Number of widowed persons as a percentage of the total population aged 15 years and older. Total. Population:

Transcription

1 Life Domain: Population, Households and Families Goal Dimension: Socio-Economic Structure Measurement Dimension: Population and Household Structure Subdimension: Structure of Population by Marital Status Indicator: A7334 Widowed Persons Definition: Number of widowed persons as a percentage of the total population aged 15 years and older Population: Total Country EU-12 EU-15 EU-25 A 11,0 9,7 9,0 9,1 9,0 B 9,5 9,2 8,9 8,9 8,8 8,8 8,7 8,7 D 10,0 10,0 10,3 9,7 9,5 9,4 9,4 9,3 9,2 9,0 8,8 10,0 8,7 D-W D-E DK 8,3 8,3 8,4 8,4 8,5 8,5 8,5 8,5 8,5 8,5 8,5 8,5 8,4 8,4 8,4 8,3 8,3 8,2 8,1 8,1 8,0 7,9 7,8 7,7 E 9,0 8,9 8,7 8,7 8,8 8,7 8,6 8,4 8,2 8,3 8,3 8,4 8,2 8,2 8,1 8,0 8,0 7,9 8,0 8,1 F 9,3 9,3 9,2 8,8 8,8 8,7 8,6 8,4 8,4 8,4 8,3 8,3 8,2 8,3 8,0 FIN 8,4 8,4 8,4 8,4 8,4 8,4 8,4 8,4 8,4 8,3 8,3 8,2 8,1 8,0 8,0 7,9 7,8 7,7 7,6 7,5 6,0 5,9 5,9 GB 9,2 9,2 9,2 9,1 9,1 9,1 8,8 8,9 8,9 8,9 8,8 8,9 8,9 8,8 8,7 8,6 8,5 8,4 GR 8,0 8,1 9,1 I 8,8 8,8 9,0 9,0 9,0 9,0 9,0 9,0 9,0 9,1 9,1 9,1 IRL 7,5 7,4 7,3 7,3 6,7 6,8 6,8 6,6 6,0 N-IRL L 9,5 9,2 9,3 9,2 NL 6,9 6,9 6,9 7,0 7,0 7,0 7,0 7,0 7,0 7,0 7,0 7,0 7,0 7,0 6,9 6,9 6,9 6,7 5,6 5,4 5,4 P 8,2 8,1 S 8,1 8,2 8,2 8,2 8,3 8,3 8,3 8,3 8,2 8,2 8,1 8,1 8,0 8,0 7,9 7,9 7,8 7,8 7,7 7,8 7,8 7,7 7,5 7,4 UK 9,2 9,0 CY 6,4 6,3 5,9 CZ 9,6 10,0 9,9 9,7 9,3 9,2 9,1 8,9 EE H 10,2 10,4 10,6 10,7 10,8 10,9 11,0 11,1 11,1 11,2 11,2 11,2 11,2 11,3 11,3 11,4 11,4 11,4 11,4 11,5 11,5 11,6 11,6 11,6 11,6 LV LT 9,7 10,7 MT PL 8,5 8,6 9,0 9,0 9,8 9,3 SK 6,7 6,7 7,1 7,1 7,1 7,1 7,1 7,1 7,2 7,1 7,0 6,9 SI CH 7,3 7,3 7,3 7,3 7,2 7,2 7,2 7,2 7,3 7,2 7,3 7,3 7,2 7,2 7,2 7,2 7,1 7,1 N 8,0 8,1 8,1 8,2 8,2 8,2 8,3 8,3 8,3 8,2 8,2 8,3 8,2 8,2 8,2 8,1 8,1 8,1 8,0 7,9 7,8 39,2 7,6 7,4 U.S. 7,4 7,2 6,9 6,6 6,6 6,6 6,6 6,5 JAP 7,6 7,7 7,6 7,8 8,0 Source: s. next page

2 Sources of Indicator A7334 Widowed Persons Austria 1981: Österreichisches Statistisches Zentralamt (Östat), Statistisches Handbuch für die Republik Österreich, 1990 (results of population census of May 12, 1981); Austria 1991: Statistik Austria, Statistisches Jahrbuch Österreichs 2001 (results of population census of May 15, 1991); Austria : Statistik Österreich, Mikrozensus, Jahresergebnisse, 1996, 1997, 1998; Belgium 1981;1991: U.S. Bureau of the Census, International Data Base, available at Belgium : Institut National de Statistique (INS): Statistiques Demographiques, various years; Czech Republic , 1996,1997: Czech Statistical Office (CSO), Statistical Yearbook of the Czech Republic, various years; Czech Republic 1998: figures available online at Czech Republic 1999: figures available online at Cyprus 1982, 1992, 2001: Statistical Office Cyprus, Statistical Yearbook 2002; Denmark: Figures for Population: Eurostat; Figures for Marital Status : Danmarks Statistik, retrieval of database at Finland : Statistics Finland, Population Structure, Helsinki 2000; Finland : Statistics Finland; Statistical Yearbooks ; France , ,1991: Institut National de la Statistique et des Études Économiques (INSEE), Annuaire Statistique de la France, various years; France : Institut National de la Statistique et des Études Économiques (INSEE), La Situation Démographique en ; France 1999: Institut National de la Statistique et des Études Économiques (INSEE), Recensement de la population 1999, figures available online at Germany : Statistisches Bundesamt, Statistisches Jahrbuch für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland, various years; Great Britain : Office for National Statistics (ONS), Annual Abstract of Statistics; various years; Great Britain : Office for National Statistics (ONS), Marriage, Divorce and Adoption Statistics, Series FM2 No. 26; General Register Office for Scotland, Annual Report, various years; figures for Scotland provided by the General Register Office for Scotland; Greece 1981, 1991: National Statistical Service of Greece, Concise Statistical Yearbook of Greece, 1990, 1991 and 1996, 1997; Hungary: Hungarian Central Statistical Office (KSH), Statistical Yearbook of Hungary, various years; Ireland 1981, 1991: Central Statistics Office (CSO), Statistical Abstract, various years; Ireland 1986, 1988: United Nations, Demographic Yearbook 1990; Ireland 1996: U.S. Bureau of the Census, International Data Base available at Ireland : Central Statistics Office (CSO), Population and Migration Estimates; Italy 1981: Istituto Centrale di Statistica (ISTAT), Annuario Statistico Italiano, 1986; Italy : Istituto Nationale di Statistica (ISTAT), Popolazione per sesso, età e stato civile nelle province e nei grandi comuni, various years; Italy 1991:U.S. Bureau of the Census, International Data Base available at Italy 2000: Istituto Nationale di Statistica (ISTAT), figures available online at Japan: Statistics Bureau of Japan, Management and Coordination Agency, Government of Japan, Japan Statistical Yearbook 2001; ;Japan 2000: Statistics Bureau of Japan, Population of Japan 2000; ; Lithuania 1988, 2001: Statistical Office; Statistical Yearbook 2002; Luxembourg 1981, 1987, 1990, 1991: U.S. Bureau of the Census, International Data Base available at Netherlands , : Statistics Netherlands (CBS), Statistical Yearbook of Netherlands, various years; Netherlands : Statistics Netherlands (CBS), figures available online at Norway : Statistics Norway, Population Statistics 1996, Volume II, Population 1 January; Norway : Statistics Norway, Statistical Yearbook, various years; Poland : U.S. Bureau of the Census, International Data Base available at Poland 1988, 1995: Central Statistical Office of Poland (GUS), Demographic Yearbook of Poland 2000; Poland 2002: Statistical Yearbook Poland 2004; Portugal 1981, 1991: U.S. Bureau of the Census, International Data Base available at Slovakia: Statistical Office Slovakia, Statistical Yearbook various years; Spain: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), database available at Sweden 1980, 1981, : Statistics Sweden (SCB), Statistical Yearbook of Sweden; Sweden : Statistiska Centralbyran (SCB), Befolkningsstatistik 1993, 1999; Switzerland 1980, male/female: Bundesamt für Statistik (BFS), Bevölkerungsbewegung in der Schweiz 1993, 1998; Switzerland total: Bundesamt für Statistik (BFS): Statistisches Jahrbuch für die Schweiz, various years; Switzerland : Bundesamt für Statistik (BFS), Bevölkerungsbewegung in der Schweiz 1993, 1998; United Kingdom 1981, 1991: Office for National Statistics (ONS), Annual Abstract of Statistics, various years; United States: U.S. Bureau of the Census, International Data Base, available at

3 Life Domain: Population, Households and Families Goal Dimension: Socio-Economic Structure Measurement Dimension: Population and Household Structure Subdimension: Structure of Population by Marital Status Indicator: A7334 Widowed Persons Definition: Number of widowed persons as a percentage of the total population aged 15 years and older Population: Men Country EU-12 EU-15 EU-25 A 3,3 2,9 2,8 2,9 2,8 B 4,0 3,6 3,4 3,4 3,4 3,3 3,3 3,3 D 3,1 3,1 3,1 3,1 3,1 3,1 3,1 3,1 3,1 3,0 3,2 3,2 3,2 D-W D-E DK 3,7 3,7 3,7 3,7 3,7 3,7 3,6 3,6 3,6 3,6 3,6 3,6 3,6 3,6 3,6 3,6 3,6 3,5 3,5 3,5 3,5 3,4 3,4 3,4 E 3,5 3,3 3,3 3,2 3,2 3,2 3,2 3,0 2,9 2,9 3,0 3,0 3,0 2,8 2,8 2,8 2,7 2,8 2,8 2,8 F 3,3 3,3 3,3 3,1 3,0 3,0 2,9 2,9 2,9 2,8 2,8 2,8 2,8 2,8 2,8 2,7 2,7 2,7 2,7 2,7 2,7 FIN 2,7 2,7 2,7 2,7 2,7 2,7 2,7 2,7 2,7 2,7 2,7 2,7 2,6 2,6 2,6 2,6 2,6 2,6 2,6 2,5 2,0 2,0 2,0 2,0 GB 3,7 3,6 3,7 3,7 3,6 3,6 3,2 3,5 3,5 3,5 3,5 3,7 3,7 3,6 3,6 3,6 3,6 3,5 GR 2,3 2,6 2,6 I 3,1 3,0 2,9 2,9 2,9 2,9 2,9 2,9 2,9 2,9 2,9 2,9 IRL 3,1 3,1 3,0 3,0 2,7 2,9 3,0 2,8 2,5 N-IRL L 3,6 3,2 3,2 3,2 NL 2,7 2,7 2,6 2,6 2,6 2,6 2,5 2,5 2,5 2,5 2,5 2,5 2,6 2,5 2,5 2,6 2,6 2,5 P 3,0 3,1 S 3,6 3,6 3,6 3,5 3,5 3,5 3,5 3,4 3,4 3,3 3,3 3,3 3,3 3,3 3,2 3,2 3,2 3,1 3,1 3,2 3,2 3,2 3,1 3,1 UK 3,7 3,7 CY 2,7 2,5 2,3 CZ 2,8 3,2 3,1 3,1 2,8 2,8 2,7 2,7 EE H 3,5 3,6 3,7 3,7 3,8 3,8 3,8 3,9 3,9 3,9 3,9 3,9 3,9 3,9 3,9 3,9 3,9 3,9 3,9 3,9 3,9 3,8 3,8 3,8 3,8 LV LT 2,7 3,1 MT PL 2,5 2,5 2,7 2,9 3,0 2,9 SK 2,1 2,0 2,3 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,1 2,0 1,9 SI CH 2,6 2,6 2,6 2,6 2,5 2,5 2,5 2,5 2,5 2,5 N 3,4 3,4 3,4 3,3 3,3 3,3 3,3 3,3 3,2 3,2 3,2 3,2 3,2 3,1 3,1 3,1 3,1 3,1 3,1 3,0 3,0 2,9 2,9 2,9 U.S. 2,4 2,5 2,6 2,3 2,3 2,5 2,7 2,5 JAP 2,4 2,4 2,4 2,5 2,7 Source: s. next page

4 Sources of Indicator A7334 Widowed Persons Austria 1981: Österreichisches Statistisches Zentralamt (Östat), Statistisches Handbuch für die Republik Österreich, 1990 (results of population census of May 12, 1981); Austria 1991: Statistik Austria, Statistisches Jahrbuch Österreichs 2001 (results of population census of May 15, 1991); Austria : Statistik Österreich, Mikrozensus, Jahresergebnisse, 1996, 1997, 1998; Belgium 1981;1991: U.S. Bureau of the Census, International Data Base, available at Belgium : Institut National de Statistique (INS): Statistiques Demographiques, various years; Czech Republic , 1996,1997: Czech Statistical Office (CSO), Statistical Yearbook of the Czech Republic, various years; Czech Republic 1998: figures available online at Czech Republic 1999: figures available online at Cyprus 1982, 1992, 2001: Statistical Office Cyprus, Statistical Yearbook 2002; Denmark: Figures for Population: Eurostat; Figures for Marital Status : Danmarks Statistik, retrieval of database at Finland : Statistics Finland, Population Structure, Helsinki 2000; Finland : Statistics Finland; Statistical Yearbooks ; France , ,1991: Institut National de la Statistique et des Études Économiques (INSEE), Annuaire Statistique de la France, various years; France : Institut National de la Statistique et des Études Économiques (INSEE), La Situation Démographique en ; France 1999: Institut National de la Statistique et des Études Économiques (INSEE), Recensement de la population 1999, figures available online at France 1990, : Insee, La France en faits et chiffres, Online; Germany : Statistisches Bundesamt, Statistisches Jahrbuch für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland, various years; Great Britain : Office for National Statistics (ONS), Annual Abstract of Statistics; various years; Great Britain : Office for National Statistics (ONS), Marriage, Divorce and Adoption Statistics, Series FM2 No. 26; General Register Office for Scotland, Annual Report, various years; figures for Scotland provided by the General Register Office for Scotland; Greece 1981, 1991: National Statistical Service of Greece, Concise Statistical Yearbook of Greece, 1990, 1991 and 1996, 1997; Hungary: Hungarian Central Statistical Office (KSH), Statistical Yearbook of Hungary, various years; Ireland 1981, 1991: Central Statistics Office (CSO), Statistical Abstract, various years; Ireland 1986, 1988: United Nations, Demographic Yearbook 1990; Ireland 1996: U.S. Bureau of the Census, International Data Base available at Ireland : Central Statistics Office (CSO), Population and Migration Estimates; Italy 1981: Istituto Centrale di Statistica (ISTAT), Annuario Statistico Italiano, 1986; Italy : Istituto Nationale di Statistica (ISTAT), Popolazione per sesso, età e stato civile nelle province e nei grandi comuni, various years; Italy 1991:U.S. Bureau of the Census, International Data Base available at Italy 2000: Istituto Nationale di Statistica (ISTAT), figures available online at Japan: Statistics Bureau of Japan, Management and Co-ordination Agency, Government of Japan, Japan Statistical Yearbook 2001; ;Japan 2000: Statistics Bureau of Japan, Population of Japan 2000; Lithuania 1988, 2001: Statistical Office; Statistical Yearbook 2002; Luxembourg 1981, 1987, 1990, 1991: U.S. Bureau of the Census, International Data Base available at Netherlands , : Statistics Netherlands (CBS), Statistical Yearbook of Netherlands, various years; Netherlands : Statistics Netherlands (CBS), figures available online at Norway : Statistics Norway, Population Statistics 1996, Volume II, Population 1 January; Norway : Statistics Norway, Statistical Yearbook, various years; Poland : U.S. Bureau of the Census, International Data Base available at Poland 1988, 1995: Central Statistical Office of Poland (GUS), Demographic Yearbook of Poland 2000; Poland 2002: Statistical Yearbook Poland 2004; Portugal 1981, 1991: U.S. Bureau of the Census, International Data Base available at Slovakia: Statistical Office Slovakia, Statistical Yearbook various years; Spain: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), database available at Sweden 1980, 1981, : Statistics Sweden (SCB), Statistical Yearbook of Sweden; Sweden : Statistiska Centralbyran (SCB), Befolkningsstatistik 1993, 1999; Switzerland 1980, male/female: Bundesamt für Statistik (BFS), Bevölkerungsbewegung in der Schweiz 1993, 1998; Switzerland total: Bundesamt für Statistik (BFS): Statistisches Jahrbuch für die Schweiz, various years; Switzerland : Bundesamt für Statistik (BFS), Bevölkerungsbewegung in der Schweiz 1993, 1998; United Kingdom 1981, 1991: Office for National Statistics (ONS), Annual Abstract of Statistics, various years; United States: U.S. Bureau of the Census, International Data Base, available at

5 Life Domain: Population, Households and Families Goal Dimension: Socio-Economic Structure Measurement Dimension: Population and Household Structure Subdimension: Structure of Population by Marital Status Indicator: A7334 Widowed Persons Definition: Number of widowed persons as a percentage of the total population aged 15 years and older Population: Women Country EU-12 EU-15 EU-25 A 17,6 15,9 14,7 14,9 14,7 B 14,7 14,4 14,1 14,1 14,0 13,9 13,8 13,7 D 16,3 16,2 16,9 15,8 15,5 15,4 15,2 15,1 14,9 14,7 14,2 16,4 13,9 D-W D-E DK 12,7 12,8 12,8 12,9 13,0 13,1 13,1 13,1 13,2 13,2 13,2 13,1 13,1 13,0 13,0 12,9 12,8 12,7 12,6 12,5 12,3 12,2 12,0 11,8 E 14,0 14,0 13,7 13,8 13,9 13,8 13,6 13,4 13,1 13,3 13,3 13,4 13,0 13,2 13,0 12,9 12,8 12,7 12,9 13,0 F 14,9 14,8 14,8 14,2 14,1 14,0 13,9 13,8 13,6 13,5 13,5 13,4 13,3 13,2 13,3 13,0 13,0 13,0 12,9 12,8 12,7 FIN 13,7 13,7 13,7 13,7 13,7 13,7 13,7 13,7 13,6 13,6 13,4 13,3 13,2 13,1 12,9 12,8 12,7 12,5 12,4 12,2 3,5 9,8 9,7 9,6 GB 14,4 14,3 14,3 14,2 14,2 14,1 14,0 13,9 13,9 13,8 13,7 13,9 13,8 13,7 13,5 13,3 13,1 13,0 GR 13,2 13,4 15,4 I 14,0 14,2 14,6 14,6 14,6 14,6 14,7 14,7 14,7 14,8 14,8 14,8 IRL 11,8 11,7 11,6 11,4 10,5 10,6 10,5 10,2 9,5 N-IRL L 15,1 14,7 15,0 14,8 NL 11,0 11,0 11,1 11,1 11,2 11,2 11,2 11,3 11,3 11,3 11,3 11,3 11,3 11,2 11,2 11,2 11,1 10,8 P 12,8 12,5 S 12,5 12,6 12,7 12,8 12,8 12,9 12,9 12,9 12,9 12,8 12,7 12,7 12,6 12,5 12,4 12,4 12,3 12,2 12,1 12,4 12,2 12,0 11,8 11,6 UK 14,3 13,9 CY 10,0 9,9 9,2 CZ 15,8 16,2 16,1 15,9 15,3 15,1 14,9 14,8 EE H 16,3 16,6 16,8 17,0 17,2 17,3 17,5 17,6 17,7 17,8 17,8 17,8 17,8 17,9 18,0 18,0 18,1 18,1 18,2 18,2 18,3 18,5 18,5 18,5 18,4 LV LT 15,6 17,0 MT PL 14,0 14,1 14,7 14,7 16,0 15,1 SK 11,1 11,2 11,7 11,7 11,8 11,8 11,8 11,8 11,9 11,8 11,7 11,7 SI CH 11,6 11,5 11,7 11,7 11,6 11,6 11,5 11,5 11,4 11,4 N 12,5 12,6 12,7 12,8 12,9 13,0 13,0 13,1 13,1 13,1 13,1 13,1 13,1 13,0 13,0 12,9 12,9 12,8 12,7 12,6 12,5 12,3 12,1 11,9 U.S. 12,0 11,5 11,0 10,6 10,6 10,4 10,3 10,2 JAP 12,4 12,7 12,4 12,8 13,0 Source: s. next page

6 Sources of Indicator A7334 Widowed Persons Austria 1981: Österreichisches Statistisches Zentralamt (Östat), Statistisches Handbuch für die Republik Österreich, 1990 (results of population census of May 12, 1981); Austria 1991: Statistik Austria, Statistisches Jahrbuch Österreichs 2001 (results of population census of May 15, 1991); Austria : Statistik Österreich, Mikrozensus, Jahresergebnisse, 1996, 1997, 1998; Belgium 1981;1991: U.S. Bureau of the Census, International Data Base, available at Belgium : Institut National de Statistique (INS): Statistiques Demographiques, various years; Czech Republic , 1996,1997: Czech Statistical Office (CSO), Statistical Yearbook of the Czech Republic, various years; Czech Republic 1998: figures available online at Czech Republic 1999: figures available online at Cyprus 1982, 1992, 2001: Statistical Office Cyprus, Statistical Yearbook 2002 Denmark: Figures for Population: Eurostat; Figures for Marital Status : Danmarks Statistik, retrieval of database at : Statistics Finland, Population Structure, Helsinki 2000; Finland : Statistics Finland; Statistical Yearbooks ; France , ,1991: Institut National de la Statistique et des Études Économiques (INSEE), Annuaire Statistique de la France, various years; France : Institut National de la Statistique et des Études Économiques (INSEE), La Situation Démographique en ; France 1999: Institut National de la Statistique et des Études Économiques (INSEE), Recensement de la population 1999, figures available online at France 1990, : Insee, La France en faits et chiffres, Online; Germany : Statistisches Bundesamt, Statistisches Jahrbuch für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland, various years; Great Britain : Office for National Statistics (ONS), Annual Abstract of Statistics; various years; Great Britain : Office for National Statistics (ONS), Marriage, Divorce and Adoption Statistics, Series FM2 No. 26; General Register Office for Scotland, Annual Report, various years; figures for Scotland provided by the General Register Office for Scotland; Greece 1981, 1991: National Statistical Service of Greece, Concise Statistical Yearbook of Greece, 1990, 1991 and 1996, 1997; Hungary: Hungarian Central Statistical Office (KSH), Statistical Yearbook of Hungary, various years; Ireland 1981, 1991: Central Statistics Office (CSO), Statistical Abstract, various years; Ireland 1986, 1988: United Nations, Demographic Yearbook 1990; Ireland 1996: U.S. Bureau of the Census, International Data Base available at Ireland : Central Statistics Office (CSO), Population and Migration Estimates; Italy 1981: Istituto Centrale di Statistica (ISTAT), Annuario Statistico Italiano, 1986; Italy : Istituto Nationale di Statistica (ISTAT), Popolazione per sesso, età e stato civile nelle province e nei grandi comuni, various years; Italy 1991:U.S. Bureau of the Census, International Data Base available at Italy 2000: Istituto Nationale di Statistica (ISTAT), figures available online at Japan: Statistics Bureau of Japan, Management and Co-ordination Agency, Government of Japan, Japan Statistical Yearbook 2001; ;Japan 2000: Statistics Bureau of Japan, Population of Japan 2000; Lithuania 1988, 2001: Statistical Office; Statistical Yearbook 2002; Luxembourg 1981, 1987, 1990, 1991: U.S. Bureau of the Census, International Data Base available at Netherlands , : Statistics Netherlands (CBS), Statistical Yearbook of Netherlands, various years; Netherlands : Statistics Netherlands (CBS), figures available online at Norway : Statistics Norway, Population Statistics 1996, Volume II, Population 1 January; Norway : Statistics Norway, Statistical Yearbook, various years; Poland : U.S. Bureau of the Census, International Data Base available at Poland 1988, 1995: Central Statistical Office of Poland (GUS), Demographic Yearbook of Poland 2000; Poland 2002: Statistical Yearbook Poland 2004; Portugal 1981, 1991: U.S. Bureau of the Census, International Data Base available at Slovakia: Statistical Office Slovakia, Statistical Yearbook various years; Spain: Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), database available at Sweden 1980, 1981, : Statistics Sweden (SCB), Statistical Yearbook of Sweden; Sweden : Statistiska Centralbyran (SCB), Befolkningsstatistik 1993, 1999; Switzerland 1980, male/female: Bundesamt für Statistik (BFS), Bevölkerungsbewegung in der Schweiz 1993, 1998; Switzerland total: Bundesamt für Statistik (BFS): Statistisches Jahrbuch für die Schweiz, various years; Switzerland : Bundesamt für Statistik (BFS), Bevölkerungsbewegung in der Schweiz 1993, 1998; United Kingdom 1981, 1991: Office for National Statistics (ONS), Annual Abstract of Statistics, various years; United States: U.S. Bureau of the Census, International Data Base, available at