The most important cities of the Mycenaean culture period in Greece.
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1 Ancient Greece
2 Greek World
3
4 The most important cities of the Mycenaean culture period in Greece.
5 Mycenaean remains of the city in 1876 discovered by the famous archaeologist Heinrich Schliemann, following Homer's descriptions. (At the entrance to the citadel - a circular tomb.)
6 Mycenaean cities were surrounded by strong walls, with a huge defensive walls (Lion Gate, ~1250 BC).
7 Cyclopean masonry
8 One of the most significant contributions to architectural history megaron. Throne room space has become a prototype for future temples, including the Parthenon.
9 Perhaps the most impressive prehistoric Greece architectonic monument: Agamemnon tomb. ~1250 BC
10
11
12 Structurally distinctive triangular arches
13 P E R I O D S
14 Dark ages (ca BC 800 BC) Kr.)
15 Hydria
16 Olpe Archaic period in Greece ( BC)
17
18 Amfora, 332 BC Classical period (~ ).
19 Lekythos, c
20 Hellenistic period(~323-31)
21 U N D E R S T A N D I N G O F B E A U T Y I N A R C H I T E C T U R E
22 Temple of Hephaestus, Athens c. 450 BC Proportions, symmetry, the rectangular shape of a strict architectonic structure, where one of the most significant role plays the columns.
23 Temple of Hera in Paestum, Italy, 540 BC Strongest feature of Greek architecture in perfected design system creating Order system.
24 Structure of order
25
26 Temple of Apollo, Corinth, c. 550 BC Doric order, from c. 600 BC
27 Temple of Hera, Olympia c. 600 BC
28 Parthenon, c BC Architects: Iktinos and Kallikrates
29
30 Ionic order (from c. 560 BC)
31 Temple of Athena Nike, Athens Acropolis, c. 427 BC
32 Corinthian order. Starting from ~IV c. BC
33 Temple of Olympian Zeus, Athens. Finished by romans, 129 AD
34 Tuscan order introduced by romans ~ I c. BC
35 Arch of Titus, Rome, c. 82 AD On basis of Ionic and Corinthian orders Roman architects developed a new composite order
36 Erechtheion, arch. Mnesicles, BC, Caryatids.
37
38 Entasis
39
40 Proportions golden section
41
42 a : b= 1: 1,618; (0,618 fi ) a = 0,383, o b=0,618 fibonacci sequence: 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21. (3 : 5=0,6; 5 : 8=0,625; 8 : 13=0,615). 5:8, 8:13, 13:21, 21:34
43
44
45
46 Sculpture
47 Phidias working on Parthenon. 1868, Lawrence Alma-Tadema.
48
49
50 Polykleitos (V-IV c. BC.) Greek cannon of sculpture (proportions, contrapposto, naturalism) Hercules, Roman copy (Museo Nazionale Romano, Roma); Amazon, Roman copy. (Musei Capitolini, Roma)
51 C O N S T R U C T I O N T E C H N I Q U E S
52 The predominant method employed by the ancient Greeks was the post and lintel method. Post and lintel is a simple architrave where one horizontal beam, or lintel, is supported by two vertical posts.
53 Early temples were built of limestone. Later, the most important building in marble. Built without mortar, leveling the surface very carefully, and joining by metal
54 Built on a stone foundation euthynteria
55
56 Block chaining techniques
57 Stone masonry techniques.
58 Roofing techniques: a) Laconian (for living houses); b) Corinthian (for public architecture); c) Sicilian
59 Eupalinian aqueduct - is a tunnel of 1,036 m (3,399 ft) length in Samos, built in the 6th century BC. Consists of two parts - the service tunnel and the water tunnel.
60 Arches. Stadium of Delphes, from 5 c. BC.
61 F U N C T I O N A L T Y P E S : P U B L I C A R C H I T E C T U R E
62 Public nature of architecture.there is no Royal Palace.
63 Classical Ancient Temple (a) rectangle (and later, in Rome, and sometimes circular plan) (b) architectural order (c) oriented towards East, (d) the statue of the deity inside (e) the altar outside the main entrance (f) Temple came along with the Treasury. Temple of Hephaestus, Athens c. 450 BC
64 Elements of the temple: a) pronaos the front part of the porch b) naos the most important room in which stood themstatue of deity c) opistodomos rear of the house, sometimes equipped with a treasury.
65 Types of Temples
66 Temple of Artemis ~ 550 under the Cretan architect Chersiphron. From marble. 127 columns, 18 m. high. 356 BC destroyed in an act of arson by a young arsonist seeking fame named Herostratus. 323 BC rebuilt. 256 destroyed again.
67 Temple of Zeus at Olympia, BC
68 Fortuna Virilis Rome, 2 c BC. Roman temples followed the example of the Greeks
69 Acropolis (Gr. akros, akron, edge, extremity + polis, city,).
70 Reconstructed Acropolis of Helenistic period, Pergamon
71 Agora the main town square, which has grown along with the Greek city
72
73 Bouleuterion house of council boule. Public facilities in the western part of the Athens Agora : a) old bouleuterion; b) new bouleuterion; c) tholos,
74 Bouleuterion of Miletus, 1200 places
75 Prytaneion seat of government ancient Greece. The Prytaneion normally stood in centre of the city, in the agora. The building contained the holy fire of Hestia, the goddess of the hearth, and symbol of the life of the city.
76 Stoa - covered walkways or porticos, commonly for public usage
77
78 Stoa of Miletus.
79 Amphitheatre
80 The Theatre of Dionysus, Athens. An enlarged, stone-version of the theatre, which was built c. 325 BCE, seated between 14,000 to 17,000 spectators
81
82
83
84 Amphiteater of Epidaurus. ~300 BC.
85 Pergamon. 10 t. seats. ~ II c BC.
86 Odeion built for singing exercises, musical shows and poetry competitions. They were generally small in size.. Ephesus odeion (Roman period, c. 150 AD.)
87 Stadium elongated, narrow, rectangular field for athletic competition. Approximately 200 meters in length. Delphes, from 5 c. BC.
88 Stadium of Olympia. Up to 45 t. people
89 Hippodrome stadium for horse racing and chariot racing.
90 Gymanasium complex for sports and training. Gymnasium of Pompeya
91 Reconstruction of Sparta Gymnasium, J. Hoffmann, c A kind of public recreational space which gives a beginning for a public park
92 The ruins of gymnasium, Cyrenaica
93 Palaestra - wrestling school (in Olympia).
94 Beginning of the formation of public gardens and parks, as a precursor to the current city park.
95
96 Defensive architecture
97
98
99 F U N C T I O N A L T Y P E S : L I V I N G E N V I R O N M E N T
100 Early rectangular planning Paestum, 7 c. BC.
101 Hippodamus of Miletus (498 BC 408 BC)
102 Piraeus. Urban plan by Hippodamus
103 Olynthus.
104
105 The houses were built in blocks of 10 houses. Each house took approximately 18x18 area.
106 Reconstruction of wealthy residential building in Olynthus
107 iture/furniture2.htm Water is supplied to Athens by terracotta pipes to fountains and public pools.
108
109
110 Peristyle (c. 300 BC). Pella.
111
112 Andron
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