Medieval Europe Notes Page 27

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1 Warm Up What are some stereotypical ideas you have of Medieval Europe? What comes to mind? Agenda Background of Medieval Europe Reading on Life in Medieval Times in Europe Defining the Medieval Period Classical Civilization (Beginning of European Civilization! Roman Empire) Medieval Europe (Fall of Rome! Before the Renaissance) Medieval Europe Notes Page 27 Modern Times (Renaissance! Today) The time period has also been called the Middle Ages and the Dark Ages Medieval Europe: Stages The Fall of the Roman Empire Early Medieval Europe (c ) High Medieval Europe (c ) Don t Copy Beginning of the Middle Ages Invasions End of the Roman emperors Late Medieval Europe (c ) Don t Copy H1

2 The Barbarian Invasions Rise of the Germanic Peoples From Asia: Huns and Magyars From the Germanic north: Saxons, Angles, and Goths Don t Copy Invasion of the Goths into the Roman Empire, a 19 th -century painting Ostrogoths: Italian peninsula Visigoths: modern-day Spain Angles and Saxons: modernday Britain Franks: central Europe Europe in 814 Don t Copy Clovis ( ) Established a Frankish kingdom in central Europe Conquered many competing tribes and regional Roman political leaders Converted to Christianity Don t Copy Charlemagne ( ) Powerful leader, strong Christian Created the Carolingian Empire Crowned by Pope Leo III as the first Holy Roman Emperor H2

3 The Vikings Warrior culture from Scandinavia Raided Europe Established settlements throughout Europe and even in North America A Viking longboat Feudalism A political, economic, and social system in which land was allocated in exchange for services; roles and obligations were clearly defined for all participants Originally developed as a means of protection and defense Roles in the Feudal System Lord Vassal Fief Manor Serf A French vassal receiving a feudal grant from the king Feudal serfs Feudal Power Relationships Knights LOYALTY, TAXES & SERVICE LOYALTY, TAXES, FOOD & MILITARY SERVICE FOOD & LABOR KING NOBLES VASSALS (KNIGHTS) LAND & TITLES LAND, POWER & PROTECTION SHELTER, LAND & PROTECTION Elite military soldiers Usually from the noble classes Stages of training: page, squire, knight Chivalry SERFS AND PEASANTS Statue of a medieval knight H3

4 The Medieval Tournament Means of practicing military skills Warm Up Who was the first European to Discover the Americas? What group/nationality was he a part of? Is he remembered or not and why do you think that is? Centers of noble life Purposes: Intimidation Military defense Residence Castles Break from the Lecture Page 28 Life on a Manor Sit quietly and read Once you are done reading, answer the attached questions 30 minutes total Complete unfinished parts for homework Warwick Castle, England Catholic Church Hierarchy The Pope Cardinals Archbishops Bishops The Church becomes more of a political entity Struggles with monarchs Expanded land ownership The Catholic Church Expands Its Power Priests Pope Gregory VII H4

5 The Monastic Movement Became popular in the 5th century Arose as a reaction against the increasing worldliness of the Church Monasteries: secluded religious communities Benedictine monasticism: vows of chastity, poverty, obedience St. Benedict The Inquisition Middle Ages Videos The Inquisition: special court established by the Church to combat heresy Accused heretics sometimes tortured Convicted heretics burned at the stake A suspected heretic being tortured by the Inquisition topics/middle-ages/videos/ robin-hood-and-thelongbow? m=528e394da93ae&s=unde fined&f=1&free=false topics/middle-ages/videos/ who-were-the-vikings? m=528e394da93ae&s=unde fined&f=1&free=false topics/middle-ages/videos/ weapons-of-the-middleages? m=528e394da93ae&s=unde fined&f=1&free=false topics/middle-ages/videos/ who-was-robin-hood? m=528e394da93ae&s=unde fined&f=1&free=false Universities Need for administrators Muslim knowledge, renewed interest in classical writings Warm Up Write half a page about what life was like on a manor. Come up to the front and get 10 pennies. A map of medieval European universities H5

6 Medieval Mongols & Russians The Mongol Empire Temuchin Genghis Khan (c ) Khublai Khan Advances against the Muslim world Advances against Europe The Development of Russia Kievan Rus The church Vladimir the Great (c. 987) Mongol invasion Alexander Nevsky (c ) Moscow Mussorgsky: Pictures At An Exhibition - La Cabane Sur Des Pattes De Poule, Baba Yaga (The Hut On Fowl's Legs) 2:58 Mussorgsky: Pictures At An Exhibition - La Grande Porte De Kiev (The Great Gate Of Kiev) 5:20 To the far right is the Great Gate of Kiev. This was built prior to the Mongol Invasion in Based on the picture and the second track, what do you think is the perception of Kievan Rus in Russian history? Why? Use evidence. Any other thoughts on the music? Music Break Baba Yaga Modest Mussorgsky Warm Up Map 10.4: Northern and Eastern Europe Write down the following questions to answer when we watch a crash course video in just a few minutes. Why is Medieval Europe referred to as the Dark Ages? Is this name accurate? What was life like in the Medieval Islamic World? What are 3 accomplishments of the Islamic World during this period? Same question as the one previous for China at the time. H6

7 Most powerful kingdom in Europe by the 14th century France England 1066: Norman Invasion William the Conqueror ( ) Brought feudalism to England Hugh Capet William the Conqueror Magna Carta (1215) Development of Parliament Conflict between King John and the English nobility Nobles rebelled against excessive taxation, forced King John to sign the Magna Carta in 1215 Limited power of the monarch Formal recognition that the king was not above the law rule of law A photograph of the Magna Carta Edward I Original parliament House of Lords: nobles and church lords House of Commons: knights and residents Approved taxes, discussed policies, worked with the monarch to make laws Islam in Europe Great Mosque of Córdoba Islamic forces took control of Spain in the early 8th century Muslim innovations Agriculture Architecture Math and science Read Introduction pdf Golden Age of Islam H7

8 Warm Up What Roman numerals do you know? What are the rules of Roman numerals? Golden Age of Islam Page 29 Rearrange into quads 7 minutes per placard set, 5 placards total There s no place like Rome will be your anchor activity (Page 30) Complete the Golden Age of Islam Worksheet as you read the information placards Warm Up What were 3 accomplishments you learned about from the Islamic Golden Age? Homework: Medieval Europe Quiz on Friday The Reconquista of Spain Muslims ruled the Iberian Peninsula for nearly 800 years Reconquista: Struggle between Christians and Muslims to control Spain King Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile Isabella and Ferdinand Map 10.2: Christian Reconquests in the Western Mediterranean Many city-states on the Italian peninsula Changed hands often; controlled at times by Germanic tribes, Byzantines, and the French Rome and the Papal States remained important Italian City-States Medieval Italy H8

9 The Crusades Goals of the Crusades: Convert nonbelievers Eliminate heretics Regain control of the Holy Land from the Muslims Louis IX of France leads crusaders against Damietta, in Egypt Pope Urban II What were his motives? For your brethren who live in the east are in urgent need of your help, and you must hasten to give them aid which has often been promised them [The Turks and Arabs] have attacked them and have occupied more and more of the lands of those Christians, and have overcome them in seven battles. They have killed and captured many, and have destroyed the churches and devastated the empire On this account I, or rather the Lord, beseech you as Christ s heralds to publish this everywhere and to persuade all people of whatever rank, footsoldiers and knights, poor and rich, to carry aid promptly to those Christians and to destroy that vile race from the lands of our friends. Pope Urban II What were his motives? I say this to those who are present, it meant also for those who are absent. Moreover Christ commands it All who die by the way, whether by land or by sea, or in battle against the pagans shall have immediate remission of sins. This I grant them through the power of God with which I am invested. O what a disgrace if such a despised and base race, which worships demons, should conquer a people which has the faith of omnipotent God and is made glorious with the name of Christ! The Late Middle Ages War Black Death Battle of Agincourt, 15th century The Hundred Years War: Causes The Hundred Years War: Struggles between French and English royal families over who would rule either country Conflicts over territory, trade The Hundred Years War: Battles England had early victories The French eventually expelled the British from mainland Europe English military innovation: the archer English ruler Edward III The Battle of Crecy, the first major battle of the Hundred Years War H9

10 Joan of Arc Joan of Arc Heroine of the war Had visions that told her to free France Fought with the army Captured, burned at the stake Joan of Arc being burned at the stake Tour de France, Final Day in Paris Norwegian Corner Warm Up Who fought in the 100 years war? Why? Architecture Many churches and cathedrals built during the Middle Ages Church designs Romanesque: cross Gothic: ribbed vault, flying buttress, stained glass Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris, France, a prime example of medieval Gothic architecture Flying Buttresses Look at them go! H10

11 Ribbed Vault Romanesque Cross Stained Glass Rose of Notre Dame Illuminated Manuscripts Manu scriptus Art form Made by monks, took forever "Page from the Book of Kells, 800 CE, scribed by Celtic monks Legacy of the Medieval Era Transitional period New kingdoms evolved The Church became a dominant force Modern institutions originated Bluff Time Make sure the numbers on the teams are even Any questions on the rules? H11

12 When did the Medieval Era Occur? 1 What were two reasons for going on the Crusades? 2 Who told the Europeans to go on the First Crusade? 1 2 What are the reasons for monasticism? Who founded Christianity in Russia? What was his reasoning? 1 Who was the first Holy Roman Emperor and who crowned him? 2 H12

13 1 How long was the hundred years war? What are the 5 positions within the Catholic hierarchy in order? 2 What is chivalry? Give 3 examples. 1 What year was the Magna Carta signed? What purpose did it serve? 2 H13