Herodotus Egypt is the gift of the Nile ANCIENT EGYPT

Transcription

1 Herodotus Egypt is the gift of the Nile ANCIENT EGYPT

2 Menes: United Egypt 3050 BC BEGINNING OF FIRST DYNASTY PHARAOH = GOD THEOCRACY

3 Egyptian history divided into 3 time periods: Old Kingdom, Middle Kingdom, New Kingdom OLD KINGDOM Time: 2650 BC 2150 BC # of dynasties 4 Accomplishments: Pyramid building Strong Central Government Strong Economy Stronger Arts Most peaceful time period

4 1 st ILLNESS Time: 2150 BC 2040 BC # of dynasties: 4 Reasons for collapse of Old Kingdom: 1)Collapse of central government and increase of independent provinces after reign of Pepi II (90 s) Normarchs looked to have gained power as Pepi aged and he could not prevent their rise, so they challenged central power 2)Climate Changes resulting in a decrease of the Nile's flooding, this had a huge impact on society central government was unable to deal with the results of this change power of pharaoh Nomarchs /other local rulers came up with a solutions to best irrigate their own territory

5 MIDDLE KINGDOM Time: 2040 BC 1640 BC # of dynasties: 3 Accomplishments: Pharaohs power -weakened nomarchs Nile flooded better Re-United Egypt -Mentuhotep II (2 nd founder) Building Campaign Stronger Economy Commoners had afterlife

6 2 nd ILLNESS Time: 1640 BC 1550 BC # of dynasties: 4 Reasons for fall of Middle Kingdom: 1)Division and Weakening of Egypt Lower Egypt (Nile Delta area) governed by foreign born leaders 2)Invasion by Hyksos allowed Pharaohs to continue ruling more concerned with Tribute a)bronze b)war from chariots c)better bow/arrow d) Nationalism e)new spinning/weaving These helped Egypt modernize

7 NEW KINGDOM Time: 1550 BC 1070 BC # of dynasties: 12 Accomplishments: 1)King Ahmose kicked Hyksos out of Egypt 2)Re-United Egypt 3)Very militaristic 4)Empire building 5)Extreme wealth/prosperity 6)Massive building campaign

8 NEW KINGDOM PHARAOHS Thutmose I BC 1492 BC expanded Egyptian borders Hammer of the Nubians -hung the Nubian king from prow of his ship 1 st to have tomb in Valley of the Kings Queen Hatshepsut 1518 BC 1484 BC possibly 1 st Female pharaoh dressed like a man wore beard increased trade/economy avoided war tremendous building program

9 NEW KINGDOM PHARAOHS Thutmose III 1479 BC 1425 BC Napoleon of Egypt Egyptian Empire reached its largest pierced ears Akhenaton 1352 BC 1334 BC Heretic King changed religion to monotheism -Aton was only god looked like a female everything associated with Akhenaton was destroyed after his death

10 NEW KINGDOM PHARAOHS Tutankamen (King Tut) 1333 BC 1325 BC Boy King (age 9) Re-Established polytheism 1922 Howard Carter found his tomb Curse of King Tut

11 King Tut Solid Gold 2500 lbs $13 million

12 NEW KINGDOM PHARAOHS Ramses II ( the Great) 1279 BC 1213 BC ruled 67 years children tremendous builder (Abu Simbel) consumed with his legacy (Master of Political Spin) -Battle of Kadesh (political spin) >v. Hittites (iron / 3 man chariots) >Official version TIE >Ramses version RAMSES WON -had monuments built inscribed with him winning -no contrary sources after death, gradual fall of Egyptian control overextended, revolts, immorality/corruption

13 EGYPTIAN RELIGION Polytheism Pharaohs = god took form of Horus (protector of Egypt) when ruling took form of Osiris at death (god of underworld) -at death life weighed against feather of MAAT >MAAT truth, justice, order, right living ~provided moral base KA eternal spirit continued to rule in afterlife -must preserve body = MUMMIFICATION

14 MUMMIFICATION Anubis god of embalming Removed organs (Canopic Jars) left the heart home for Ka 70 days Hired Mourners Opening of the Mouth Cermony priest touched mouth which restored the senses beginning of Journey to the Afterlife Book of the Dead passport through dangers of underworld Solar Bark Heart of the Two Truths

15 Egyptian Mummies Seti I BC Queen Tiye, wife of Amenhotep II B. C. E. Ramses II B. C. E.

16 Preparation for the Afterlife

17 JOURNEY Through the UNDERWORLD Book of the Dead passport through dangers of underworld Solar Bark Heart of the Two Truths Anubis weighed the heart against feather of MAAT -if judged as sinner = Devourer of Souls Ankh sign of life Buried in Pyramids (O.K.) Valley of Kings (N.K.)

18 JOURNEY Through the UNDERWORLD The dead travel on the Solar Bark. A boat for the journey is provided for a dead pharaoh in his tomb.

19 Egyptian Book of the Dead

20 The Final Judgement Anubis Horus Osiris

21 The Ankh The Cross of Life

22 ONLY WONDER OF ANCIENT WORLD THAT EXISTS

23 Shabtis: The Pharaoh s Servants in the Afterlife

24 Step Pyramid staircase to the stars

25 Red Pyramid

26 GIZA Great Pyramid

27 Bent Pyramid

28 The Valley of the Kings

29 VALLEY of the QUEENS BC Temple of Queen Hatshepsut

30 EGYPTIAN ACHIEVEMENTS Medicine Mummification Irrigation Calendar Astrology est. a form of Poor Man s Almanac Pyramids still exist (Mathematics) Hieroglyphics (wrote on Papyrus)

31 Hieroglyphics Alphabet 24 letters phonetic symbols

32 Jean Francois Champollion & the Rosetta Stone

33 Egyptian Math , ,000 1,000,000 What number is this?

34 LIFE EXPECTANCY >age 30 >living past 40 was rewarded by government MARRIAGE >similar to our concept of marriage >kids died w/in 1 st year (IMR = 60-70%) >children seen as a blessing if lived past 1 yr EDUCATION >boys from wealthy families from ages >poor families followed job of dad >girls focused on home/family BEAUTY FOOD >loved the body >facial hair = unclean > perfume cones >fish, beer, bread, honey, peas, beans, onions, lettuce/cabbage, turnips, figs, grapes >little/to no beef geography made it difficult