OUT 1 OUT 2 Pulse modulator To receivers Pulse modulator R1 A Pulse generators 1 2 R2 B 3 4 Test port 1 Source 2 Output 1 Source 2 Output 2 Test port 2 DUT Mechanical switch Receiver RF jumper Page 48

49 Let`s start the measurement! Page 49 PNA-X Customer Presentation Last update: Nov 2010

50 Swept IMD Sweep Types Sweep Type Center frequency (fc) Tone spacing (DeltaF) Tone Powers Diagram Sweep fc Swept Fixed Fixed Sweep DeltaF Fixed Swept Fixed Power Sweep Fixed Fixed Swept (Coupled or uncoupled) CW Fixed Fixed Fixed Segment Swept (as defined on segment table) Fixed Fixed Page 50

51 The PNA-X Network Analyzer Agilent Innovation Realized! PNA-X industry-first innovations: Industry s first 2-port network analyzer with internal second signal source Industry-leading performance with the best source harmonics and the most linear receivers Internal combining network for simplified two-tone measurements Internal modulators and pulse generators for fast, simplified pulsed measurements (pulse profiles up to 30 times faster than using external pulse generators) Rear panel access loops and internal switches for signal conditioning or single-connection multiple measurements Highest accuracy noise figure measurements The new industry standard in microwave network analysis from 10 MHz to 110 GHz Page 51 PNA-X Customer Presentation Last update: Nov 2010