ICS 20I Unit 1: Introduction to Computers

Transcription

1 ICS 20I Unit 1: Introduction to Computers Day 2 Computer Hardware 1

2 Learning Goal: to be able to name the parts of a basic computer hardware WarmUp: What is a computer? A computer is a device that accepts information (in the form of digitalized data) and manipulates it for some result based on a program or sequence of instructions on how the data is to be processed. 2

3 Why/Where are computers used? anywhere a calculation is required or may be useful some applications are obviously connected to math, numbers, and large quantities of data science & engineering finance communication video & music processing 3

4 Hardware vs. Software Hardware and software are mutually dependent on each other. Both of them must work together to make a computer produce a useful output. Software cannot be utilized without supporting hardware. Hardware without set of programs to operate upon cannot be utilized and is useless. Different software applications can be loaded on a hardware to run different jobs. A software acts as an interface between the user and the hardware. If hardware is the 'heart' of a computer system, then software is its 'soul'. Both are complimentary to each other 4

5 Hardware Input devices keyboard, mouse etc. Output devices printer, monitor etc. Secondary storage devices Hard disk, CD, DVD etc. Internal components CPU, motherboard, RAM etc. Power Supply CPU RAM Expansion Card Motherboard Monitor Optical Disk Drive Mouse Hard Disk Drive Keyboard 5

6 ICS2OI U1 D2 Computer Components.notebook Internal Components the modern computer generally consists of six (6) primary components Central Processor Graphics Processor Working Memory Storage Power Supply Motherboard 6

7 CPU: Central Processing Unit CPU consists of the following features: CPU is considered as the brain of the computer. CPU performs all types of data processing operations. It stores data, intermediate results and instructions(program). It controls the operation of all parts of computer. CPU itself has following three components. Memory or Storage Unit Control Unit ALU(Arithmetic Logic Unit) 7

8 CPU: continued Memory: stores information, data or instructions as part of an operation. Stores final and intermediate results Control: the cpu is "in charge" of all the parts of the computer. It manages and coordinates the other units in the computer Arithemetic Logic: Decision making and calculations 8

9 Memory How is computer memory similar to human memory? Similar to human memory, computer memory has an upper limit. Similar to human memory, computer memory can be deleted. Similar to human memory, computer memory is used to recall data, images or instructions on how to complete tasks Memory is primarily of three types Cache Memory Primary Memory/Main Memory Secondary Memory 9

10 Main MemoryRAM random access memory (RAM) contains informaon, or data, that is currently in use by programs running on the computer when a program is finished with some data, it may not be lost right away, but it will be replaced if another program needs the space space in RAM is limited, so programs need to avoid taking up too much of it data in RAM is lost when the power of the computer is turned off memory is in the form of a semi conductor and is read/write...memory is erased when the machine is done performing its task. 10

11 Cache Memory Used to hold part of a program of data that are used frequently Advantage:fast, temporary memory, Disadvantage: expensive, limited capacity it is a highspeed access area that can be either a reserved section of main memory or storage device. Disk caching can dramatically improve the performance of applications because accessing a byte of data in RAM can be thousands of times faster than accessing a byte on a hard drive. 11

12 Main Memory Hard Drive/ Hard Disk/ Secondary Memory provides a more permanent storage for data/ less volatile much slower, so not good for immediate use of data data persists even if the power is disconnected somewhat portable can be removed and transferred to another computer uses a magnetic head and disk to write sequences of 1 and 0 12

13 ROMRead Only Memory The memory from which we can only read but cannot write on it. This type of memory is nonvolatile. The information is stored permanently in such memories during manufacture. ROM, stores such instructions that are required to start a computer. 13

14 Motherboard the motherboard bring all of the components of the computer together on a single circuit board and allows them to communicate with each other. A motherboard connects CPU, memory, hard drives, optical drives, video card, sound card, and other ports and expansion cards directly or via cables. It can be considered as the backbone of a computer. Popular Manufactures: Intel ASUS AOpen ABIT Biostar Gigabyte MSI 14

15 Fan and Heat Sink 15

16 ICS2OI U1 D2 Computer Components.notebook Internal Computer Components The following drawing illustrates components on the inside of a computer: The components inside a computer are: system or mother board power supply speaker connector ports expansion cards monitor cardc floppy drive hard drive CDROM CDROM Burner Modem Card Game Card Audio Card Network Interface Card (NIC) 16

17 Let's discuss: Integrated vs. Nonintegrated motherboard integrated comes with all connections/cards such as graphics, sound, usb, ethernet etc. nonintegrated does not come with connection pieces Tower case vs. desktop case more space for components on a tower case desktop case is smaller, takes up less space, portable tower case has better cooling dynamics 17

18 External System Board Connectors The following diagram illustrates the external connectors used to interface peripheral devices to the computer system board: 18