MASTERY TEST. 1. The percentage of formed elements in blood is called the

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Hilary Dalton
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1 MASTERY TEST Now take the mastery test. Do not guess. Some questions may have more than one correct answer. As soon as you complete the test, correct it. Note your successes and failures so that you can read the chapter to meet your learning needs. 1. The percentage of formed elements in blood is called the 2. The intercellular material of blood is 3. Plasma represents % of a normal blood sample. 4. Cellular components of the immune system and formed elements of blood originate from a common stem cell known as a hematopoietic stem cell. a. True b. False

2 The biconcave shape of red blood cells a. provides an increased surface area for gas diffusion. b. moves the cell membrane closer to hemoglobin. c. allows the cell to move through capillaries. d. prevents clumping of cells. A normal red cell count is for an adult female and for an adult male. Red blood cells cannot reproduce because they lack a Red blood cell counts are important clinically because they provide information about a. blood viscosity. c. oxygen carrying capacity. b. bone marrow volume. d. dietary intake. In an adult, red blood cells are produced in a. the spleen. c. yellow marrow. b. red marrow. d. the liver. Which of the following represents the correct order of appearance of cells in red blood cell production? a, erythrocytes, hemocytoblasts, erythroblasts c. hemocytoblasts, erythrocytes, erythroblasts b. erythroblasts, hemocytoblasts, erythrocytes d. hemocytoblasts, erythroblasts, erythrocytes Red blood cell production is stimulated by a hormone,, that is released from the kidney in response to low oxygen concentration. Does statement a explain statement b? a. Vitamin BIZ and folic acid are necessary to cell growth and reproduction. b. The rate of red blood cell reproduction makes this process especially dependent on vitamin BIZ and folic acid. A lack of vitamin Biz is usually due to a. dietary deficiency. c. liver damage. b. a disorder of the stomach lining. d. kidney malfunction. Damaged red blood cells are destroyed by reticuloendothelial cells called a. leukocytes. c. neutrophils. b. macrophages. d. granulocytes. The heme portion of damaged red blood cells is decomposed into iron and a. biliverdin. c. bile. b. bilirubin. The most numerous type of white blood cell is the a. neutrophil. c. monocyte. b. eosinophil. d. lymphocyte. The white blood cell that has the longest life span is the a. basophil. c. thrombocyte. b. lymphocyte. d. eosinophil. The normal white blood cell count is to cells per cubic millimeter (mm3) of blood. The most mobile and active phagocytic leukocytes are a. eosinophils. b. neutrophils. c. monocytes. d. basophils. Does statement a explain statement b? a. All formed elements of blood derive fiom a common stem cell. b. In leukemia, overproduction of white blood cells leads to decreased production of red blood cells and platelets. The blood element concerned with the control of bleeding and the formation of clots is the

Match the functions and characteristics in the first column with the appropriate plasma proteins &om the second column. - 1. largest molecular size a albumins - 2.

3 Match the functions and characteristics in the first column with the appropriate plasma proteins &om the second column largest molecular size a albumins - 2. significant in maintaining osmotic b. globulins pressure c. fibrinogen - 3. transports lipids and fat-soluble vitamins - 4. antibody(ies) of immunity 5. plays a part in blood clotting All of the following nutrients are present in plasma except a. polysaccharides. c. chylomicrons. b. amino acids. d. cholesterol. List the plasma proteins. The gases that are normally dissolved in plasma include a. sulfur dioxide. c. oxygen. b. carbon dioxide. d. nitrogen. An increase in the blood level of nonprotein nitrogen can indicate a. positive nitrogen balance. c. pathologic cell metabolism. b. a kidney disorder. d. poor nutrition The most abundant plasma electrolytes are a. calcium. c. potassium. b. sodium. d. chlorides. The vasospasm that occurs in severed blood vessels is due to all of the following except a. direct stimulation of the vessel wall. b. release of norepinephrine. c. stimulation of pain receptors in injured tissue around the vessel. d. release of serotonin from platelets. A platelet plug begins to form when platelets are a. exposed to air. c, exposed to calcium. b. exposed to a rough surface. d. crushed. The basic event in the formation of a blood clot is the transformation of a soluble plasma protein, to a relatively insoluble protein,, Substances believed necessary to activate prothrombin are thought to include a. calcium ions. c. phospholipids. b. potassium ions. d. glucose. Prothrombin is a plasma protein that is produced by a. the kidney. b. the small intestine. c. the pancreas. d. the liver. Once a blood clot begins to form, it promotes still more clotting. This is an example of a feedback system. Widespread activation of the clotting mechanism, which uses up the supply of clotting factors and platelets, is called Laboratory tests used to evaluate the blood coagulation mechanisms are the and the Retraction of the clot, pulling the edges of the severed vessel closer together, is due to the action of a. serum formation. b. platelets. An enzyme that may be used to dissolve blood clots is c. vitamin K. d. vitamin C.

4 Match the functions and characteristics in the first column with the appropriate plasma proteins &om the second column largest molecular size a albumins - 2. significant in maintaining osmotic b. globulins pressure c. fibrinogen - 3. transports lipids and fat-soluble vitamins - 4. antibody(ies) of immunity 5. plays a part in blood clotting All of the following nutrients are present in plasma except a. polysaccharides. c. chylomicrons. b. amino acids. d. cholesterol. List the plasma proteins. The gases that are normally dissolved in plasma include a. sulfur dioxide. c. oxygen. b. carbon dioxide. d. nitrogen. An increase in the blood level of nonprotein nitrogen can indicate a. positive nitrogen balance. c. pathologic cell metabolism. b. a kidney disorder. d. poor nutrition The most abundant plasma electrolytes are a. calcium. c. potassium. b. sodium. d. chlorides. The vasospasm that occurs in severed blood vessels is due to all of the following except a. direct stimulation of the vessel wall. b. release of norepinephrine. c. stimulation of pain receptors in injured tissue around the vessel. d. release of serotonin from platelets. A platelet plug begins to form when platelets are a. exposed to air. c, exposed to calcium. b. exposed to a rough surface. d. crushed. The basic event in the formation of a blood clot is the transformation of a soluble plasma protein, to a relatively insoluble protein,, Substances believed necessary to activate prothrombin are thought to include a. calcium ions. c. phospholipids. b. potassium ions. d. glucose. Prothrombin is a plasma protein that is produced by a. the kidney. b. the small intestine. c. the pancreas. d. the liver. Once a blood clot begins to form, it promotes still more clotting. This is an example of a feedback system. Widespread activation of the clotting mechanism, which uses up the supply of clotting factors and platelets, is called Laboratory tests used to evaluate the blood coagulation mechanisms are the and the Retraction of the clot, pulling the edges of the severed vessel closer together, is due to the action of a. serum formation. b. platelets. An enzyme that may be used to dissolve blood clots is c. vitamin K. d. vitamin C.

Factors that prevent coagulation in a normal vascular system include all of the following except a. smooth, unbroken endothelium in blood c. heparin. vessels. d. vitamin K. b. a blood plasma protein called antithrombin.

5 Factors that prevent coagulation in a normal vascular system include all of the following except a. smooth, unbroken endothelium in blood c. heparin. vessels. d. vitamin K. b. a blood plasma protein called antithrombin. The application of medicinal leeches has been used as an adjunctive therapy to microsurgery to maintain the patency of small veins. a. True b. False The hereditary disease that is almost exclusively male and is due to the lack of one of several clotting factors is The clumping together of red blood cells when unlike types of blood are mixed is due to antibodies in the plasma and antigens in the a. thrombocytes. c. basophils. b. erythrocytes. d. eosinophils. A person with type A blood has a. antigen A and antibody B. c. antibodies A and B. b. antigens A and B. d. neither antibody A nor antibody B. Antibodies for Rh appear a. spontaneously as an inherited trait. c. only in response to stimulations by Rh b. only rarely for poorly understood reasons. antigens. An Rh-negative mother, carrying a fetus who is Rh-positive, may have an infant with a blood problem called An Rh-negative mother who delivers an Rh-positive baby is given prevent the condition in question 46. Which of the following blood types is a universal donor? a. 0 c. A b. AB d. B within 72 hours of delivery to

6 14 Mastery Test Answers 1. hematocrit 2. plasma a 5. a, b, c 6. 4,200,000-5,400,000; 4,600,000-6,200, nucleus 8. c 9. b 10. d 11. erythrpoietin 12. yes 13. b 14, b

7 15. a 16. a 17. b 18. 5,000 to 10, b,c 20. yes 2 I. platelet or thrombocyte 22. l.c,2.a,3.b,4.b,5.c 23. a 24. albumins, globulins, fibrinogen 25. b, c, d 26. b 27. b, d 28. b 29. b 30. fibrinogen, fibrin 31. a,c 32. d 33. positive 34. dissmeinated inhavascular coagulation 35. prothrombin time, partial prothrombin time 36. b 37. streptokinase 38. d 39. a 40. hemophilia 41. b 42. a 43. c 44. erythroblastosis fetalis 45. Rhogam 46. a

KEY CHAPTER 14: BLOOD OBJECTIVES. 1. Describe blood according to its tissue type and major functions.

KEY CHAPTER 14: BLOOD OBJECTIVES 1. Describe blood according to its tissue type and major functions. TISSUE TYPE? MAJOR FUNCTIONS connective Transport Maintenance of body temperature 2. Define the term