Activating Strategy. AP Lesson #89. What are the variations in reproduction? EQ: What structures allow animals to successfully reproduce?
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1 Activating Strategy Label as many parts of the male and female reproductive system as you can. AP Lesson #89 EQ: What structures allow animals to successfully reproduce? What are the variations in reproduction? Asexual offspring all have same genes (clones) no variation Sexual gametes (sperm & egg) fertilization mixing of genes variation 1
2 Where does fertilization occur? Joining of egg & sperm external usually aquatic animals internal usually land animals Where does development occur? External development in eggs fish & amphibians in water soft eggs= exchange across membrane birds & reptiles on land hard-shell amniotic eggs structures for exchange of food, O 2 & waste sharks & some snakes live births from eggs Internal placenta exchange food & waste live birth What hormones control human reproduction? Testosterone from testes functions sperm production 2 sexual characteristics Estrogen from ovaries functions egg production prepare uterus for fertilized egg 2 sexual characteristics LH & FSH testes or ovaries 2
3 How are sex hormones controlled in males? Hypothalamus GnRH Pituitary FSH & LH Testes testosterone Body cells What is the role of the male reproductive system? Sperm production spermatogenesis over 100 million produced per day! ~2.5 million released per drop! Sperm delivery Tail Midpiece Neck Mitochondria Head Nucleus Acrosome What are the main structures of the male reproductive system? Testicles produces sperm & hormones Scrotum sac that holds testicles outside of body Epididymis where sperm mature Vas deferens tubes for sperm to travel from testes to penis Prostate, seminal vesicles, Cowper s glands nutrient rich fluid to feed & protect sperm buffer to counteract acids in vagina 3
4 What are the main structures of the female reproductive system? Ovaries produces eggs & hormones Uterus nurtures fetus; lining builds up each month Fallopian tubes tubes for eggs to travel from ovaries to uterus Cervix opening to uterus, dilates 10cm (4 inches) for birthing baby Vagina birth canal for birthing baby What is oogenesis? Start-Stop Process Females are born with all of their eggs ~ they just are not mature Hormones signal the maturation of one egg at a time Meiosis 1 completed during egg maturation Meiosis 2 completed triggered by fertilization ovulation What must occur between reproductive systems to allow sexual reproduction to occur? Excitement Vasocongestion the filling of tissue with blood Plateau Direct stimulation of genitalia Orgasm rhythmic contractions of reproductive structures Ejaculation Resolution organs return to their normal state and muscles relax 4
5 Summarizing Strategy Assessment How are sperm created? Epididymis Testis Coiled seminiferous tubules Germ cell (diploid) Vas deferens 1 spermatocyte (diploid) 2 spermatocytes (haploid) Spermatids (haploid) MEIOSIS I MEIOSIS II Spermatozoa Cross-section of seminiferous tubule 5
6 What are the roles of female hormones? pituitary LH Regulate the Menstrual Cycle egg development FSH & LH FSH release from pituitary stimulates egg development & hormone ovulation = egg release release peak release = release of egg (ovulation) Estrogen corpus luteum released from ovary cells around developing egg stimulates growth of lining of uterus estrogen lowered levels = menstruation progesterone Progesterone released from corpus luteum in ovaries lining of uterus cells that used to take care of developing egg stimulates blood supply to lining of uterus lowered levels = menstruation days How does an egg mature in an ovary? 5. produces progesterone to maintain uterine lining 1. FSH triggers the maturation on and ovum 4. HC of LH cause the ovary to release the egg Activating Strategy Label as many parts of the male and female reproductive system as you can. 6
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