Tyranny in the City-States

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1 Sparta and Athens

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3 Tyranny in the City-States Main Idea: Tyrants were able to seize power from the nobles with the support of Greek farmers, merchants, and artisans Today, the word tyrant is almost always a negative term, but not in Ancient Greece. Tyrants were often very popular because they helped the common people gain rights

4 Nobles seize power from the kings after the Dark Age. Unhappy farmers demand changes in power Led to the rise of Tyrants (someone who takes power by force and rules with total authority) 600 B.C. = Tyrants come to power Gain support from common people and overthrow nobles Built marketplaces, temples and walls = keeps them popular

5 Greeks wanted government where all citizens can participate (no longer like tyrants ruling, because some got very greedy)

6 Some city-states create an oligarchy Government ruled by a few people Sparta had this gov t Some city-states create a democracy Government ruled by all citizens Athens had this gov t

7 Life in Sparta Main Idea: The Spartans focused on military skills to control the people they conquered Daily life in Sparta was dominated by the military. They valued discipline, obedience and courage above all else. To get more land, Sparta conquered and enslaved their neighbors These captive workers = helots (kept control of them for nearly 250 years) To keep the helots from rebelling, Spartans created a strict and strong military of boys and men

8 All citizens had to serve in the army When born, only healthy children are allowed to live. Healthy children go home to learn discipline. Unhealthy children are left in the wilderness to die Spartan Boys Age 7 Boys leave home to go to military school (Agoge) at age 7. Physical and military training are stressed. Children are forced to fight, steal and cheat. If they get caught, they are beaten. They are often forced to hunt and fend for themselves. They are not allowed to cry or show pain.

9 Boys entered regular army at age 20, live in barracks Returned home at age 30, but stayed in the army until age 60

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11 Women in Sparta Spartan girls Trained in sports such as running, wrestling and javelin throwing. Helps keep them in shape to be healthy mothers Freer then other Greek women. Owned land, ran businesses. Did not spend time cooking and cleaning, that was the jobs of the slaves. Helot (state-slaves) worked the fields.

12 Spartan Government Oligarchy government ruled by a few people Two branches = council of elders and an assembly Ephors = enforced the laws and managed tax collection To maintain control = discouraged foreign visitors & banned citizens from traveling Kings (2) and Ephors (5) Ephors elected by the assembly. Had the power to propose laws and override the kings Senate Elected by citizens, voted on laws Citizen Assembly All male landowners over age 30 Economy based on military - led very simple lives, government forbade luxury goods - simple life = Spartan life

13 Life in Athens Main Idea: Unlike Sparta, Athenians were more interested in building a democracy than building a military force (but did have a good army and an excellent navy) Place more value on the mind (arts and education) Raphael s School of Athens

14 Athenian Boys Attended school. Taught reading, writing arithmetic, sports & music Finished school and became a citizen by age 18 Formal schooling was mainly only for the rich Athens was known as The School of Greece

15 GIRLS - Stayed at home = taught household duties by mother - Were mostly ignored by government - Women didn't really have any power outside of the home. They really weren't even allowed to leave the home very often, except to visit relatives, or attend weddings, funerals or religious ceremonies

16 Athenian Government Early Athenian government was an oligarchy, ruled by the landowning nobles Around 600 B.C., Athenians rebelled against the nobles Farmers demanded an end to debts & demanded land for the poor Turned to a man named Solon Popular among both nobles and common people for his reforms in Athenian government.

17 Peisistratus = tyrant who seized power in 560 B.C., 30 years after Solon s reforms Divided large estates and gave them to the landless farmers Loaned money to poor people and gave them jobs

18 Cleisthenes = took over in 508 B.C. & created the first DEMOCRACY in Athens Assembly became center of the government Gave assembly/citizens more power Created a new council of 500 (chosen at random) to help the assembly

19 Athenian Government Democracy government ruled by the citizens People could participate in government Emphasized personal freedom. Could propose laws and vote, own property, etc. voting All People???

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