EMBEDDED SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION USING ARDUINO

Transcription

1 KAAV INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENCE, ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY EMBEDDED SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION USING ARDUINO HIRAL VEGDA School of Computer Studies, Ahmedabad University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India ABSTRACT In this paper, we look at the Arduino as an implementation for embedded systems. It gives the practical exposure to blink the LED using Arduino environment. Arduino can be used to develop interactive objects, taking inputs from a variety of switches or sensors, and controlling a variety of lights, motors, and other physical outputs. Arduino projects can be stand-alone, or they can be communicating with software running on your computer (e.g. Flash) The boards can be assembled by hand or purchased preassembled; the open-source IDE can be downloaded for free. The Arduino programming language is an implementation of Wiring, a similar physical computing platform, which is based on the Processing multimedia programming environment. KEYWORDS Embedded Systems, Arduino, Arduino UNO 33

2 1. INTRODUCTION This paper implements the embedded system using the Arduino Uno. It helps students build devices that would not, likely, be possible with other control platforms. This is mainly due to the Arduino community, which consists of not only traditional engineers and scientists, but has a large contingency of artists and hobbyists. The size of this community, the basic desire for users to get something working, and the open sharing of designs means students have access to a huge base of knowledge that they can leverage to build their systems. 2. What is an embedded system? An embedded system is a computer system designed for specific control functions within a larger system, often with real-time computing constraints. It is embedded as part of a complete device often including hardware and mechanical parts. By contrast, a general-purpose computer, such as a personal computer (PC), is designed to be flexible and to meet a wide range of end-user needs. Embedded systems control many devices in common use today. Embedded systems contain processing cores that are either microcontrollers or digital signal processors (DSP). The key characteristic, however, is being dedicated to handle a particular task. Since the embedded system is dedicated to specific tasks, design engineers can optimize it to reduce the size and cost of the product and increase the reliability and performance. Figure 1. Internals of an ADSL modem/router. Labelled parts include a microprocessor (4), RAM (6), and flash memory (7). Physically, embedded systems range from portable devices such as digital watches and MP3 players, to large stationary installations like traffic lights, factory controllers. Complexity varies from low, with a single microcontroller chip, to very high with multiple units, peripherals and networks mounted inside a large chassis or enclosure. 34

3 3. CHARACTERISTICS OF AN EMBEDDED SYSTEM (i) Embedded systems are designed to do some specific task, rather than be a general-purpose computer for multiple tasks. Some also have real-time performance constraints that must be met, for reasons such as safety and usability; others may have low or no performance requirements, allowing the system hardware to be simplified to reduce costs. (ii) Embedded systems are not always standalone devices. Many embedded systems consist of small, computerized parts within a larger device that serves a more general purpose. For example, the Gibson Robot Guitar features an embedded system for tuning the strings, but the overall purpose of the Robot Guitar is, of course, to play music.[5] Similarly, an embedded system in an automobile provides a specific function as a subsystem of the car itself. (iii)the program instructions written for embedded systems are referred to as firmware, and are stored in read-only memory or Flash memory chips. They run with limited computer hardware resources: little memory, small or non-existent keyboard or screen. 4. USER INTERFACE Embedded systems range from no user interface at all dedicated only to one task to complex graphical user interfaces that resemble modern computer desktop operating systems. Simple embedded devices use buttons, LEDs, graphic or character LCDs (for example popular HD44780 LCD) with a simple menu system. Some systems provide user interface remotely with the help of a serial (e.g. RS-232, USB, etc.) or network (e.g. Ethernet) connection. This approach gives several advantages: extends the capabilities of embedded system, avoids the cost of a display, allows us to build rich user interface on the PC. A good example of this is the combination of an embedded web server running on an embedded device (such as an IP camera) or a network routers. 5. ARDUINO AND ITS BENEFITS It is an open-source physical computing platform based on a simple microcontroller board, and a development environment for writing software for the board. Arduino can be used to develop interactive objects, taking inputs from a variety of switches or sensors, and controlling a variety of lights, motors, and other physical outputs. Arduino projects can be stand-alone, or they can be communicating with software running on your computer (e.g. Flash) The boards can be assembled by hand or purchased preassembled; the open-source IDE can be downloaded for free. 34

4 The Arduino programming language is an implementation of Wiring, a similar physical computing platform, which is based on the Processing multimedia programming environment. The basic system consists of a microcontroller with various peripheral interfaces that is programmed by an existing software platform. The Arduino can come in a number of form factors. For example, the Arduino Uno consists of an ATmega328 microprocessor, a USB to serial chip, and an AC to DC power converter. The Uno can either be built by hand or can be bought premade from a seller such as parkfun.com. The Arduino software platform is written in Java and is based, mainly, on Processing. The IDE is installed on a machine and then can program the UNO over the USB. The base IDE includes a number of examples for blinking LEDs, making noises, etc. The Uno is only one type of Arduino kit and others exist such as the Nano (for compact use), the LilyPad (for wearable applications), and Fio (for wireless communication). The major benefits of using Arduino are: Ease of setup - plug and play Many examples for controlling peripherals - preloaded in the IDE Many open source projects to look at Works on Windows, Linux, and Mac Low cost hardware - build or purchase prebuilt Low cost software free Low maintenance cost Can be programmed in an a number of languages including C 6. ARDUINO UNO The Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328 (datasheet). It has 14 digital input/output pins (of which 6 can be used as PWM- Pulse Width Modulation outputs), 6 analog inputs, a 16 MHz crystal oscillator, a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header, and a reset button. It contains everything needed to support the microcontroller; simply connect it to a computer with a USB cable or power it with a AC-to-DC adapter or battery to get started. 35

5 Figure 2. Arduino UNO 7. GETTING STARTED WITH ARDUINO ON WINDOWS 1. Get an Arduino board and USB cable 2. Download the Arduino environment 3. Connect the board 4. Install the drivers 5. Launch the Arduino application 6. Open the blink example 7. Select your board 8. Select your serial port 9. Upload the program 8. LED BLINK PROGRAM WITH ARDUINO ON WINDOWS Turns on an LED on for five seconds, then off for five seconds, repeatedly. // Pin 13 has an LED connected on most Arduino boards. // give it a name: int led = 13; // the setup routine runs once when you press reset: void setup() { // initialize the digital pin as an output. pinmode(led, OUTPUT); } // the loop routine runs over and over again forever: void loop() { 36

6 } digitalwrite(led, HIGH); // turn the LED on (HIGH is the voltage level) delay(5000); // wait for 5 seconds digitalwrite(led, LOW); // turn the LED off by making the voltage LOW delay(5000); // wait for 5 seconds Figure 3. LED Blink 9. CONCLUSION In this work, we can see how Arduino can be used for embedded system implementation. So, students who want to build their embedded system can use Arduino. It can even be used to detect intrusion in wired and wireless network environment. 10. REFERENCES [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] 37