Shifting Patterns of Immigration in Canada s Urban Centers Ontario now receives less than half of Canada s immigrants

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1 Shifting Patterns of Immigration in Canada s Urban Centers 2007 Jack Jedwab July 25, 200 Highlights -Ontario now receives less than half of Canada s immigrants -Canada had approximately less immigrants between 2005 and 2007 and Toronto experienced a near similar decrease in the number of immigrants over that period -Quebec s Share of Canadian Immigration reaches 10 year record -Big increase in the numbers of immigrants heading to Saskatchewan -Permanent Residents numbers once double those of temporary workers now not much greater -Share of refugees declines in Canada Perhaps the biggest change to the pattern of immigrant settlement in Canada in 2007 is Ontario no longer representing the home to the majority of newly arrived immigrants. In 2001 it was the home to nearly 60% of new arrivals but in 2007 it feel to 47%. The decline was particularly apparent in Toronto which in 2001 received nearly half of all new arrivals and dropped to 44% in 2003 and then to under 37% in Montreal experienced gradual increases rising to 16.4% of all new arrivals to Canada its highest share in the past decade. But while Montreal benefited somewhat from Toronto s decline in percentage several cities outside the big three metropolises picked up greater

2 numbers of new arrivals. Hence in 2007 the cities outside the MTV received nearly one in three new arrivals. Table 1 Percentage Distribution of Immigrants to Canada by selected provinces and cities, Urban area Percentage distribution Ontario Quebec British Columbia Alberta Toronto Montréal Vancouver Calgary Edmonton Total MTV , Total Other Cities Source: Citizenship and Immigration Canada, Facts and Figures 2007, Immigration Overview: Permanent Residents As observed below while Canada s total immigrant intake fell between 2006 and 2007 returning to levels approximating the years 2002 and 2004 a number of Canadian cities experienced important levels of growth in their numbers of new arrivals. Since 2002, Winnipeg and Saskatoon have seen their respective numbers of new arrivals more than double. The numbers in Charlottetown has increased nearly 10 fold since Halifax, Regina, Moncton, Edmonton and Calgary have also received increased annual numbers in the last 5 years. Table 2 Canada Permanent Residents by Selected Province and Urban Area, Urban area Number

3 Canada 174, , ,45 250,63 229, , , , , ,75 Charlotteto wn Halifax 1,796 1,316 1,330 1,39 1,135 1,101 1,345 1,479 1,907 1,926 Moncton Québec 1,50 1,567 1,420 1,51 1,379 1,702 2,119 2,045 1,74 2,056 Montréal 22,237 25,03 2,42 32,71 33,295 33,7 37,2 37,16 3,391 3,710 Gatineau ,021 1,00 1,020 1,121 Quebec 26,619 29,151 32,502 37,601 37,56 39,554 44,243 43,313 44,61 45,20 Ottawa- Gatineau 5,277 6,59 7,19,44 7,156 5,961 6,365 6,377 6,27 5,791 Toronto 76,410 4, , ,17 111, ,55 99,91 112,4 0 99,293 7,136 Hamilton 2,057 2,76 3,204 2,24 3,09 3,535 4,05 4,533 3,990 3,636 Winnipeg 2,41 2,995 3,709 3,756 3,04 5,144 5,910 6,16 7,697,472 Regina Saskatoon ,154 1,61 Calgary 6,006 6,41,499 10,14 9,01 9,267 9,44 11,16 11,23 11,239 Edmonton 3,796 3,39 4,303 4,52 4,224 4,10 5,056 6,016 6,436 6,535 Alberta 11,17 12,094 14,365 16,40 14,71 15,33 16,474 19,404 20,716 20,57 Vancouver 32,009 32,400 33,306 34,336 30,070 30,72 32,700 39,49 36,273 32,920 Victoria ,069 1,205 1,265 1,270 As observed below whereas the numbers of permanent residents was nearly twice that of temporary workers in 2003, the substantial rise in temporary foreign workers since that year has seen the gap narrow quite substantially. Table 3

4 Respective Stock of Temporary Foreign Workers and Permanent Residents in Canada, Canada Permanent Residents 221, ,23 262, , ,75 Temporary Foreign Workers 110, , , , ,057 Difference % Difference 100% 5% 90% 55% 17.5% As observed below the number of temporary foreign workers has risen substantially in Alberta and Ontario between 2003 and Table 4 Canada December 1 Stock of Temporary Foreign Workers by Province or Territory and Urban Area, Halifax 9 1, ,046 1,277 New Brunswick ,132 1,427 Montréal 11,202 13,040 14,035 15,537 16,904 Quebec 15,452 1,121 20,244 21,714 23,45 Ottawa-Gatineau 2,4 2,97 3,463 3,505 3,920 Toronto 19,261 21,335 23,442 27,30 33,604 Hamilton 1,104 1,30 1,439 1,451 1,606 Ontario 53,76 59,342 65,150 72,39 2,73 Winnipeg 1,333 1,469 1,632 1,925 2,536 Manitoba 2,104 2,454 2,717 3,356 4,603 Regina Saskatoon ,109 Saskatchewan 1,541 1,733 2,017 2,200 2,99 Lethbridge Calgary 4,355 5,112 5,95 7,75 11,937 Red Deer Edmonton 2,594 2,45 3,101 4,096 7,973 Other Alberta 4,257 4,967 6,334 9,420 16,271 Alberta 11,462 13,237 15,36 22,105 37,257 Kelowna Vancouver 15,563 1,067 19,467 21,115 24,274 Victoria Other British Columbia 6,14,052 11,04 13,179 17,9 British Columbia 22,292 26,52 31,4 35,217 43,375

5 Total 110, , , , ,057 Declines in the number of immigrants occurred in every category between 2006 and The percentage of economic immigrants increased slightly between 2006 and 2007 despite a decline in real numbers of about 6%. The percentage of the family class remained the same in 2006 and 2007 (though there was a real decrease of approximately 5%). It was the percentage of refugees that fell from 12.9% to 11.% and this was accompanied by a 14% decrease in the numbers. Table 5 Canada Permanent Residents by Category in Canada and the United States, Category Family class 50,96 55,277 60,614 66,794 62,27 65,112 62,260 63,360 70,507 66,230 Canada US Economic 97, , , ,71 137,64 121, ,74 156,312 13, ,24 immigrants Canada US Refugees 22,43 24,396 30,092 27,919 25,116 25,94 32,67 35,776 32,503 27,956 Canada US Other 2,547 1, ,72 9,207 7,12 6,790 10,30 11,323 immigrants Canada Total 174,197 19, ,45 250,63 229, , ,23 262, , ,75 Canada Total United States

6 In looking at the numbers of immigrants received annually in major Canadian and American cities since 2005, Toronto remained in third spot overall behind New York and Los Angeles (it fell to third in 2006). And while Montreal remained in 7 th spot it closed the gap on Washington and Chicago. Vancouver remained on the top ten in 9 th spot. Table 6 Legal Permanent Resident Flow by Metropolitan Area of Residence, Number =000 s % s of Number Percentage Number Percentage Number Percentage respective country s total immigration Total US Total Canada 236, , , New York, Nthn NJ, Long Island Los Angeles , Long Beach Santa Ana- Toronto 112, , , Miami-Fort 7, , ,5 7.1 Lauderdale- Pompano Washington Chicago Montreal 3, , , San Francisco Oakland Vancouver 32, , , Houston Boston Dallas Atlanta Source: Facts and Figures 2007, Citizenship and Immigration Canada and US Immigration Statistics, Homeland Security, 2007

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