Electric Circuits. Science Alabama Course of Study 1. Describe how electrical circuits can be used to produce light, heat, sound, and magnetic fields.

Transcription

1 Electric Circuits STUDENT NOTEBOOK GUIDE 4 th Grade Science Science Alabama Course of Study 1. Describe how electrical circuits can be used to produce light, heat, sound, and magnetic fields. Identifying ways to use and conserve electrical energy Identifying characteristics of parallel and series circuits Classifying materials as conductors, nonconductors, and insulators of electricity and heat Identifying relationships among charge, current, and potential energy Identifying components of a circuit TO BE USED AS A GUIDE FOR STUDENT NOTEBOOKING. 0

2 Electric Circuits Table of Contents Lesson 1- Thinking about Electricity and Its Properties Lesson 2- What Can Electricity Do? Lesson 3- A Closer Look At Circuits Lesson 4- What Is Inside a Light Bulb? Lesson 5- Building a Circuit Lesson 6- What s Wrong with the Circuit? Lesson 7- Conductors and Insulators Lesson 8- Making a Filament Lesson 9- Hidden Circuits Lesson 10- Deciphering a Secret Language Lesson 11- Exploring Series & Parallel Circuits Lesson 12- Learning About Switches Lesson 13- Constructing a Flashlight Lesson 14- Working with a Diode Lesson 15- Planning to Wire a House Lesson 16- Wiring and Lighting the House Appendix: Glossary 1

3 Lesson 1- Thinking about Electricity and Its Properties Question: What do you know about electricity? What do you wonder about electricity? KNOW WONDER 2

4 Electricity Safety Rules Brainstorm 3 or more safety rules about electricity and discuss them with your teammates Draw a picture of one of your safety rules. 3

5 Lesson 2- What Can Electricity Do? Question: How can we create electricity to light the bulb? Hypothesis: IF we wanted to create electricity to light a bulb, THEN Plan: Observations: Illustrate the different ways the bulb would light on and the ways the bulb would not light on. Bulb Lights ON Bulb Does NOT Light 4

6 Continued Bulb Lights ON Bulb Does NOT Light Conclusion: What did you learn from the investigation? Key Concepts: Electricity must be able to move from one end of the battery to the other end to create a complete circuit. Battery- A device that can produce an electric current as a result of chemical change in it Wire- A metal strand used to connect electrical devices in a circuit Reflection/ Next Steps: 5

7 Lesson 3- A Closer Look at Circuits Question: Which arrangements do you think will make the bulb light? Hypothesis: State your prediction by writing On or Off under each picture in PEN. s\changsl\ uments\amst Activity Sheet 1 TG p. 19 Hypothesis Result Hypothesis Result Hypothesis Result Hypothesis Result Hypothesis Result Hypothesis Result Hypothesis Result Hypothesis Result Hypothesis Result Conclusion: Key Idea: For the bulb to light, a connection must be made to the positive and negative ends of the battery as well as to the side and base of the bulb. Electric Current- A flow of electric charge through something 6

8 Lesson 4- What Is Inside a Light Bulb? Discuss and color-code the parts. Key Concept: Light bulbs only produce light when they are part of a complete circuit. Filament- A fine wire that becomes hot and produces light when an electric current passes through it. View video clip of light bulb 7

9 Investigation Question: How many D-cell batteries do you think it will take to light a household light bulb? Hypothesis: If we try to light a household light bulb with D cell batteries, then I think it will take because. Plan: Observations: Draw and write what you observed. Conclusion: Reflection/ Next Steps: 8

10 Lesson 5- Building a Circuit Question: Which circuit connection will light the bulb? Activity Sheet 2 TG p. 30 Hypothesis Result Hypothesis Result Hypothesis Result Hypothesis Result Hypothesis Result Hypothesis Result 9

11 Question: What could we use to make circuit building easier? Draw your completed circuit that includes the battery holder, battery, wires, bulb, and bulb socket. 1. What are the crucial connections and elements necessary to make the bulb light? 2. What is happening in this circuit? Conclusion: Key Concepts: An electric circuit is a continuous path for electricity to travel in going from one end of the battery, through wires (including wires in the bulb), back to the other end of the battery. Circuit- A system that connects electrical devices so that they will operate Reflection/ Next Steps: 10

12 Lesson 6- What s Wrong with the Circuit? Activity Sheet 3 TG p. 37 First, draw one wire on the top two pictures so that the bulb will light. Then, complete the partially drawn wires in the bottom two pictures to make a complete circuit, which will light the bulb. Work with problem circuit testers. Discuss problem-solving techniques to fix a circuit tester that doesn t work. TG p

13 Lesson 7- Conductors and Insulators Question: Can electricity flow through any type of material? Look at the materials below. Do you think connecting them to an electric circuit tester will make the light bulb turn on? Check yes or no. Then, test your hypothesis with the materials. Record your actual results. 1 Golf Tee 2 Straw 3 Brass Screw 4 Paper Clip ITEM 5 Aluminum Screen 6 Plastic Screen 7 Chalk 8 Pencil 9 Brass Paper Fastener (brad) 10 Finishing Nail 11 Aluminum Nail (flat head) 12 Marble 13 Pipe Cleaner 14 Copper Wire 15 Aluminum Rod HYPOTHESIS YES NO ACTUAL RESULTS (Conductor or Insulator?) 1. Analyze your results. What types of materials were able to conduct electricity? 2. What types of materials were NOT able to conduct electricity? 3. When electricity moves easily through an object, we call it a Materials that conduct electricity are used to make wires for electrical circuits. 4. When electricity does not move easily through an object, we call it an. Materials that do not conduct electricity are helpful, too. Evaluate how these materials can be helpful to us. Reflection/ Next Steps: 12

14 Lesson 8- Making a Filament Question: What do you think will happen to the Nichrome wire in a filament? Hypothesis: If we make a model light bulb then I think the Nichrome wire will because Plan: Observations: Draw and describe how we made the filament. Conclusion: Filament- A fine wire that becomes hot and produces light when an electric current passes through it. Nichrome wire- wire made of nickel and chromium Reflection/ Next Step: What do you think the glass part of the bulb does? Does it act as a conductor or insulator? How could we find out? 13

15 Lesson 9- Hidden Circuits Circuit Box Puzzle Question: How could you use a circuit tester to find hidden circuits? Hypothesis: Plan: Develop a systematic strategy to determine the hidden wiring pattern. Observations: Record circuit combinations for each Circuit Box Conclusion: Next Steps/ Reflections: 14

16 Lesson 10- Deciphering a Secret Language Question: How can we communicate various circuits to someone using a drawing? How do electrical engineers communicate their designs? Electrical engineers use symbols to draw circuit diagrams of circuits they make. A Secret Language Use the symbols to draw a circuit diagram of this circuit. Circuit Diagram 15

17 1. With your partner, make a circuit with one battery, two bulbs, and whatever wires you need. Draw a circuit diagram of the circuit using symbols. Circuit Diagram (with symbols) Reflect: What are the benefits of using a circuit diagram? Key Concept: Electrical engineers use symbols to draw circuit diagrams of circuits they make. Circuit Diagram- A drawing that uses symbols to show how the parts of an electric circuit are connected. Next Step/Extension: Assume you have two batteries and two bulbs to work with. Draw a circuit diagram that includes them in one circuit. Make the circuit. 16

18 Lesson 11- Exploring Series & Parallel Circuits BATTERIES IN SERIES AND PARALLEL Question: Which bulb do you think will burn brighter? Which bulb do you think will burn longer? Why? What are series and parallel circuits? Hypothesis: Plan: Observations: Describe what you observed. Conclusion: A. Batteries in Series B. Batteries in Parallel 17

19 BULBS IN SERIES AND PARALLEL Question: Which bulbs do you think will burn brighter? Which bulbs do you think will burn longer? Why? Hypothesis: Plan: Observations: Describe what you observed. Conclusion: Bulbs in Series Bulbs in Parallel 18

20 Lesson 12- Learning about Switches Question: What are necessary/ useful parts of a flashlight? Where have you seen switches? Make a switch and draw a symbol for it. Design a plan for a flashlight. 19

21 Lesson 13- Constructing a Flashlight Question: How can we create a working flashlight? Make your flashlight! Draw your flashlight and circuit diagram that is in your flashlight. 20

22 Lesson 14- Working with a Diode Question: What us a semiconductor? How does it work? What do you think might be the reason that some bulbs light and others do not? Reverse your diode to see what happens. Can you include the paper clip switch into the circuit with the diode attached so the light comes on/off? Draw the symbol for a diode. Draw a circuit diagram that includes your circuit tester, the switch, and the diode. Key Concepts: Semiconductor diode is a device that allows current to flow in one direction, but not in the other. Diodes are used by engineers and technicians who make radios, televisions, and other electronic devices. 21

23 Lesson 15- Planning to Wire a House Question: How can we wire a house (or room)? Draw a plan for your house (or a room). Use symbols, labels, and colors in your design. 22

24 Lesson 16- Wiring and Lighting the House Make a wiring diagram of the model house. Compare the diagram of what you actually did with your original plans. What changes did you make? Why did you make those changes? 23

25 What did you LEARN about Electric Circuits? 24