Islam: Roots and Beliefs Notes**

Transcription

1 Name Period Islam: Roots and Beliefs Notes** Arabian Peninsula is where Islam begins Modern day Saudi Arabia Arabian Peninsula was a major trading area Difficult to trade here Large, hot deserts with very little water Along with trading, Arabia was birthplace of new ideas Arabian Peninsula is the crossroads between Europe, Asia, and Africa Arabia is very hot and dry Summer temperatures can reach 100 F daily Sand dunes in desert can rise to over 800 ft high There is very little water in Arabia Where there s water, there s an oasis Oasis Wet, fertile area in a desert Nomads lived in tents and raised livestock Animals provided milk, meat, wool, and leather Other people settled in communities Lived in oases where they could farm Eventually settlements became towns Worked in caravan trading Caravan A group of traders that travel together Towns become major centers of trade Major town becomes Mecca Early on, Arabs were mainly polytheistic Muhammad changes that We know little of Muhammad What we do know comes from religious writings The prophet Muhammad introduces a monotheistic religion Muhammad was born in 570 in Mecca Many people in Mecca were poor and the rich were not helping Muhammad was disturbed by this, so he would often pray and meditate One day Muhammad had a vision where an angel told him to write down messages from God He was around 40 years old Muhammad received messages from God for the rest of his life The messages Muhammad received form the basis of the religion Islam Islam to submit to god (in Arabic) A follower of Islam is called a Muslim The messages collected by Muhammad are put together in the Qur an Qur an The Holy Book of Islam 613 Muhammad begins to preach about messages Main teachings: Only one God Allah Arabs should stop being polytheistic Begin a community where rich and poor were equal Rich people should give money to the poor New ideas for Arabs upsetting to many

2 As Islam spread, rulers in the city of Mecca wanted to kill Muhammad Muhammad moves to Medina (a city north of Mecca) Medina Prophet s City (in Arabic) Muhammad s house in Medina becomes the first Mosque Mosque Muslim house of prayer 630 After years of fighting, people of Mecca accept Islam Many tribes accept Muhammad as their spiritual leader 632 Muhammad dies Religion lives on and spreads beyond Arabia Like the Christian Gospels, Muhammad s messages were spread by word of mouth Eventually Muhammad s messages were written down in the Qur an Muslims believe the Qur an to be the exact word of God as it was told to Muhammad Central Belief is that there is only one God Allah is his name and Muhammad is his prophet Everyone must obey Allah s Commands Commands given to Muslims through Muhammad The world had a beginning and will end someday On the final day, God will judge all people Those who obey = eternal paradise Those who are evil = eternal suffering Muslims must wash themselves before praying So they will be pure Do not eat pork or drink alcohol No slavery Women s rights: Own property, earn money, and get an education These ideas are very different from traditional Arab society Jihad To make an effort or to struggle Muslims believe people struggle to obey Allah Can also mean the struggle to defend Islam Can also mean holy war Qur an is not the only source for Islamic teachings Hadeeth written record of Muhammad s words and actions Sunnah refers to the way Muhammad lived Provides a model for the duties and way of life expected of Muslims Sunnah guides Muslim behavior Five Pillars of Islam Five acts of worship required by Muslims Kaaba Islam s most sacred place (in Mecca) The Qur an and the Sunnah form the basis of Islamic Law Islamic Law Shariah Based on interpretations of the Qur an and Sunnah Shariah sets rewards for good behavior and punishments for crimes The Shariah is the basis of laws in Muslim countries Now, Islamic law is blended with legal systems like the United States

3 Name Period Islam: Roots and Beliefs Notes* Arabian Peninsula is where begins Modern day Arabian Peninsula was a major area Along with trading, Arabia was the birthplace of new Arabian Peninsula is the between Europe, Asia, and Africa is very hot and dry There is very little in Arabia Where there s water, there s an Wet, fertile area in a desert lived in tents and raised livestock Other people settled in Eventually settlements became Worked in trading A group of traders that travel together Major town becomes Early on, Arabs were mainly The prophet introduces a monotheistic religion Muhammad was born in 570 in One day had a vision where an angel told him to write down messages from received messages from for the rest of his life The Muhammad received form the basis of the religion to submit to god (in Arabic) A follower of Islam is called a The messages collected by Muhammad are put together in the The Holy Book of Islam Muhammad begins to preach about messages Main teachings: Only one God - Arabs should stop being Begin a community where and were equal Rich people should give money to the

4 As spread, rulers in the city of wanted to kill Muhammad Muhammad moves to (a city north of Mecca) Prophet s City (in Arabic) Muhammad s house in Medina becomes the first Muslim house of prayer After years of fighting, people of Mecca accept Islam Muhammad dies Eventually Muhammad s messages were written down in the Muslims believe the to be the exact word of God as it was told to Central Belief is that there is only one is his name and is his prophet Everyone must obey Commands The world had a beginning and will - someday On the final day, will judge all people Muslims must themselves before praying Do not eat or drink No Women s rights: Own, earn money, and get an To make an effort or to struggle Can also mean the struggle to defend Can also mean is not the only source for Islamic teachings written record of Muhammad s words and actions refers to the way Muhammad lived guides Muslim behavior Five acts of worship required by Muslims Islam s most sacred place (in Mecca) The Qur an and the form the basis of Islamic Law Islamic Law sets rewards for good behavior and punishments for crimes The is the basis of laws in Muslim countries Now, Islamic is blended with systems like the United States

5 Name Period Islam: Roots and Beliefs Notes Peninsula is where begins Modern day Peninsula was a major area Along with, Arabia was the birthplace of new Arabian Peninsula is the between Europe,, and Africa is very and There is very little in Arabia Where there s, there s an Oasis lived in tents and raised Other people settled in Eventually became Worked in trading Caravan Major becomes Early on, were mainly The prophet introduces a religion was born in 570 in One day had a where an angel told him to write down from received from for the rest of his life The Muhammad received form the basis of the religion Islam A follower of Islam is called a The messages collected by are put together in the Qu ran Muhammad begins to preach about Main teachings: Only one God - should stop being Begin a community where and were equal people should give money to the

6 As spread, rulers in the city of wanted to kill Muhammad moves to (a city north of -) Medina house in Medina becomes the first Mosque After years of fighting, people of Mecca accept Muhammad dies Eventually Muhammad s were written down in the Muslims believe the to be the exact word of as it was told to Central is that there is only one is his name and is his prophet Everyone must obey Commands The had a beginning and will - someday On the final day, will judge all Muslims must themselves before Do not eat or drink No Women s rights: Own, earn, and get an Jihad Can also mean the to defend Can also mean is not the only source for - teachings written record of words and actions refers to the way lived guides behavior Five acts of worship required by Muslims Islam s most sacred place (in ) The Qur an and the form the basis of - Law Islamic Law sets rewards for good and punishments for The is the basis of laws in countries Now, Islamic is blended with systems like the