Mesopotamia & Egypt Notes Guide
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1 Name Day/Block Mesopotamia & Egypt Notes Guide SOL WHI.3 - The student will demonstrate knowledge of ancient river valley civilizations by... a) locating these civilizations in time and place 3500 to 500 BC 2000 to 500 BC Mesopotamia = Tigris and Euphrates River Valleys Hebrews: between Mediterranean Sea and Jordan River (Southwest Asia) Valley (Fertile Crescent in Southwest Asia) Egypt = Nile River Valley and Delta (Africa) Phoenicians: Mediterranean coast India = Indus River Valley (South Asia) Nubia = Upper (southern) Nile River (Africa) China = Huang He (Yellow) River Valley (East Asia) River Valleys offer good soil and water for farming; easily protected from invasion b) describing the development of social, political, and economic patterns, including slavery; Social Political Economic Hereditary Rulers (kept it in the family) = kings and pharaohs First states (city-states -> kingdoms -> empires) Use of metal for tools and weapons = better tools and weapons Rigid class structure Centralized government often Better tools = farming surplus based on religious authority Slavery was accepted Written law codes Increased trade = development of cities and slavery c/d) explaining the development of religious tradition, including the origins, beliefs, traditions, customs, and spread of Judaism Most early civilizations were polytheistic (believed in many gods) Only monotheistic group was the Hebrews (developed Judaism = Jews) Origins Beliefs/Traditions/Customs Spread Abraham = first leader Monotheistic (believed in one god) Exile = kicked out of places Moses = second leader Torah = holy book (written records and beliefs of Jews) Diaspora = scattering of Jews from their homeland Jerusalem = holy land Ten Commandments = written law code (moral and religious conduct) e) explaining the development of language and writing Pictograms = earliest written symbols Hieroglyphics = Egypt Cuneiform = Sumer Alphabet = Phoenicia
2 SOL WHI.4 - The student will demonstrate knowledge of ancient river valley civilizations by... a) describing Persia, including Zoroastrianism and the development of imperial bureaucracy Treated the people they conquered fairly Developed an imperial bureaucracy (broke the empire up into provinces) Built a road system Practiced religion of Zoroastrianism
3
4 Timeline 5000 BC 3100 BC 3000 BC 2340 BC 2000 BC 1800 BC 1600 BC 1200 BC 1100 BC 800 BC 600 BC 538 BC 332 BC
5 Importance of River Valleys River Valley = low-lying land formed by flowing water - Offered fresh water, a source of food, good soil, system of irrigation - Locations were easily defended - Stimulated agriculture => led to first civilizations What were the four major river valleys were civilizations first began? Why are river valleys great places to form settlements/civilizations?
6 Mesopotamia (The Fertile Crescent) Sumer was located between what two rivers? Sumerians: How did Sumerians use the rivers to their advantage?
7 Rulers Women had some rights property and business ownership! Polytheistic = What were Sumer s temples called?
8 Rulers Nobles Commoners Slaves 1st Writing System
9 What were some Sumerian art and technology contributions?
10 Akkadians: What did the Akkadian army use that made them stronger than other armies? Sargon
11 Babylonians: Hammurabi
12 When Hammurabi died, Babylon lost its power and Mesopotamia returned to little independent citystates Why was the Code of Hammurabi significant? What happened to Babylon after Hammurabi died?
13 Assyrians: Assryian Empire What was different about the Assyrian Army? What was Assurbanipal s lasting legacy?
14 How did they make it easier to govern their large empire? Why did the Assyrian Empire fall? Chaldeans (NeoBabylonians): ***Neo = New!!
15 Who does this remind us of? How did Nebuchadnezzar make Babylon more beautiful?
16 The Persian Empire: How did the Persians manage their large empire
17 Cyrus the Great How did the Persians treat the people they conquered? Used for trade Repleace system Made trade more Why would this make trade more fair?
18 Zoroastrianism Official Reliiogn of: Prophet = Preached about: Holy Book = God =
19 Phoenicians: Instead of living in one place, the Phoenicians established around the Mediterranean Phoenicians created the world s first letter. How did they spread their culture and alphabet?
20 Hebrews: Where did the Hebrews originate? Abraham How did Moses help the Hebrews? Which 2 Mesopotamian empires destroyed Israel/Judah?
21 Diaspora = 1st = 2nd = Monotheistic Torah = 10 Commandments =
22
23 Egypt and the Nile: Nile Egyptians believed their Pharaohs were descended from which god?
24 **Egyptian history is divided into: Old, Middle, and New Kingdoms Pyramids = = Places to bury someone How did Egyptians preserve bodies for the afterlife? What did Egyptians believe the afterlife was like?
25 What area to the south did Egypt expand into? What areas did they try to expand into with their military? What was significant about Hatshepsut?
26 How did Akhenaton try to change Egyptian religion? What did Ramses try to do? Was he successful?
27 Who were the Egyptians finally defeated by? Egyptian writing = Written on:
28 Rosetta Stone Math & Science Architecture
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