Hair and Fiber Evidence. B.M.C. Durfee High School
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1 Hair and Fiber Evidence B.M.C. Durfee High School
2 Objectives Describe the nature of hair and fiber evidence Explain the different components of a hair Describe how to collect hair and fiber evidence from crime scenes Explain how hair and fiber evidence samples are analyzed in the forensic laboratory
3 Introduction Hair & fibers are among the most common types of trace and transfer evidence found at crime scenes Suspects often leave hair and fibers from his own body & clothing at the crime scene Suspects often take some fibers from the crime scene as they leave
4 Characteristics of Hair Evidence Hair is created inside the hair follicle and becomes a non-living substance as it come to the surface of the skin Certain characteristic areas are developed during the formation and growth of the hair When you look at a hair pulled from a person s head, you will see two basic parts: o Root Can have DNA Normally embedded in the hair follicle o Shaft Part of hair we normally see
5 Characteristics of Hair Evidence When you view a hair sample under a microscope, you will see three main components: o Cuticle: Layer of scales covering the hair shaft Can have a variety of patterns Coronal Spinous Imbricate
6 Characteristics of Hair Evidence o Cortex: The main section of the hair Made up of elongated cells May have inclusions present: Cortical fusi (small air spaces) Pigment granules (hair color) Ovoid bodies (solid structures, spherical or oval shape)
7 Characteristics of Hair Evidence o Medulla: Center core of the hair Several different forms Translucent (allows light to pass) Opaque (no light can pass) Continuous Intermittent Fragmented Helps to determine if human or different species
8 Characteristics of Hair Evidence Hair can also be in different stages: o Resting (telogen hair) o Actively growing (anagen hair) o Transitioning out of growth (catagen hair)
9 Characteristics of Fiber Evidence Fibers can be natural, made from: o Plants o Minerals o Animals Fibers can be synthetic: o Nylon o Polyester etc. Cotton
10 Characteristics of Fiber Evidence How much fiber is transferred from its source depends upon several factors: o Amount of loose fibers available o Weave of the fabric o Mode of physical contact o Degree of contact o Environmental factors Cotton Fiber
11 Characteristics of Fiber Evidence There are many types of common fibers Unique fibers can help to tie a suspect to a crime o Produced in a small amount for a limited time o Unusual colors
12 Collecting Hair and Fiber Evidence From A Crime Scene Hairs & fibers can be picked up with: o Gloved fingertips or with clean tweezers or forceps o Through a vacuum fitted with a special hair and fiber collection attachment in the hose Filter needs to be changed after each use o Tape lift
13 Collecting Known Hair Standards From The Head of A Suspect or Victim Hair collected from a person's body is called the known standard First comb the sample area to remove loose hairs Then use tweezers and pull out hair samples to include the root Hair samples should be taken from different parts of the body
14 Hair Test Evidence Video Anthony defense tries to counter state hair test
15 Examining & Comparing Hair Samples In The Lab The hair is examined to see if it is human or another species The sample is looked at under the microscope to see if there is any blood, hair dye, grease, etc. Microscopic examinations help to narrow down the pool of potential donors: o Medulla patterns o Color o Reflectivity o Root type o Racial origin o Genetic markers
16 Examining & Comparing Hair Samples In The Lab Types of genetic markers: o ABO blood group o Sex of the donor o DNA (with hair root) o Mt-DNA (with hair shaft)
17 Examining Fiber Evidence In The Lab Different methods used: o The examiner can physically match two or more pieces of fabric that had been torn apart during the crime o The fibers can be examined under a microscope to determine characteristics such as: Color Texture Patterns Twist Cross-sectional appearance Surface characteristics
18 Examining Fiber Evidence In The Lab o Polarized light microscopy helps to identify the general class the fiber belongs to o Measure the physical characteristics of the fiber: Density Melting point Ash formation Tensile strength
19 Examining Fiber Evidence In The Lab o Chemical reagents can be used to test the solubility o Other instruments can be used to determine the chemical composition: Infrared spectroscopy Pyrolysis gas chromatography Scanning electron microscopes Atomic abortion Die comparison
20 Review Describe the nature of hair and fiber evidence: Suspects often leave hair and fibers from his own body & clothing at the crime scene Explain the different components of a hair: Cuticle- layer of scales covering the hair shaft Cortex- the main section of the hair Medulla- center core of the hair Describe how to collect hair and fiber evidence from crime scenes: Gloved fingertips or with clean tweezers or forceps Through a vacuum Tape lift
21 Review Explain how hair and fiber evidence samples are analyzed in the forensic laboratory: Fibers can be examined under a microscope Chemical reagents can be used to test the solubility Infrared spectroscopy Pyrolysis gas chromatography Scanning electron microscopes Atomic abortion Die comparison
22 Learn Long Live Long
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