3) Take out the homework due today and put it in the upper left corner of your desk.

Transcription

1 Do Now! Dear Sixth Grade History-Maker, 1) Take out a pen or pencil. 2) Copy your homework assignment into your homework folder. 3) Take out the homework due today and put it in the upper left corner of your desk. 4) Silently put your binder on the floor. 5) Answer the following question: 6) Imagine that you are an archaeologist studying the pharaohs of. You just stumbled into a pharaoh's tomb that has been abandoned for thousands of years. It is filled with gold artifacts and precious stones. Would you sell the artifacts for money or give them to a museum? Write in complete sentences. 7) Silently read your D.E.A.R. book.

2 Guided Reading 14 Pre-Reading Directions: Go through the reading and write a short definition above each underlined word. royal related to a king or queen regent person who rules for a king or queen double crown the crown worn by Egyptian pharaohs. The crown had two parts (upper and lower) to show that he pharaoh ruled both Upper Egypt and Lower Egypt. foremost most important expedition a long trip During-Reading Directions: As you read, underline any details that help you to visualize what Hatshepsut looked like and what kinds of things she built and accomplished in Egypt. Hatshepsut, Pharaoh of Egypt Adapted from Hatshepsut, the Female Pharaoh by Joyce Tyldesley Hatshepsut s Early Life Hatshepsut was part of the 18 th dynasty of Egypt, and the daughter of Thothmose I and Queen Ahmose. Hatshepsut was her father s oldest child, but that did not qualify her to be pharaoh. She had three brothers. However, all of them died young except her brother Thothmose II. When

3 Hatshepsut s father died, Hatshepsut was forced to marry her younger brother. According to Egyptian tradition, a pharaoh had to marry a female who was royal, usually a sister or half sister. Since Hatshepsut was her fathers most royal daughter, she was the only choice. After Thutmose II became Pharoah, Hatshepsut became the queen. She was a good queen. Carvings from this time show her holding her children and standing beside her husband as he performed religious ceremonies. However, Thutmose II was not healthy. He was pharaoh for about 3 years before he suddenly died. Hatshepsut as Regent Thutmose II had many wives, but only two children. He had a daughter with Hatshepsut and a son, Thutmose III with another wife. Thutmose II s daughter could not be pharaoh, so his only son would have to be. But, the son (Thutmose III) was only around 4 years old. According to Egyptian law, when the next pharaoh in the dynasty was too young to rule, the child s closest royal relative would rule until they were old enough. This relative was called the regent. They would perform all of the duties of the pharoah without actually being the pharoah. There were many mothers in Egypt who acted as regents for their young sons. Thutmose III did not have a royal mother. Therefore, his mother could not become his regent. Instead, Hatshepsut became the regent of Egypt, ruling for her young stepson. At first, Thutmose III and Hatshepsut ruled together. Carvings from the temples Hatsheptsut built show her and Thutmose III standing next to each other, making offerings to the gods. They are the same size and are dressed almost exactly the same. After around 5 years of ruling withthutmose III, Hatshepsut made a sudden change. She had a ceremony which made her pharoah. Hatshepsut as Pharoah No one knows why Hatshepsut decided to become pharoah, but it is clear how she did it. First, Hatshepsut built a temple to prove to people that she was the son of gods. On the walls of the

4 temple, she showed the Egyptians that she was the son of the gods, and that her father had asked her to rule Egypt. Carved on the walls of her temple, it says Amon Ra said to Hatshepsut, Come, you blessed one. I will take you in my arms that you may rise in the palace. When you rise in the palace, you will wear the double crown of the pharaoh, for you are my son, to whom I have given birth. This is my daughter Hatshepsut, living. I put her in my place on earth. Since women weren t allowed to be pharaoh, Hatshepsut began to dress like a man. All of the carvings of her show her wearing clothes that men wore a short kilt, a pharoah s head dress, and a fake beard. She even dropped the feminine ending from her name ('t') and called herself His Majesty, Hatshepsu 'Foremost of Nobles. She began to wear a crown with two ostrich feathers on the top, just like Amon Ra, the king of gods. Hatshepsut ruled as Pharaoh for about 20 years. There is no evidence that Thutmose III was against her rule. In carvings from Hatshepsut s time, Thutmose III is often shown standing beside or behind his stepmother. He is shown as a commander in the army, and sometimes, bowing down to his step-mother, Hatshepsut. Hatshepsut's Accomplishments: Works of Art After becoming Pharaoh, Hatshepsut ordered many works or art. Her first were four obelisks: large stone monuments which reached to the sky in praise of the gods. She also repaired many of the temples in Egypt, and built new temples to praise the gods. Hatshepsut was particularly loyal to Amon-Ra, and built many temples in his honor. The Expedition to Punt Hatshepsut also organized one of the greatest trading expeditions of all time. Egypt traded with people from Nubia, Egypt, and even parts of Europe. The Egyptians loved ivory, incense, and fruit trees which came from the land of Punt. No Egyptian had ever reached Punt. Instead, they

5 bought goods from Nubians who had traveled to Punt. This made goods from Punt very expensive, so Hatshepsut decided to lead an expedition to Punt. No one knows where Punt was (maybe in Somalia) but it was a very rich place, with many natural resources that Egypt wanted. Hatshepsut made it to Punt and brought back many riches, including ivory, incense, fruit trees, pearls, and even diamonds. Her trip made Egypt wealthier, and also opened up a new trade relationship with Punt. Hatshepsut recorded all of her achievements on the walls of her temple at Deir el-bahri, and many of the scenes can still be seen today. The Attempts to Erase Hatshepsut. Hatshepsut ruled for around 20 years. After she died, Thutmose III took power. He was a very strong king, who led Egypt in many wars to conquer Nubia and parts of Asia. No one knows how Hatshepsut died. Her mummy has never been found, and the coffin in her tomb was empty when it was discovered in Unfortunately most of Hatshepsut s temples and statues were damaged or destroyed. After her death, someone tried to erase every single picture of her that had ever been made. Her sculptures were smashed, her name was scratched off temples and walls. For example, all of Hatshepsut s signatures on her temple were replaced with Thuthmose IIIs signature. This was a sign of great disrespect for Hatshepsut, because erasing her image would erase her contributions to history. For many years, no historians knew anything about Hatshepsut. Then, in 1920, a team of archaeologists from New York were digging in the area where Hatshepsut s temple stood. They found a huge pit that had once been a garbage dump. However, the garbage in this pit was very unusual! It was full of broken statues, walls, and temples. Every thing in the pit was related to Hatshepsut. It took archaeologists nearly 10 years to sift through all of the rubble, and they succeeded in piecing together many complete statues of Hatshepsut. These statues tell us the story of this remarkable woman, who deserves an honored place in history.

6 Post-Reading Answer the following questions in complete sentences. 1. What is a regent? 2. How did Hatshepsut become a regent? 3. What did Hatshepsut build to prove to the people that she should be pharaoh? Describe how she decorated it. 4. How long was she pharaoh for? 5. Why did she go to Punt? What did she bring back? 6. Why did archaeologists find most of Hatshepsut s belongings and statues in a garbage dump? Explain.

7