The Protestant Reformation. World History

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1 The Protestant Reformation World History

2 The Church During the Middle The Catholic Church dominated people s lives during the Middle Ages. The church became very involved in political affairs, including starting wars and fighting for money and other interests. Ages

3 Popes and Priests Become Corrupt Popes and priests begin to live very extravagant lives. The church also increased the prices of services such as marriages and baptisms. They used this money to beautify churches and other church properties.

4 The Church Sells Indulgences The Catholic Church during this time believed that souls too impure for heaven spent time in Purgatory. They believed indulgences could lessen this time. At first, people could get these indulgences through good deeds. During the late Middle Ages, these could be bought with money.

5 Martin Luther Protests the Church Martin Luther was a Catholic monk and teacher of theology. He became upset with the corruption and worldliness of the church. It drove him nuts when a priest in Wittenberg offered indulgence to anyone who offered money for the rebuilding of St. Peter s Cathedral. These could even be used to get dead relatives of the giver into heaven.

6 Luther Protests Luther nails 95 Theses, or complaints, to the door of the chapel in Wittenberg. He argued against indulgences. He said the pope couldn t free souls from Purgatory. He also said Christians could only be saved through faith,, not money.

7 Luther s s Ideas Spread Luther s s 95 Theses spread throughout Europe. He is called on to recant his views, instead, he says the Catholic church has no authority. He is excommunicated, or officially kicked out of the Catholic Church. He is called before the Pope at the Diet of Worms. He is made an outlaw by the pope.

8 The Beliefs of Martin Luther He believed that everyone has the same access to God through faith and the Bible. He wanted ordinary people to be able to read the Bible. He translated it into German. He allowed the clergy to marry and simplified complicated rituals. He banned indulgences and wanted every town to have a school to teach children to read the Bible. His followers became known as Protestants.

9 John Calvin and the Calvinists Calvin builds on Luther s s ideas. He preaches predestination,, or the idea that who will be saved and who won t t be was decided long ago. The world was divided into saints and sinners.

10 Calvin Creates a Theocracy in Geneva, Switzerland Calvin creates a government run by church leaders. This is called a theocracy. There were strict punishments for fighting, swearing, laughing in church, or dancing. They viewed themselves as a model for others. Many new religious sects spring up in Europe.

11 The Reformation in England In 1527, King Henry VIII (the eighth) of England was married to Catherine of Aragon. He wanted a male heir and only had a daughter, Mary Tudor. Henry wanted to marry Anne Boleyn. He asked the pope to annul his marriage. The pope does not allow it.

12 Henry Creates the Church of Henry creates the Church of England, or the Anglican Church. He appoints his own head of this church, who grants his divorce. He seizes land and money and property from the Catholic Church. Henry marries 6 times, but leaves just one son. Only two get beheaded. England

13 What Happens to the Wives? Catherine of Aragon: Divorced. Lived for three years after Henry divorced her in a series of lonely castles. Anne Boleyn: Executed. The reason given was adultery. Jane Seymour. Died two weeks after giving birth to Henry s s son, Edward. Anne of Cleves. Divorced. Married only seven months. Henry called her the Flanders Mare. Kathryn Howard. She was 19, he was 49. Executed for adultery. Katherine Parr. Widowed.

15 Religious Turmoil Follows Henry s Henry s nine year old son Edward VI takes the throne. He is a Protestant and there are uprisings against his changes in the church. He harshly suppresses these uprisings. Death

16 England Becomes Catholic Again After Edward dies in his teens, his half sister Mary Tudor became queen. She tried to make England Catholic again. Thousands of Protestants are burned at the stake. This earns her the nickname Bloody Mary.

18 Elizabeth Makes Compromises After Mary dies, Elizabeth I becomes the Queen of England. She makes gradual changes and makes the Church of England more like the Catholic Church. She stops the killing between Catholics and Protestants. She made England a Protestant country for good.

19 The Inquisition Throughout the rest of Europe, the Pope created the Inquisition,, which was a Church court set up during the Middle Ages to get rid of Protestantism. They used secret testimony, torture, and execution to get rid of Protestantism.

21 Persecution Continues Throughout Between 1450 and 1750, thousands of women died as the result of witch hunts throughout Europe. These women were accused of practicing magical deeds, sometimes with the help of the devil. Europe

22 Discrimination Against Jews Jews were pressured to convert to Christianity. Luther called for them to convert or leave Christian lands. Some Jews were forced to live in ghettos in many cities. These are separated parts of cities. Religious tolerance was not common.

The Protestant Reformation

The Protestant Reformation Mr. Montreuil April 2015 1 The Big Picture I can explain how the Protestant Reformation impacted Europe religiously, politically, & socially. This Lesson I can identify Reformation