Withdraw blood. Centrifuge. Plasma (55% of whole blood) Buffy coat: leukocytes and platelets (<1% of whole blood) Erythrocytes (45% of whole blood)

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Ruth Watson
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1 Fig Monocyte Platelets Small lymphocyte Neutrophil Eosinophil Small lymphocyte Neutrophil Erythrocyte Young (band) neutrophil Monocyte Large lymphocyte Basophil Neutrophil 1

2 Fig Withdraw blood Centrifuge Plasma (55% of whole blood) Buffy coat: leukocytes and platelets (<1% of whole blood) Erythrocytes (45% of whole blood) Formed elements 2

3 Table

4 Table

5 Fig Surface view 7.5 µm 2.0 µm (a) Sectional view (b) Capillary wall Erythrocytes (c) 7 µm b: Susumu Nishinaga/Getty Images; c: Dr. Don W. Fawcett/Visuals Unlimited 5

6 Fig Beta Alpha Heme groups (a) Alpha Beta CH 3 CH CH 2 C C CH 3 C CH 2 C CH 2 COOH HC C C CH C N C C CH 3 N Fe N C C CH C N CH 2 HC C C CH C C (b) CH 2 CH 3 CH 2 COOH 6

7 Fig Hemopoietic stem cell Colony-forming unit (CFU) Precursor cells Mature cell Erythrocyte CFU Erythroblast Reticulocyte Erythrocyte 7

8 Fig Remaining transferrin is distributed to other organs where Fe 2+ is used to make hemoglobin, myoglobin, etc. 1 Mixture of Fe 2+ and Fe 3+ is ingested 7 6 Fe 2+ binds to apoferritin to be stored as ferritin Ferritin Apoferritin In liver, some transferrin releases Fe 2+ for storage Blood plasma Fe 2+ Fe Stomach acid converts Fe 3+ to Fe 2+ Gastroferritin Fe 2+ binds to gastroferritin 5 In blood plasma, Fe 2+ binds to transferrin Transferrin 4 Gastroferritin transports Fe 2+ to small intestine and releases it for absorption 8

9 Fig Hypoxemia (inadequate O2 transport) Increased O2 transport Sensed by liver and kidneys Increased RBC count Accelerated erythropoiesis Secretion of erythropoietin Stimulation of red bone marrow 9

10 Fig Amino acids Iron Folic acid Vitamin B 12 Erythropoiesis in red bone marrow Nutrient absorption Small intestine Erythrocytes circulate for 120 days Expired erythrocytes break up in liver and spleen Cell fragments phagocytized Hemoglobin degraded Heme Globin Biliverdin Bilirubin Bile Feces Iron Hydrolyzed to free amino acids Storage Reuse Loss by menstruation, injury, etc. 10

11 Table

12 Fig Antibodies (agglutinins) 12

13 Fig Rh mother Rh antigen Rh+ fetus Second Rh+ fetus Uterus Amniotic sac and chorion Placenta Anti-D antibody (a) First pregnancy (b) Between pregnancies (c) Second pregnancy 13

14 Fig Nucleus Lysosomes SIU/Science Source 5 µm 14

15 Table 18.6a 15

16 Table 18.6b 16

17 Fig Hemopoietic stem cell Colony-forming units (CFUs) Precursor cells Mature cells Eosinophilic CFU Eosinophilic myeloblast Eosinophilic promyelocyte Eosinophilic myelocyte Eosinophil Basophilic CFU Basophilic myeloblast Basophilic promyelocyte Basophilic myelocyte Basophil Neutrophilic CFU Neutrophilic myeloblast Neutrophilic promyelocyte Neutrophilic myelocyte Neutrophil Monocytic CFU Monoblast Promonocyte Monocyte B prolymphocyte B lymphocyte Lymphocytic CFU Lymphoblast T prolymphocyte T lymphocyte NK prolymphocyte NK cell 17

18 Fig Platelets Monocyte Neutrophils Lymphocyte Erythrocytes (a) (b) 75 µm a: Ed Reschke; b: Leonard Lessin/Photo Researchers/Getty Images 18

19 Fig Pseudopod Granules Open canalicular system Mitochondria (a) 2 µm Platelets Bloodflow Proplatelets Endothelium Sinusoid of bone marrow RBC WBC Megakaryocyte (b) a: NIBSC/Science Photo Library/Science Source 19

20 Fig Vasoconstriction Platelet Platelet plug Blood clot Endothelial cells Vessel injury Collagen fibers (a) Vascular spasm (b) Platelet plug formation (c) Coagulation 20

21 Fig Extrinsic mechanism Intrinsic mechanism Factor XII Platelets Damaged perivascular tissues Factor IX (active) Factor XI (active) Inactive Inactive Thromboplastin (factor III) Factor VII Antihemophiliac factor A Factor VIII (active) Ca 2+, PF 3 Inactive Ca 2+ Factor X (active) Inactive Liver Factor III Factor V Ca 2+ PF 3 Prothrombin activator Factor V Prothrombin (factor II) Thrombin Factor XIII Ca 2+ Blood clot Fibrinogen (factor I) Fibrin Fibrin polymer P. Motta/SPL/Science Source 21

22 Fig Factor XII Factor XI Factor IX Factor VIII Factor X Prothrombin activator Reaction cascade (time) Thrombin Fibrin 22

23 Fig Prekallikrein Factor XII Kallikrein Positive feedback loop Plasminogen Plasmin Fibrin polymer Clot dissolution Fibrin degradation products 23

Blood. Blood. Blood Composition. Blood Composition. Fractionation & Hemopoesis

Blood. Blood. Blood Composition. Blood Composition. Fractionation & Hemopoesis Blood Blood Chapter 19 Blood is a specialized fluid connective tissue that contains cells suspended in a fluid matrix Functions of blood include: Transport of dissolved gases, nutrients, hormones and metabolic