Greek. Architecture. in Focus. Sample file

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1 Greek Architecture in Focus This Enrichment4You E-guide focuses on the Greek architecture. In this e-guide you will: *Read a brief historic overview of Greek architecture *Write a description of Greek architecture History (Greece), Art (Architecture Greek Temple Facade *Make a Greek Temple Facade ENRICHMENT4YOU Published by Henrich Incorporated Copyright 2006 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without first obtaining the written permission of the copyright owner.

2 INTRODUCTION ABOUT THIS ENRICHMENT GUIDE The purpose of this Enrichment4You e-guide is to provide an overview of the Acropolis. In this e-guide you will read a brief overview of Greek architecture with an emphases on the Acropolis. A step-by-step presentation with photographs of how to reproduce a Greek Temple Facade will be presented. Do not feel limited in the selection of suggested materials. Your finished Greek Temple Facade will incorporate artistic elements from traditional Greek architectural design. You may even design an original work of art. Have fun and be creative. 1. Overview of Greek Architecture - Pages Write a description of Greek Architecture - Writing Recipe - Page 4 3. ACTIVITY Make a Greek Temple Facade - Pages History (Greece), Art (Architecture Greek Temple Facade

OVER VERVIEW VIEW Greek architecture took form along the Aegean Sea when the Dorians migrated into Greece around 1000 BC. The Doric order style was the earliest form of Greek architecture.

3 OVER VERVIEW VIEW Greek architecture took form along the Aegean Sea when the Dorians migrated into Greece around 1000 BC. The Doric order style was the earliest form of Greek architecture. Most of the monuments erected at this time exhibited this architectural form. The Parthenon is an example of early Doric architecture. At Miletus, the most important Ionic buildings were built. The Erechtheum was an example of Ionic structures. The Corinthian order also began during this time. Corinthian buildings were very ornate. Rather than using mortar, the Greeks used finely cut stone joints. Although marble is often associated with ancient Greek buildings, rough stone covered with a marble dust and lime coating was also used. The Greeks built agoras (public meeting places, stoas (colonnaded shelters), monumental tombs, temples, propylaeas (city gates), stadiums, palaestrae (gymnasiums), and amphitheaters. History (Greece), Art (Architecture 1 Greek Temple Facade

4 GREEK ARCHITECTURAL TERMS: ANDRON - In ancient Greece, the part of a building used by men, especially the banquet room. ARCHITRAVE - In the classical orders, the lowest member of the entablature; the beam that spans from column to column, resting directly upon their capitals. The ornamental moldings around the faces of the jambs and lintel of a doorway or other opening. AULA - In ancient architecture, a court or hall, an open court attached to a house. CARYATIDS - load bearing statues. CORNICE - Any molded projection which crowns or finishes the part to which it is affixed. The third or uppermost division of an entablature, resting on the frieze. An ornamental molding, usually of wood or plaster, running around the walls of a room just below the ceiling; a crown molding; the molding forming the top member of a door or window frame. History (Greece), 2 Greek Temple Facade FRIEZE - The middle horizontal member of a classical entablature, above the architrave and below the cornice. GYNAECEUM / GYNAEKONITIS - That part of a Greek house, or a church reserved for women.

5 PEDIMENT - In classical architecture, the triangular gable end of the roof above the horizontal cornice, often filled with sculpture. Also called a front on when used to crown a subordinate feature, such as a window. PORTICO - A porch or covered walk consisting of a roof supported by columns; a colonnaded (continuous row of columns) porch. A freestanding roofed colonnade. ROSETTE - A round pattern with a carved or painted conventional floral motif; a circular or oval decorative wood plaque used in joinery, such as one applied to a wall to receive the end of a stair rail. An ornamental nailhead or screwhead. TRIGLYPH - The characteristic ornament of the Doric frieze, consisting of slightly raised blocks of three vertical bands separated by V-shaped grooves. The triglyphs alternated with plain or sculptured panels called metopes. History (Greece), 3 Greek Temple Facade

6 WRITE ABOUT DIRECTIONS: Follow the steps listed at the bottom of this page in order. Use the words provided under the different categories to help you write your paragraph. If you would like, add your own words to the categories. If appropriate, you may use more than one word from each column. GENERAL DESCRIPTION Classical architecture Three main styles: Doric - oldest style. Used mostly on mainland and western colonies Ionic - developed on Aegean Islands Corinthian -invented in Athens DECORATIONS Fresco Painted stones Carved friezes Acanthus leaf detail Egg and dart detail Depictions of god and goddess Depictions of historic events DETAILS OF THREE MAIN STYLES Doric - Hypaethral (roofless) and peripteral (surrounded by a single row of columns), sturdy columns with plain capitals and no bases Ionic - volutes (spiral scrolls on capitals) and acroteria (pediment ornaments) Corinthian - use of acanthus leaf on capitals. Basis for ancient Roman architecture FINISHES Brick wall with plaster Terra-cotta tile Wooden shutters White limestone exterior walls Slate roof Timber and rubble walls Roof of clay canal tiles FAMOUS BUILDINGS Greek theaters - Theatre at Epidaurus, Theater at Oeniadae Temples - Parthenon in Athens, Temple of Poseidon, Temple of Apollo Epicurus, Temple of Nike Apteros Public buildings - Treasury of Atreus, Acropolis TEMPLES Usually built on a steep hill Had a simple rectangular chamber An entrance porch with columns Sides and ends surrounded with a colonnade Harmony of proportions used in temple construction History (Greece), 4 Greek Temple Facade STEPS 1. Indent and write one or more sentences giving a general description of Greek architecture. 2. Write one or more sentences describing the details of the three main styles of Greek architecture. 3. Write one more sentences describing some famous buildings of Greek architecture. 4. Write several sentences detailing some decorations incorporated into Greek buildings. 5. Write one or more sentences describing surface finishes used on Greek buildings. 6. Write several sentences describing Greek temples.

Greek Architecture Influences America s Architecture. Designed and Created by Ann Wesley CEP 817

Greek Architecture Influences America s Architecture Designed and Created by Ann Wesley CEP 817 Contents I. What is Architecture? II. Architectural Terms III. Brief History IV. Architectural Influences