CHAPTER THREE The Founding of the Bureaucratic Empire: Qin-Han China (256 B.C.E. 200 C.E.)

Transcription

1 CHAPTER THREE The Founding of the Bureaucratic Empire: Qin-Han China (256 B.C.E. 200 C.E.) GLOSSARY Look up the following terms in a dictionary or encyclopedia if you do not know them. Cosmology Thucydides Patrilinial Primogeniture Filial piety IDENTIFICATION Briefly identify the meaning and significance of the follow terms: First Emperor (Qin Shi Huangdi) Nine ministries Emperor Wu Government monopolies Wang Mang Chapter 03 Page 1

2 Huang-Lao Daoism _ Records of the Grand Historian Great Families Silk Road Xiongnu Chapter 03 Page 2

3 MATCHING Match the following people with the appropriate description 1. Lu Buwei 2. Li Si 3. Liu Bang 4. Empress Lu 5. Dong Zhongshu 6. Sima Qian 7. Ban Zhao 8. Emperor Wu 9. Zhang Qian 10. Zhao Tuo (Trieu Da) A. For centuries, she would provide an example of the dangers of letting a woman take power. B. He expanded the empire through military means and had a significant impact on culture and government. C. his elevation to emperor is evidence of how thoroughly the Qin Dynasty had destroyed the old order. D. Humility means yielding and acting respectfully, putting others first and oneself last, never mentioning one s own good deeds or denying one s faults, enduring insults and bearing mistreatment, all with due trepidation. E. Chinese Envoy F. Chancellor and advisor to the king of Qin, he reorganized defeated states along legalist lines. G. Advised the emperor that anything not encompassed by the Six Disciplines and the arts of Confucius be suppressed H. evidence of high social mobility during the Qin, as regent he issued orders that wealthy commoners be granted noble rank. I. Great Chief of the Southern Barbarians J. Castrated as punishment for angering the Emperor *ouch* Chapter 03 Page 3

4 COMPLETION Answer the question or complete the statement by filling in the blanks with the correct word or words. 1. In 221 b.c.e., the state of Qin, which had adopted policies, succeeded in defeating the last of its rivals, thus creating a unified China. 2. When Li Si complained that scholars used records of the past to denigrate the emperor s achievements, the emperor ordered the collection and of all useless writings. As a result, many ancient texts were lost. 3. To make sure that criminals were caught and offenses reported, Qin set up units of five households, who members were required to inform on each other. 4. Confucian cosmological theories explained all phenomena in terms of cyclical flows of and and the five phases. 5. The Han government s decision to recruit men trained in the Confucian classics marks the beginning of the Confucian system, one of the most distinctive features of imperial China. 6. During the Han dynasty, access to government office was largely through. 7. The legal underpinnings of the family were closely connected to Confucian virtues such as showing proper deference to parents and. 8. Through the trade along the Silk Road, the Chinese learned of new, including walnuts, pomegranates, sesame, and coriander. 9. The Han fostered by building garrisons on the frontiers to protect settlers, merchants, and adventurers. 10. China retained at least nominal control over northern until the tenth century. Chapter 03 Page 4

5 TRUE/FALSE Mark the following statements either T (True) or F (False): 1. During the Qin Unification, there was a rigid social structure with little to no social mobility. 2. Nobility of the defeated states were replaced by officials who were beholden to the emperor. 3. Men and women were treated equally before the law in the Qin Dynasty. 4. Known as the Proscription government officials staged protests against Palace Eunuchs. As a result, many Eunuchs were put in jail, banned from office, and even killed. 5. By the Warring States period, citing examples from the past had become a common way to support an argument. 6. Status and social honor was controlled by the government through its appointment of men to government office. 7. Because the first son was obligated with maintaining ancestor worship, second and third sons did not receive a share of the family land. 8. When states sent envoys to China bearing gifts, the Han emperor responded with even more lavish gifts for them to bring back. 9. The Vietnamese elite accepted Chinese domination and accepted title and appointment from the Chinese emperor. 10. The founder of the Vietnamese kingdom of Nam Viet was founded by a Chinese general. Chapter 03 Page 5

6 MULTIPLE CHOICE Circle the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Which of the following statements best describes the governing structure of the Qin dynasty? A. Feudalism power was divided and shared among the nobility. B. Direct relationship between ruler and subjects power of old nobility was curtailed. C. Weak central government the Qin was unable to conquer all territories and brought neighboring states in as vassals. D. Bureaucracy Emperor governed through a large cadre of bureaucrats E. Confucian statecraft Government was conducted largely by scholar-officials trained in Confucian ideology. 2. To consolidate his power, the First Emperor instituted a sweeping program of consolidation. Which of the following was not part of the program? A. Required defeated nobility to move to the capital. B. Writing systems were standardized C. Private possession of arms was outlawed. D. Weights, measures, and coinage all standardized. E. Books were standardized to present a unified philosophy and history of the state 3. Which of the following punishments was not part of Qin law? A. Imprisonment B. Hard Labor C. Physical Mutilation (e.g., castration) D. Slavery E. Death 4. Legalism contributed to speedy collapse of the Qin dynasty following the death of the First Emperor. Why? A. Did not establish a system for selecting the heir. B. Angered the Confucian scholar-officials who refused to serve the state C. Made the stability of the government dependent on the strength and character of a single person. D. Shared power weakened the central government when feudal lords became increasingly autonomous. E. Elevated the law above the station of the Emperor who could then be executed for violation of the law. Chapter 03 Page 6

7 5. The Governing structure of the Emperor Gao during the Early Han can most accurately be described as A. Feudalism power was divided and shared among his relatives and chief generals. B. Direct relationship between ruler and subjects power of old nobility was curtailed. C. Weak central government the Qin was unable to conquer all territories and brought neighboring states in as vassals. D. Bureaucracy Emperor governed through a large cadre of bureaucrats E. Confucian statecraft Government was conducted largely by scholar-officials trained in Confucian ideology. 6. Why did Wang Mang s reforms fail? (May contain more than one correct answer). A. Some reforms created economic turmoil. B. He did not have the Mandate of Heaven C. Environmental disasters caused peasant discontent D. Policies were contrary to Confucian ideology E. Did not have the backing of the reigning emperor. 7. How were ancient classics recovered during the Han? (May contain more than one correct answer). A. Some scholars had hidden their books B. Some scholars could recite entire books from memory C. Some scholars wrote new books D. Copies were found in Japanese and Korean tombs E. Ancient classics were not recovered. 8. You sit down at the library to read some Chinese history. The book you have selected includes political narratives supplemented by treatises and biographies about a single dynasty. You can assume A. it was written by Sima Qian. B. it was written before the Records of the Grand Historian. C. it was written after the Records of the Grand Historian. D. it will be really boring and poorly written. E. it was written during the Shang dynasty. 9. During the Han dynasty, which of the following was not a path to elite status? A. proximity to the throne B. becoming a merchant or manufacturer C. acquiring government office D. joining a monastery or Confucian temple E. education Chapter 03 Page 7

8 10. During the Han dynasty, what was a significant reason for downward social mobility. A. Opium dependency made family less productive B. Land and status was lost because of angering the emperor C. Poor marriage ties eroded elite status D. If at least one member of a family did not obtain government appointment, that family would lose social status. E. Because family property was divided among all son, the land got smaller with each generation. SHORT ANSWER After carefully studying the chapter, address the following questions. 1. Emperor Wu was one of the most significant emperors of the Han dynasty. List several of his achievements or accomplishments List the 4 traditional threats to dynastic longevity and authority experienced during the Han dynasty? List some of the Confucian virtues women should cultivate. 4. Describe the tribute system that emerges during the Han dynasty. (see the last full paragraph of the chapter or any other resource). Chapter 03 Page 8